Lilium philadelphicum

{{for|the flowering plant known as the speckled wood-lily|Clintonia umbellulata}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Lilium philadelphicum var. philadelphicum.jpg

| image_alt = Dark red flower with a few black spots towards the base of the six tepals

| image_caption =

| status = {{TNCStatus}}

| status_system = TNC

| status_ref = {{Cite NatureServe |date=3 January 2025 |id=2.129053 |title=Lilium philadelphicum |access-date=22 January 2025}}

| genus = Lilium

| species = philadelphicum

| authority = L.

| synonyms_ref = {{cite POWO |id=537725-1 |title=Lilium philadelphicum L. |access-date=22 January 2025}}

| synonyms = {{Species list

| Lilium andinum | Nutt.

| Lilium lanceolatum | T.J.Fitzp.

| Lilium masseyi | Hyams

| Lilium montanum | A.Nelson

| Lilium umbellatum | Pursh

| Lilium wansharicum | Duch.

}}

Lilium philadelphicum, also known as the wood lily,{{eFloras|1|242101743|Lilium philadelphicum |family=Liliaceae |first=Mark W. |last=Skinner}} flame lily,{{GRIN |access-date=2024-05-13}} Philadelphia lily, prairie lily, or western red lily, is a perennial species of lily native to North America.

Distribution

The plant is widely distributed in much of Canada from British Columbia to Quebec, and parts of the United States (Northeast and Great Lakes regions plus the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains).{{PLANTS |symbol=LIPH |taxon=Lilium philadelphicum |access-date=24 May 2016}}{{BONAP|ref |genus=Lilium |species=philadelphicum}}

Description

Lilium philadelphicum grows to a height of approximately 30 to 90 centimeters. It produces red or orange blooms between June and August.{{cite web | title = Plant detail: Lilium philadelphicum | url = http://www.evergreen.ca/nativeplants/search/view-plant.php?ID=00400 | publisher = Evergreen | year = 2008 | access-date = 2008-07-09}}

=Varieties=

Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum—western wood lily, native to Midwestern U.S., Great Plains, and Western U.S. regions.{{NPIN|LIPHA|Lilium philadelphicum}} It is the floral emblem of the province of Saskatchewan in Canada, and is on the flag of Saskatchewan.{{cite web|title=Government House Gardens Showcase Western Red Lily |url=http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=864f93b3-c3ac-4043-92ed-a2e87bea2507 |publisher=Government of Saskatchewan |date=2005-07-21 |access-date=2008-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611012230/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=864f93b3-c3ac-4043-92ed-a2e87bea2507 |archive-date=2011-06-11 }}{{cite web | title = Saskatchewan's Provincial Flower | url = http://www.ops.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=4265786e-9990-4a67-8dec-67cb3cc96849 | publisher = Government of Saskatchewan | access-date = 2008-07-09}}, designated in 1941.{{cite web | title = Saskatchewan | publisher = Government of Canada | date = 2013-08-20 | url = http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1363290315306 | access-date = 2015-07-18 }}

Conservation

Lilium philadelphicum is listed as an endangered species in Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee and North Carolina.{{cite web |title = Endangered Plants of North Carolina | url = http://ncnatural.com/wildflwr/endangrd.html#L | publisher = North Carolina Natural | date = February 2000 | access-date = 2008-07-09}} Its status is a threatened species in Kentucky and Ohio.

As the Saskatchewan provincial floral emblem, it is protected under the Provincial Emblems and Honours Act, and cannot be picked, uprooted or destroyed in any manner.

Toxicity

Cats are extremely sensitive to lily toxicity and ingestion is often fatal.[http://www.noliliesforcats.com/faq1.pml Frequently Asked Questions] No Lilies For Cats.{{cite journal | pmid = 21147474 | doi=10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006 | volume=25 | issue=4 | title=Lily toxicity in the cat | year=2010 | journal=Top Companion Anim Med | pages=213–7 | last1 = Fitzgerald | first1 = KT}}[http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/lilies/ Lilies] Pet Poison Helpline. Households and gardens that are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen that they then consume while cleaning. Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention.

Rapid treatment with activated charcoal and/or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases, vets may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival.[http://www.petmd.com/cat/emergency/poisoning-toxicity/e_ct_lily_poisoning Lily Poisoning in Cats]. Pet MD.

Traditional uses

The bulbs were eaten by some Native Americans.{{cite book |last1=Niering |first1=William A. |author-link1=William Niering| last2=Olmstead |first2=Nancy C. |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region |year=1985 |orig-year=1979|publisher=Knopf |isbn=0-394-50432-1 |page=602}}

Gallery

File:Lilium philadelphicum 5497349.jpg|Flower with foliage

File:Lilium philadelphicum 5473586.jpg|Side view of flower

File:Lilium philadelphicum 5473587.jpg|Immature flower

File:Rare Yellow Wood Lily (30603573588).jpg|Rare yellow form in Logan County, North Dakota, USA

File:20-01-001-lilium-philadelphicum.jpg|Exhibit at Callaway Gardens

References

External links

[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Lilium+philadelphicum University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Lilium philadelphicum]

philadelphicum

Category:Flora of Western Canada

Category:Flora of the Northeastern United States

Category:Flora of the North-Central United States

Category:Flora of the South-Central United States

Category:Flora of Alabama

Category:Flora of Arkansas

Category:Flora of Colorado

Category:Flora of Delaware

Category:Flora of Georgia (U.S. state)

Category:Flora of Kentucky

Category:Flora of Maryland