Line echo wave pattern

{{Short description|Weather radar formation}}

File:Line echo wave pattern.gifd repeatedly in a linear fashion]]

A line echo wave pattern (LEWP) is a weather radar formation in which a single line of thunderstorms presenting multiple bow echoes forms south (or equatorward) of a mesoscale low-pressure area with a rotating "head".{{cite book |editor=Glickman, Todd S. |editor-link=Todd Glickman |title = Glossary of Meteorology |publisher = American Meteorological Society |edition = 2nd |year = 2000 |url = http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Line_echo_wave_pattern |isbn = 978-1-878220-34-9 }} LEWP often are associated with a multiple-bow serial derecho{{cite web | url=https://www.weather.gov/iwx/20110419_lewp | title=Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes of April 19-20, 2011 | publisher=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Northern Indiana | date=April 24, 2011 | access-date=February 9, 2020 |author1=Obergfell |author2=Lashley |author3=Chamberlain }} and often produce tornadoes, some of which can be strong.{{cite web | url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/stormSummary/TorWx_3_18-23_2011/torwx_3_18-23.php | title=Waterspouts and Tornadoes March 2011 | publisher=National Weather Service Forecast Office (part of NOAA) | date=2011 | access-date=July 28, 2012}} The existence of a LEWP on radar means that a serial derecho has developed or is likely to develop soon, much as a hook echo indicates the same for a tornado.

== Formation ==

A LEWP, according to the NWS, is defined as "a squall line that has developed into a wave-like pattern due to acceleration at one end of the line and deceleration along the portion immediately adjacent."{{cite web | url=http://www.nwas.org/committees/avnwinterwx/doppler_weather_radar_overview.htm | title=Doppler Weather Radar Overview | publisher=NWAS | work=Echo Identification using NEXRAD: Line Echo Wave Pattern | access-date=July 28, 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404130516/http://www.nwas.org/committees/avnwinterwx/doppler_weather_radar_overview.htm | archive-date=April 4, 2014 }}

File:Illinois-LEWP.jpg]]

A LEWP is an extension of the concept of the bow echo, which usually indicates a powerful convective windstorm. Areas hit by the apices of bows often see the worst weather, with the highest winds and very heavy rain. However, if the sides of the bows reach enough of an orientation parallel to the derecho's movement, a very long-duration heavy rain event can result, leading to flash flooding. A serial derecho can be in the form of a LEWP or a single, very large bow echo.{{cite web | url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/?n=spotterglossary-figure4 | title=Line Echo Wave Pattern (LEWP) | publisher=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office | work=Norman, OK: Figure 4, LEWP | date=December 2, 2009 | access-date=July 28, 2012}} In theory, a LEWPs formation is dependent on varying environmental conditions in different regions of the respective LEWP. In many LEWPs, outflow induced winds behind the leading edge tend to influence this edge, appearing as a bulge in reflectivity on radar. Another conditional scenario is varying amounts of shear parallel and along the line.{{cite web|url=http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Line_echo_wave_pattern |title=Line echo wave pattern - Glossary of Meteorology |publisher=Glossary.ametsoc.org |date=2012-01-26 |accessdate=2022-08-12}}

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