Lilli Henoch

{{Infobox sportsperson

| headercolor =

| name = Lilli Henoch

| image = Gedenktafel Askanischer Platz 6 (Kreuz) Lilli Henoch.jpg

| image_size = 200px

| caption = Memorial plaque at Askanischer Platz 6, in Kreuzberg

| birth_name =

| fullname =

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| nationality = German

| residence =

| birth_date = 26 October 1899

| birth_place = Königsberg, East Prussia, German Empire

| death_date = 8 September 1942

| death_place = Riga Ghetto, Reichskommissariat Ostland

| height =

| weight =

| website =

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| sport = Track and field

| event = Discus, long jump, shot put, 4 × 100 meters relay

| collegeteam =

| club = Berlin Sports Club;
Bar Kochba Berlin

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| retired =

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| worlds =

| regionals =

| nationals =

German national shot put champion (1922–25)
German national discus champion (1923 & 1924)
German national long jump champion (1924)
German national 4 × 100 meters relay champion (1924–26)

| olympics =

| paralympics =

| highestranking =

Discus world records (24.90 meters, 1922; 26.62 meters, 1923)
Shot put world record (11.57 meters, 1925)
4 × 100-meters relay record (50.4 seconds, 1926)

| pb =

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| show-medals =

}}

File:Stolperstein Treuchtlinger Str 5 (Schöb) Lilli Henoch.jpg in front of house at Treuchtlinger Straße 5, Berlin-Schöneberg]]

Lilli Henoch (26 October 1899 – 8 September 1942) was a German track and field athlete who set four world records and won 10 German national championships, in four different disciplines.{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/LilliHenoch.htm |title=Lilli Henoch |publisher=International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}}{{cite web |url=http://www.germanroadraces.de/274-1-10776-forgotten-records-exhibition-on-jewish-sports.html |title="Forgotten Records" – Exhibition on Jewish sports in track and field in the 1920s and 1930s |publisher=German Road Races – Ansicht |date=19 June 2009 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603223459/http://germanroadraces.de/274-1-10776-forgotten-records-exhibition-on-jewish-sports.html/ |url-status=dead }}

Henoch set world records in the discus (twice), the shot put, and the 4 × 100 meters relay events. She also won German national championships in the shot put four times, the 4 × 100 meters relay three times, the discus twice, and the long jump. She was Jewish, and during the Holocaust she and her mother were deported and shot by the Nazis in the Riga Ghetto in September 1943.

Early life

Henoch was Jewish, and was born in Königsberg, East Prussia (Germany).{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qpiphgls99IC&dq=Lilli+Henoch+jewish&pg=PA167 |title=The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame |author=Joseph M. Siegman |publisher= SP Books |isbn=978-1-56171-028-7|year=1992 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOTWUl-9LQoC&dq=henoch&pg=PA300 |title=Day by day in Jewish sports history |author=Bob Wechsler |publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=978-1-60280-013-7 |year=2008 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}{{cite news |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH1999/JSH2602/jsh2602e.pdf |author=Gertrud Pfister and Toni Niewirth |title=Jewish Women in Gymnastics and Sport in Germany; 1898–1938 |volume=26 |number=2 |work=Journal of Sport History |date=Summer 1999 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=7 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807220404/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH1999/JSH2602/jsh2602e.pdf |url-status=dead }} Her father, a businessman, died in 1912. She and her family moved to Berlin, and her mother subsequently remarried.

Track and field career

Henoch set world records in the discus, shot put, and—with her teammates—4 × 100 meters relay events.

Between 1922 and 1926, she won 10 German national championships: in shot put, 1922–25; discus, 1923 and 1924; long jump, 1924; and 4 × 100 meters relay, 1924–26.

After World War I, Henoch joined the Berlin Sports Club (BSC), which was approximately one quarter Jewish. She missed a chance to compete in the 1924 Summer Olympics, because Germany was not allowed to participate in the Games after World War I.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0KzECrIQDQC&dq=henoch&pg=PA107 |title=Jews and the Olympic Games: the clash between sport and politics: with a complete review of Jewish Olympic medalists |author=Paul Taylor |isbn=978-1-903900-88-8|publisher= Sussex Academic Press|year= 2004|accessdate=2 November 2011}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005680 |title=The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936 | The Holocaust; Persecution of Athletes |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |accessdate=8 April 2016}} In 1924, she trained the women's section in Bar Kochba Berlin. She was a member of the BSC hockey team, which won the Berlin Hockey Championship in 1925.

