Lilium maculatum

Its Japanese name is {{Lang|ja|sukashi-yuri}}, literally "see-through lily" or perhaps "openwork lily", originates from the gaps between its tepals."[https://books.google.com/books?id=8rAPAAAAYAAJ&q=%22すかし%22+%22花被片%22 Sukashi-yuri すかし‐ゆり【透かし百合】]", Kojien, 4th ed., 1991. "下半各花被片の間に空隙があるところから命名。"

The plant is also called {{Lang|ja|iwato-yuri}} or {{Lang|ja|iwa yuri}} referring to its rocky habitat, or {{Lang|ja|hama yuri}} from growing on the seashore.{{sfnp|Shimizu|1960|p=111}}

In the Japanese horticultural trade, cultivated types are referred to as {{Lang|ja|sukashiyuri}} while the wild-growing ones are called {{Lang|ja|iwatoyuri}}. Furthermore, plants growing along the Pacific Ocean are called {{Lang|ja|iwatoyuri}}, distinguished from {{Lang|ja|iwayuri}} that grow on the coasts of the Sea of Japan.

Lilium maculatum is native to the central and northern regions of Japan, widely cultivated as an ornamental.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=280039 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]Thunberg, Carl Peter (1794) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/760194#page/370/mode/1up Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2: 334] {{in lang|la}}.[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/18403703 Tropicos, Lilium maculatum Thunb.][http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/LiliumDauricumSection Pacific Bulb Society, Lilium Dauricum Section] color photos of several species including numerous color photos of Lilium maculatum

The perennial plan grows on sandy seashores, rocky areas, or cliff-tops.

File:Walter_Hood_Fitch,_Illustration_of_three_varieties_of_Lilium_×_elegans_(1880).jpg (1880) A monograph of the genus Lilium ... illustrated [with coloured plates] by W.H. Fitch, London, Taylor & Francis OCLC: 560210827.]]

It is a stem rooting lily, its bulbs are ovate and white, lacking bitterness. Parts of the scales on the bulb may be jointed. The stalk grows from {{convert|20|to|60|cm|in}} tall, and bears a number of orange, red, or yellow flowers with darker spots. Sometimes the yellow lilies exhibit spotlessness

In Japan, plants growing on the Pacific coast ({{Lang|ja|iwatoyuri}}) bloom from the latter half of June until early August, much later than the

lilies on the coasts of the Sea of Japan ({{Lang|ja|iwayuri}}) that bloom from the latter half of May to early June.

This species used to be considered one of the more important in food consumption as lily bulb or {{nihongo|yuri-ne|ユリ根}} around the turn of the 20th century.{{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/44 p. 75], [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 p. 132].

;Recognized cultivars

• Lilium maculatum var. bukosanense (Honda) H.Hara
• Lilium maculatum var. maculatum

The variety bukosanense (Japanese: {{Lang|ja|miyamasukashi-yuri}}) was originally discovered on Mount Bukō in Saitama Prefecture near Tokyo, with scattered populations later found in Ibaraki Prefecture. The variety is unusual, as it is a "hanging" or "weeping" type with a pendulous stem, but is listed as critically endangered by Saitama's Red Data Book. The mountain has been heavily quarried for limestone by the cement industry, which now collaborates in the plant's conservation efforts in captivity; foraging by wildlife such as the Japanese macaque is also thought to jeopardizes its survival.

Japanese literature c. 1900 writes of several yellow varieties grown which had no spots,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|The yellow spotless varieties were given such names as Mangetsu "Full Moon", Ō-yamabuki "Great Kerria Rose", Tanima-no-Uguisu "Bush-Warbler of the Valley", Shirasagi "Egret",{{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/45 pp. 76–77]. The Mangetsu "Full Moon" is mentioned by M. Shimizu in 1957.Shimizu, Moto'o (June 1957), "{{URL|1=https://books.google.com/books?id=yRU-AQAAIAAJ&q=%20満月%20|2=Nihon no yuri 日本の百合}}", Shizenkagaku to hakubutsukan 24 (1/2), p. 7}} but a warning was written against their export, while only spotted or lightly spotted varieties of these yellow lilies were being shipped to the West.{{sfnp|Shin shikunshi|1901|pp=77–78}} Years later, the spotless yellow lilies were still considered few and elusive.

