Lilium maculatum
{{Short description|Species of lily}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Lilium maculatum flower.jpg
|genus = Lilium
|species = maculatum
|authority = Thunb.
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|Lilium elegans Thunb.
|Lilium thunbergianum Schult. & Schult.f.
|Lilium venustum Kunth
|Lilium fortunei Lindl.
|Lilium wilsonii T.Moore
|Lilium alternans Siebold ex Duch.
|Lilium coruscans Baker
|Lilium batemanniae A.Wallace
|Lilium bukosanense Honda, syn of var. bukosanense
|}}}}
{{nihongo|Lilium maculatum|スカシユリ/透百合{{sfnp|Shin shikunshi|1901|p=75}}/透かし百合|sukashi-yuri|extra="see-through lily"}} is a plant in the lily family native to Japan.
Etymology
Its Japanese name is {{Lang|ja|sukashi-yuri}}, literally "see-through lily" or perhaps "openwork lily", originates from the gaps between its tepals."[https://books.google.com/books?id=8rAPAAAAYAAJ&q=%22すかし%22+%22花被片%22 Sukashi-yuri すかし‐ゆり【透かし百合】]", Kojien, 4th ed., 1991. "下半各花被片の間に空隙があるところから命名。"
The plant is also called {{Lang|ja|iwato-yuri}} or {{Lang|ja|iwa yuri}} referring to its rocky habitat, or {{Lang|ja|hama yuri}} from growing on the seashore.{{sfnp|Shimizu|1960|p=111}}
In the Japanese horticultural trade, cultivated types are referred to as {{Lang|ja|sukashiyuri}} while the wild-growing ones are called {{Lang|ja|iwatoyuri}}. Furthermore, plants growing along the Pacific Ocean are called {{Lang|ja|iwatoyuri}}, distinguished from {{Lang|ja|iwayuri}} that grow on the coasts of the Sea of Japan.
Range
Lilium maculatum is native to the central and northern regions of Japan, widely cultivated as an ornamental.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=280039 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]Thunberg, Carl Peter (1794) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/760194#page/370/mode/1up Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2: 334] {{in lang|la}}.[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/18403703 Tropicos, Lilium maculatum Thunb.][http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/LiliumDauricumSection Pacific Bulb Society, Lilium Dauricum Section] color photos of several species including numerous color photos of Lilium maculatum
The perennial plan grows on sandy seashores, rocky areas, or cliff-tops.
General description
File:Walter_Hood_Fitch,_Illustration_of_three_varieties_of_Lilium_×_elegans_(1880).jpg (1880) A monograph of the genus Lilium ... illustrated [with coloured plates] by W.H. Fitch, London, Taylor & Francis OCLC: 560210827.]]
It is a stem rooting lily, its bulbs are ovate and white, lacking bitterness. Parts of the scales on the bulb may be jointed. The stalk grows from {{convert|20|to|60|cm|in}} tall, and bears a number of orange, red, or yellow flowers with darker spots. Sometimes the yellow lilies exhibit spotlessness
In Japan, plants growing on the Pacific coast ({{Lang|ja|iwatoyuri}}) bloom from the latter half of June until early August, much later than the
lilies on the coasts of the Sea of Japan ({{Lang|ja|iwayuri}}) that bloom from the latter half of May to early June.
This species used to be considered one of the more important in food consumption as lily bulb or {{nihongo|yuri-ne|ユリ根}} around the turn of the 20th century.{{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/44 p. 75], [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 p. 132].
Varieties
- Lilium maculatum var. bukosanense (Honda) H.Hara
- Lilium maculatum var. maculatum
The variety bukosanense (Japanese: {{Lang|ja|miyamasukashi-yuri}}) was originally discovered on Mount Bukō in Saitama Prefecture near Tokyo, with scattered populations later found in Ibaraki Prefecture. The variety is unusual, as it is a "hanging" or "weeping" type with a pendulous stem, but is listed as critically endangered by Saitama's Red Data Book. The mountain has been heavily quarried for limestone by the cement industry, which now collaborates in the plant's conservation efforts in captivity; foraging by wildlife such as the Japanese macaque is also thought to jeopardizes its survival.
Japanese literature c. 1900 writes of several yellow varieties grown which had no spots,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|The yellow spotless varieties were given such names as Mangetsu "Full Moon", Ō-yamabuki "Great Kerria Rose", Tanima-no-Uguisu "Bush-Warbler of the Valley", Shirasagi "Egret",{{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/45 pp. 76–77]. The Mangetsu "Full Moon" is mentioned by M. Shimizu in 1957.Shimizu, Moto'o (June 1957), "{{URL|1=https://books.google.com/books?id=yRU-AQAAIAAJ&q=%20満月%20|2=Nihon no yuri 日本の百合}}", Shizenkagaku to hakubutsukan 24 (1/2), p. 7}} but a warning was written against their export, while only spotted or lightly spotted varieties of these yellow lilies were being shipped to the West.{{sfnp|Shin shikunshi|1901|pp=77–78}} Years later, the spotless yellow lilies were still considered few and elusive.
- Lilium maculatum subsp. dauricum (Ker Gawl.) H.Hara, now considered a synonym of Lilium pensylvanicum Ker Gawl.
- Lilium maculatum var. monticola H.Hara, now considered a synonym of Lilium maculatum var. maculatum
Explanatory notes
{{notelist}}
References
;Citations
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
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;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal|last=Shimizu |first=M[oto'o] |author-link= |title=Sukashi-Yuri (Lilium elegans Thunb.) and its Origin |journal=Lily Yearbook |publisher=North American Lily Society |number=13 |year=1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3smAQAAMAAJ&q=%22sukashi-yuri%22 |pages=105–120}}
- "yuri ユリ", in {{cite dictionary|ref=|last= |first= |author-link= |title=Nihon shakai jii |script-title=ja:日本社會事彙 |volume=2 |publisher=Keizai zasshi-sha |year=1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP2116 |pages=2077–2083 |lang=ja}}, digested from Shin shikunshi (1901) .
- Seika-en Sanjin 精花園山人 "Hana-yuri 花百合", in {{citation|ref={{SfnRef|Shin shikunshi|1901}}|author=Shōkadō Shujin |author-link= |title=Shin shikunshi |script-title=ja:新四君子 |publisher=Tokyo Mita Ikushujyo |year=1901 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 |pages=63–140 |language=ja}}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q143662}}