=Discus=

She set a world record in discus on 1 October 1922, with a distance of 24.90 meters. She bettered this on 8 July 1923, with a throw of 26.62 meters. She won the German national championship in discus in 1923 and 1924, and won the silver medal in 1925.{{cite web|url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&twu=1&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/94.html&usg=ALkJrhjBJaCa4_OXj1lbo-RQ_5MEBXt1mA |title=Athletics – German championships (Discus Throw – Women's) |publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}}

=Long jump=

In 1924, Henoch won the German Long Jump Championship, having won the bronze medal in the event the prior year.{{cite web|url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&twu=1&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/111.html&usg=ALkJrhhAjbWBBRe2YnsA9Lg08WhNiaPdFw |title=Athletics – German Championships (Long Jump – Women's) |publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}}

=Shot put=

On 16 August 1925 Henoch set a world shot put record with a throw of 11.57 meters. She won the German national championship in shot put in 1922–25, and won the silver medal in 1921 and 1926.{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/102.html&ei=S3ixTuqJO6Xs0gH-4pCcAQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGUQ7gEwCQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob |title=Athletics – German Championships (Shot Put – Women's)|publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}}

=4 × 100 meters relay=

In 1926, she ran the first leg on a 4 × 100 meters relay world record—50.40 seconds—in Cologne, breaking the prior record that had stood for 1,421 days by a full second.{{cite web|url=http://recordi.info-mix.info/Athletics/4x100_m_relay.htm |title=World Record Progression in Athletics: 4x100 m relay – men & women |publisher=info-mix.info |year=2009 |accessdate=2 November 2011}} She won the German national championship in the 4 × 100 meters relay in 1924–26.

=100 meter dash=

In 1924, she won the silver medal at 100 meters in the German national championships.{{cite web|url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522lilly%2Bhenoch%2522%2Bshot%2Bput%2B-purpura%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D581%26prmd%3Dimvnsob&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&twu=1&u=http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/l/leichtathletik/hst/72.html&usg=ALkJrhjGMx9D4Wa08ujzp_OB-DuEr5LAiw |title=Athletics – German Championships (100m Women) |publisher=www.sport-komplett.de |date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}}

=Post-Nazi-rise disruption of career=

After Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Henoch and all other Jews were forced to leave the membership of the BSC, by the Nazi's new race laws.{{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/world/berlin-ceremonies-mark-olympic-historys-darker-side-20080808-3s2j.html |title=Berlin ceremonies mark Olympic history's darker side |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=8 August 2008 |author= Simon Sturdee|accessdate=2 November 2011}} She then joined the Jüdischer Turn-und Sportclub 1905 (Jewish Gymnastics and Sports Club 1905), which was limited to Jews, for which she played team handball and was a trainer. She also became a gymnastics teacher at a Jewish elementary school.{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/henoch-lilli |title=Lilli Henoch; 1899–1942 |author= Gertrud Pfister|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|date= |accessdate=2 November 2011}}

Because she was Jewish, the German government did not allow her to participate in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Killing

The Nazi German government deported Henoch, her 66-year-old mother, and her brother to the Riga Ghetto in Nazi Germany-occupied Latvia on 5 September 1942, during World War II.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/21/sports/sports-of-the-times-the-world-outside-the-stadium.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=The World Outside the Stadium |work=The New York Times |date=21 July 1996 |author=Ira Berkow |accessdate=2 November 2011}} She and her mother were taken from the ghetto and shot by an Einsatzgruppen mobile killing unit in September 1942, along with a large number of other Jews taken from the ghetto. They were all buried in a mass grave near Riga, Latvia.{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Steve |url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/forgotten_olympians |title=The Forgotten Olympians |work=The Jewish Week |date=6 August 2004 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917182556/http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/forgotten_olympians |url-status=dead }} Her brother Max Henoch was deported to Auschwitz on 19 April 1943. He was then sent to Langentstein Zwieberge on 9 February 1945. He starved to death there and died on April 1945.

Hall of Fame and commemoration

Henoch was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nppaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qksDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625,726069&dq=henoch+shot+put&hl=en |title=5 New Names in Jewish Hall of Fame |author=Harvey Rosen |work=The Jewish Post & News |date=17 January 1990 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}

In 2008, a Stolperstein was installed in her honor in front of her former residence in Berlin.

References

External links

[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17460263.2010.481210#preview "Lilli Henoch and Martha Jacob – Two Jewish Athletes in Germany Before and After 1933"], by Berno Bahroa, Sport in History, Volume 30, Issue 2, pages 267–87, 2010

Category:1899 births

Category:1943 deaths

Category:Sportspeople from Königsberg

Category:Sportspeople from East Prussia

Category:Jewish German sportspeople

Category:German female shot putters

Category:German national athletics champions

Category:German female discus throwers

Category:German female long jumpers

Category:German female sprinters

Category:German female handball players

Category:20th-century German women