Lingua sistemfrater
{{Short description|Constructed language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Multiple issues|{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{More footnotes|date=January 2021}}}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Lingua sistemfrater
|creator = Pham Xuan Thai
|created = 1957
|setting = International auxiliary language
|speakers =
|date =
|fam2 = International auxiliary language
|posteriori = A posteriori language with a predominantly Romance vocabulary and an Asian-based grammar
|iso3 = none
|glotto = none
}}
Lingua sistemfrater (English: Language of Brotherhood), also referred to as Frater, is an a posteriori international auxiliary language created by Vietnamese translator Phạm Xuân Thái{{Cite web |last=Kupsala |first=Risto |title=Yleismaailmallinen kieli |url=https://www.kupsala.net/risto/tekokieli/yleismaailmankieli.html#frater |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.kupsala.net |language=fi}} in 1957 as Frater (Lingua sistemfrater): The simplest International Language Ever Constructed. The language uses a largely Greco-Latin lexicon,{{Cite mailing list |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112211101/http://www.langmaker.com/Bartlett.htm#Frater |title=Frater: an IAL from Vietnam |date=30 March 1996 |mailing-list=Conlang-L |last=Barlett |first=Paul}} and an Asian-influenced grammar.{{Cite web |title=Votre langue est-elle prête à faire la révolution ? |url=https://www.stylist.fr/dans-un-monde-ideal-ce-mot-vous-ferait-gagner-au-scrabble,309741.asp |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Stylist.fr |language=fr}}
Frater was one of the (comparatively rare){{Cite book |last=Yaguello |first=Marina |title=Les langues imaginaires: mythes, utopies, fantasmes, chimères et fictions linguistiques |date=2006 |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |isbn=978-2-02-082364-7 |series=La couleur des idées |location=Paris |page=119}} international languages created in Asia,{{Cite web |last=Lamotte |first=Virginie |date=2007-04-23 |title=Des langues construites... pour mieux communiquer |url=http://www.nouvelle-europe.eu/des-langues-construites-pour-mieux-communiquer |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Nouvelle Europe |language=fr}} and had a vocabulary of more than 6,000 words.{{Cn|date=July 2023}}
Phonology and orthography
Frater used an orthography of eighteen letters from the Latin script: five vowels: a, e, i, o, u, and thirteen consonants: b, d, f, g, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, and t. These letters were enunciated as their pronunciations in the International Phonetic Alphabet, with the following exceptions:
- ⟨j⟩ is pronounced as [z];
- The letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ are pronounced as the diphthongs [ei] and [ou], respectively.
The stress is placed on the last syllable of the word; there are no silent letters.{{Cn|date=July 2023}}
Grammar
=Article=
There is no indefinite article or definite article.
=Personal Pronouns=
| class="wikitable" |
| rowspan="2" |
! colspan="5" align="center" | Singular ! colspan="3" align="center" | Plural |
|---|
| first
! second ! colspan="3" | third ! first ! second ! third |
| English
| align="center" | I | align="center" | you | align="center" | he | align="center" | she | align="center" | it | align="center" | we | align="center" | you | align="center" | they |
| Frater
| align="center" | mi | align="center" | ni | align="center" colspan="3" | ili | align="center" | mis | align="center" | nis | align="center" | ilis |
Possessives are formed by adding the preposition ot before the pronoun. Unlike English that distinguishes three genders for the third-person singular pronoun, the pronoun was invariable.
=Nouns=
The noun in Frater is invariable. Plurals can be formed by adding -multi (many) to the end of the noun:
mensa (table) - mensamulti (tables)
=Adjectives=
The adjective in Frater is invariable and is always placed after the noun; except for cardinal numbers.
| class="wikitable" |
| ! Frater
! colspan=2 | English |
|---|
| Comparative of superiority
| plus | more than |
| Comparative of inferiority
| plusne | colspan=2 | less than |
| Comparative of equality
| je | colspan=2 | as...as |
| Absolute superlative
| tele | colspan=2 | very |
| Superlative of superiority
| plasuni | colspan=2 | the most |
| Superlative of inferiority
| plasunine | colspan=2 | the least |
=Numbers=
The cardinal numbers in Frater:
1 - uni
2 - bi
3 - tri
4 - kuadri
5 - kuinti
6 - ses
7 - sep
8 - okta
9 - nona
10 - deka
11 - dekauni
12 - dekabi
13 - dekatri
20 - bideka
24 - bidekakuadri
30 - trideka
40 - kuadrideka
85 - oktadekakuinti
100 - senti
367 - trisenti-sesdeka-sep
600 - sessenti
1000 - mil
1000000 - milion
Ordinal numbers are formed by placing the cardinal number after the noun.