;Formerly included

• Lilium maculatum subsp. dauricum (Ker Gawl.) H.Hara, now considered a synonym of Lilium pensylvanicum Ker Gawl.
• Lilium maculatum var. monticola H.Hara, now considered a synonym of Lilium maculatum var. maculatum

{{notelist}}

;Citations

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{citation|ref={{SfnRef|Arzate‐Fernández|Scott|Sten|Wells|2005}} |last1=Arzate‐Fernández |first1=A. M. |authorlink1= |last2=Miwa|first2=M. |authorlink2= |last3=Shimada |first3=T. |authorlink3= |last4=Yonekura |first4=T. |authorlink4= |last5=Ogawa|first5=K. |authorlink5= |title=Genetic diversity of Miyamasukashi‐yuri (Lilium maculatum Thunb. var. bukosanense), an endemic and endangered species at Mount Buko, Saitama, Japan |journal=Plant Species Biology |volume=20 |number=1 |date=2005 |url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2005.00124.x |pages=57–65 |doi=10.1111/j.1442-1984.2005.00124.x |url-access=subscription}}; Arzate‐Fernández et al. (2007) "[https://www.revistafitotecniamexicana.org/documentos/30-4/4a.pdf In vitro propagation of miyamasukashi-yuri (Lilium maculatum Thunb. var. Bukosanense), an endangered plant species]", Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 30 (4), pp. 373–379.

{{cite book|last=Brickell |first=Christopher |author-link= |title=Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers |publisher=Penguin |year=2019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZuxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA625 |page=625 |isbn=978-1-465-49896-0}}

{{cite book|author=Dai Nihon Nōkai |author-link=:ja:大日本農会 |title=Useful Plants of Japan Described and Illustrated |publisher=Agricultural Society of Japan |year=1895 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9dBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA27 |page=27}}

{{cite book|editor-last=Cullen |editor-first=James |editor-link= |editor-last2=Knees |editor-first2=Sabina G. |editor-link2= |editor-last3=Cubey |editor-first3=H. Suzanne |editor-link3= |editor-last4=Shaw |editor-first4=J. M. H. |editor-link4= |title=The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkxWrDqtWLQC&pg=PA94 |page=94 |isbn=978-0-521-76147-5}}

{{citation|last=Inoue|first=Ryūtarō |author-link= |title=Sukashi-Yuri (Lilium elegans Thunb.) and its Origin |journal=Lily Yearbook |publisher=Ryūtarō Inoue |year=1894 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/832642/122 |pages=5–}}

{{cite news|title=Miyamasukashi-yuri Ken zetsumetsu kigushu, kichō na sugata Bukōsan de satsuei Jisei kakunin wa nanajū-ku-nen irai |script-title=ja:ミヤマスカシユリ 県絶滅危惧種、貴重な姿 武甲山で撮影 自生確認は７９年以来 ／埼玉 |newspaper=Mainichi Shimbun |date=2016-08-16 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20160816/ddl/k11/040/140000c |version=local issue (Saitama)}}

{{cite journal|last=Miller |first=Wilhelm |author-link= |title=A Perfect Combination―Rhododendrons and Lilies |journal=Country Life in America |volume=12 |number=5 |date=September 1907 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Lc3dn8OkqEC&pg=PA534 |page=534 }}

{{cite book|last=Satake |first=Yoshisuke |author-link=:ja:佐竹義輔 |title=Nihon no yasei shokubutsu:sōmoku |script-title=ja:日本の野生植物: 草本 |publisher=Heibonsha |year=1981 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R40ZAQAAMAAJ&q=%22イワトユリ%22 |page=321 |isbn=978-4-876-45399-3}}

{{cite journal|last=Skinner |first=F. L. |author-link= |title=New Lilies From Manitoba |journal=The American Lily Year Book |publisher=American Horticultural Society |year=1946 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWQjAQAAIAAJ&q=%22unspotted%22+%22yellow%22 |page=106}}

}}

;Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite journal|last=Shimizu |first=M[oto'o] |author-link= |title=Sukashi-Yuri (Lilium elegans Thunb.) and its Origin |journal=Lily Yearbook |publisher=North American Lily Society |number=13 |year=1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3smAQAAMAAJ&q=%22sukashi-yuri%22 |pages=105–120}}
• "yuri ユリ", in {{cite dictionary|ref=|last= |first= |author-link= |title=Nihon shakai jii |script-title=ja:日本社會事彙 |volume=2 |publisher=Keizai zasshi-sha |year=1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP2116 |pages=2077–2083 |lang=ja}}, digested from Shin shikunshi (1901) .
• Seika-en Sanjin 精花園山人 "Hana-yuri 花百合", in {{citation|ref={{SfnRef|Shin shikunshi|1901}}|author=Shōkadō Shujin |author-link= |title=Shin shikunshi |script-title=ja:新四君子 |publisher=Tokyo Mita Ikushujyo |year=1901 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 |pages=63–140 |language=ja}}

{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q143662}}

maculatum

Category:Flora of Japan

Category:Plants described in 1794