Lipoglycopeptide
{{Short description|Class of chemical compounds}}
{{Infobox drug class
| Image = File:Telavancin.png
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
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| Caption = Telavancin
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| Use = Antibiotic
| ATC_prefix = J01XA
| Mode_of_action = Bacterial cell wall disruption
| Mechanism_of_action = Inhibit peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase chain elongation
| Biological_target =
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Lipoglycopeptides are a class of antibiotic that have lipophilic side-chains linked to glycopeptides. The class includes oritavancin, telavancin and dalbavancin.{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1021/cr030103a| title = Glycopeptide and Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics| pmid = 15700951| year = 2005| last1 = Kahne| first1 = Dan| last2 = Leimkuhler| first2 = Catherine| last3 = Lu| first3 = Wei| last4 = Walsh| first4 = Christopher| journal = Chemical Reviews| volume = 105| issue = 2| pages = 425–448}}{{cite news |url=http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/news/infectious-diseases/single-article/fight-against-antimicrobial-resistance-recruiting-new-agents/e79fc1950e.html |title=Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance Recruiting New Agents |date=1 Feb 2011 }}
In September 2009 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved telavancin (Vibativ) for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI)
On May 23, 2014, the FDA approved dalbavancin (Dalvance), an injectable drug, administered intravenously in two doses one week apart.
On August 6, 2014, the FDA approved oritavancin (Orbactiv), an injectable drug administered as a single dose to comprise a full course of therapy.
Telavancin is the most potent of the three against Clostridium spp.{{cite journal|pmid=20426497 |title=New lipoglycopeptides: a comparative review of dalbavancin, oritavancin and telavancin |date=2010-05-07 |doi= 10.2165/11534440-000000000-00000|last1=Zhanel|first1=George G.|last2=Calic|first2=Divna|last3=Schweizer|first3=Frank|last4=Zelenitsky|first4=Sheryl|last5=Adam|first5=Heather|last6=Lagacé-Wiens|first6=Philippe R.S.|last7=Rubinstein|first7=Ethan|last8=Gin|first8=Alfred S.|last9=Hoban|first9=Daryl J.|last10=Karlowsky |first10=James A. |journal=Drugs|volume=70|issue=7|pages=859–886 |s2cid=207298905 |display-authors=8 }}
Approvals and clinical trials
Telavancin (once daily injection){{cite journal |author=Van Bambeke F. |title=Glycopeptides and glycodepsipeptides in clinical development: a comparative review of their antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy |journal=Curr Opin Investig Drugs |date=August 2006 |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=740–9 |pmid=16955686}} has completed 4 phase III trials.{{cite web | url=http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=telavancin&phase=2 | title=CTG Labs - NCBI }} and gained US FDA approval in September 2009 for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI).{{cite press release
| title = Theravance and Astellas Announce FDA Approval of Vibativ (telavancin) for the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections
| publisher = Theravance, Inc. and Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
| date = 2009-09-11
| url = https://www.drugs.com/newdrugs/theravance-astellas-announce-fda-approval-vibativ-telavancin-complicated-skin-skin-structure-1629.html
| access-date = September 16, 2009
}}
Oritavancin (once daily injection) has completed phase II and phase III trials.
{{Cite web|url=http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00514527|title = Nuvocid® (Oritavancin) at Single or Infrequent Doses for the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (SIMPLIFI)|date = 13 August 2008}}{{cite journal| author=Kmeid J, Kanafani ZA| title=Oritavancin for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: an evidence-based review. | journal=Core Evid | year= 2015 | volume= 10 | pages= 39–47 | pmid=25709561 | doi=10.2147/CE.S51284 | pmc=4334198 | doi-access=free }}{{cite journal|vauthors=Corey GR, Loutit J, Moeck G, Wikler M, Dudley MN, O'Riordan W, etal| title=Single Intravenous Dose of Oritavancin for Treatment of Acute Skin and Skin Structure Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Summary of Safety Analysis from the Phase 3 SOLO Studies. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2018 | volume= 62 | issue= 4 | pages= e01919–17| pmid=29358292 | doi=10.1128/AAC.01919-17 | pmc=5914007 }} Oritavancin was approved by the FDA on August 6, 2014, and by the EMA mid-2015, for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI).{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm408475.htm |title=FDA approves Orbactiv to treat skin infections |website=www.fda.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808234620/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm408475.htm |archive-date=2014-08-08}}{{cite web | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/orbactiv | title=Tenkasi (Previously Orbactiv) | date=17 September 2018 }}
Dalbavancin (once-weekly injection) was undergoing a phase II trial, due to end in 2003.{{Cite web|url=http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00057369|title = Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dalbavancin Versus Vancomycin in the Treatment of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections with Suspected or Confirmed Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens|date = 23 June 2005}} The FDA approved dalbavancin for use to treat MRSA infections in adults on May 23, 2014. Dalbavancin is intended to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by certain susceptible bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes. Dalbavancin is the first drug designated as a Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) to receive FDA approval. Under the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) title of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act, dalbavancin was granted QIDP designation because it is an antibacterial or antifungal human drug intended to treat serious or life-threatening infections. As part of its QIDP designation, dalbavancin was given priority review, which provides an expedited review of the drug's application. dalbavancin's QIDP designation also qualifies it for an additional five years of marketing exclusivity to be added to certain exclusivity periods already provided by the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.