Links of Noltland
{{Short description|Archaeological site in Orkney, Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
Links of Noltland is a large prehistoric settlement located on the north coast of the island of Westray in Orkney, Scotland. The extensive ruins includes several late Neolithic and early Bronze Age dwellings and is place of discovery of the Westray Wife figurine, uncovered during an excavation in 2009. Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1993.
Location
Links of Noltland is located south of the Bay of Grobust on the island of Westray in Orkney, Scotland. Close to the site is the Knowe of Queen o' Howe broch and further south is Noltland Castle.{{cite web |title=Knowe of Queen o'Howe, broch, Westray |url=https://ancientmonuments.uk/127534-knowe-of-queen-o-howe-broch-westray-north-isles-ward#.YwupnezMKu4 |website=Ancient Monuments |access-date=28 August 2022}} The site is threatened by erosion of the sand dunes.
Description
File:Westray Wife 20110529.jpg]]
The ancient settlement, dating from around 3300 BCE to 800 BCE, contains late Neolithic and Bronze Age structural ruins, now buried beneath sand dunes.{{cite web |title=Links of Notland: On the Island of Westray, Orkney |url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/links-of-noltland/ |website=Historic Environment Scotland |access-date=26 August 2022}} Excavations have revealed over 30 buildings of Neolithic and Bronze Age date,{{Cite web|title = Sands of Time: Domestic Rituals at the Links of Noltland|url = http://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/sands-of-time-domestic-rituals-at-the-links-of-noltland-2.htm|website = Current Archaeology|access-date = 2015-11-16|language = en-US}} the earliest of which overlaps in use with the Knap of Howar on the neighbouring island of Papa Westray, the oldest standing structure in NW Europe. During excavations between 1978 and 1981, large midden deposits, structural remains, and field walls, which indicated evidence of prehistoric cultivation and field boundaries, were uncovered. Among the finds in the western area of the site was a hearth and several red deer skeletons. In the eastern section of the archaeological site, was a large building which had survived to roof height. The structure included several separate rooms and compartments joined by passages.{{cite web |title=Westray, Links of Noltland |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/2790/westray-links-of-noltland |website=Canmore: National Record of the Historic Environment |access-date=11 August 2022}}{{cite web |title=Links of Noltland, settlements |url=https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM90337 |website=Historic Environment Scotland |access-date=11 August 2022}} In 2015, a substantial subterranean building dating from the Bronze Age was uncovered; this was very well preserved and is interpreted as a sweat-house or sauna.{{Cite web|title = News Article|url = http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/news/news_article.htm?articleid=47237|website = www.historic-scotland.gov.uk|access-date = 2015-11-16}}
In 2009, archaeological excavation uncovered a large building described as a "village hall". The structure overlooks the main settlement and would have been about {{convert|20|m|ft}} wide and had walls {{convert|3|m|ft}} thick. During this excavation, a 4 cm lozenge-shaped figurine that is believed to be the earliest representation of a human face ever found in Scotland, now known as the Westray Wife (or Orkney Venus) was discovered. {{cite news|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Orkney-Venus--closes-in.6364105.jp|title=Orkney Venus closes in on key prize 5,000 years after Neolithic creation|date=16 June 2010|publisher=The Scotsman|access-date=16 June 2010}} The face has two dots for eyes, heavy brows and an oblong nose and a pattern of hatches on the body could represent clothing. Archaeologist Richard Strachan described it at the time as a find of "astonishing rarity".
{{cite news
|last=Urquhart
|first=Frank
|date=21 August 2009
|title=Face to face with the 5,000-year-old 'first Scot'
|location=Edinburgh
|publisher=The Scotsman
|url=http://news.scotsman.com/latestnews/Face-to-face-with-the.5575575.jp
|accessdate=22 August 2009}} This is the oldest carving of a human found in the British Isles.{{cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/orkneyvenus|title=Orkney Venus|publisher=Historic Scotland|access-date=16 June 2010}} Further figurines were subsequently found at the site, in 2010 and in 2012, a situation described as "unprecedented" by Culture Minister Fiona Hyslop.{{cite news
|date=28 August 2012|title=Third 5,000-year-old figurine found at Orkney dig|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-19397929|accessdate=28 August 2012}}{{cite web |title=Second Orkney Venus found at Orkney dig |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-10676346 |website=BBC |access-date=26 August 2022}} Four figurines have been found, together with other artefacts.
Later excavations, along with geophysical and topographical surveys, have revealed additional structural remains, increasing the number of probable Neolithic buildings to six and the number of Bronze Age buildings to eight. Many Neolithic artefacts have been found, including polished stone axes, worked bone objects, and grooved ware pottery. {{cite web |last1=Sweeney |first1=Charlene |title=Orkney Dig Finds 5000 year old village hall |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/uk-travel/scotland-travel/orkney-dig-finds-5000-year-old-village-hall-cpwtj5pgq6h |website=The Financial Times |access-date=26 August 2022}}
Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1993. The site is in the care of Historic Scotland.Lewis, Caroline (December 2007) [http://www.culture24.org.uk/history+%2526+heritage/archaeology/megaliths+and+prehistoric+archaeology/art52775 "Archaeologists Find Mysterious Neolithic Structure in Orkney Links of Noltland Dig"] culture24.org.uk. Retrieved 23 November 2009 The excavations won 'Best Rescue Dig' of the year in the 2014 Current Archaeology awards.{{Cite web|title = Current Archaeology in the Press|url = http://www.archaeology.co.uk/current-archaeology-in-the-press|website = Current Archaeology|access-date = 2015-11-16|language = en-US}}
Several of the figurines and other artefacts from the site can be seen at Westray Heritage Centre and the excavation is open seasonally (free of charge).{{Cite web|title = Links of Noltland|url = https://www.facebook.com/Links-of-Noltland-618982478135822/|website = www.facebook.com|access-date = 2015-11-16}}
See also
Footnotes
{{reflist}}
{{commons category|Links of Noltland}}
{{Prehistoric Orkney}}
{{coord|59|19|34|N|3|00|21|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Links Of Noltland}}
Category:3rd-millennium BC architecture in Scotland
Category:Archaeological sites in Orkney
Category:Stone Age sites in Scotland
Category:Bronze Age sites in Scotland
Category:Historic Environment Scotland properties in Orkney