=Verbs=
The verb in Frater is invariable in person and in number.
| class="wikitable" |
| Grammatical form
! Frater ! colspan=2 | English |
|---|
| Infinitive
| ide | to think |
| Present
| Mi ide | colspan=2 | I think |
| Past
| Ni ide pas | colspan=2 | You thought |
| Future
| Ili ide futur | colspan=2 | He/she/it will think |
| Imperative
| Ide! | colspan=2 | Think! |
| Conditional
| Mis ide probable | colspan=2 | We would think |
The passive voice is formed by adding the auxiliary verb es before the infinitive:
Ilis es trauma (they are wounded).
=Syntax=
The syntax in Frater is: Subject - Verb - Object.
Questions are formed by placing the verb before the subject.
Interrogative words include: antropkia (who), kia (what), plaskia (where), temkia (when), prokia (why), kak (how), and multikia (how much; how many).
Example
=The Lord's Prayer=
For comparison the Lord's Prayer is provided in Frater, Glosa (a later auxiliary language with isolating grammar and Greco-Latin vocabulary), Latin and English.
| style="padding-left:1em" | Frater
{{lang|art-VI|Pater mis in sel, nam ni es santa, nasionroi ni aribe, desir ni es fakto, sur geo omo sin sel. Don mis jurdis pani jur mis. Perdon erormulti mis, omo mis perdon filone mis. Ne direk mis a proba, e libere mis ot benne.
| style="padding-left:1em" | Glosa {{lang|art-GB|Na patri in urani: na volu; tu nomina gene honora, tu krati veni e tu tende gene akti epi geo homo in urani. Place don a na nu-di na di-pani e tu pardo na plu Mali akti; metri na pardo mu; qi akti Mali a na. E ne direkti na a u proba; sed libe na ab Mali. Ka tu tena u krati, u dina e un eufamo pan tem. Amen.
| style="padding-left:2em" | Latin (Roman Missal)[https://www.scribd.com/doc/20881056/Missale-Romanum-2002 2002 edition]; [http://media.musicasacra.com/pdf/missale62.pdf 1962 edition, pp. 312−313] {{lang|la-VA|Pater noster qui es in caelis sanctificetur nomen tuum adveniat regnum tuum fiat voluntas tua sicut in caelo et in terra Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie et dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris et ne nos inducas in tentationem sed libera nos a malo}} | style="padding-left:2em" | English (1662 Anglican BCP){{cite web|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/book-common-prayer/order-morning-prayer|title=The Order for Morning Prayer|publisher=The Church of England's website|access-date=29 September 2020}} {{lang|en-emodeng|Our Father, which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name; Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven: Give us this day our daily bread; And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us; And lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from evil; {{Bracket|Doxology: }}For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, For ever and ever. Amen.}} |
References
{{Reflist}}
= Sources =
External links
- {{cite web|url=http://www.linguasistemfrater.mozello.com |title=Frater.com }} Official website (English, Esperanto, Interlingua)
- {{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/sistemfrater/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228032531/http://sites.google.com/site/sistemfrater/ |url-status=live |archive-date=28 February 2016 |title=Lingua Sistemfrater }}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/397567854/Pham-Xuan-Thai-Lingua-Sistemfrater-The-Simplest-International-Language-Even-Constructed |title=Lingua Sistemfrater: The Simplest International Language Ever Constructed }} (SCRIBD)
- {{cite web|url=https://frater.fandom.com/wiki/Frater_Wiki |title= Frater Wiki }}
Category:International auxiliary languages
Category:Constructed languages
Category:Constructed languages introduced in the 1950s
{{conlang-stub}}{{Constructed languages}}