List of Alaska Native inventors and scientists

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{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}

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The following list of Alaska Native inventors and scientists begins to document Alaska Natives with deep historical and ecological knowledge about system-wide health, knowledge that in many cases precedes and exceeds discoveries published in the scientific literature.{{Cite journal|last1=Cech|first1=Erin A.|last2=Metz|first2=Anneke|last3=Smith|first3=Jessi L.|last4=deVries|first4=Karen|date=2017-01-04|title=Epistemological Dominance and Social Inequality|journal=Science, Technology, & Human Values|volume=42|issue=5|pages=743–774|doi=10.1177/0162243916687037|s2cid=151488176|issn=0162-2439}}{{Cite journal|last1=Mistry|first1=J.|last2=Berardi|first2=A.|date=2016-06-09|title=Bridging indigenous and scientific knowledge|journal=Science|volume=352|issue=6291|pages=1274–1275|doi=10.1126/science.aaf1160|pmid=27284180|issn=0036-8075|bibcode=2016Sci...352.1274M|s2cid=206646704|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/55342/3/55342.pdf}}{{Cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Jay T.|last2=Howitt|first2=Richard|last3=Cajete|first3=Gregory|last4=Berkes|first4=Fikret|last5=Louis|first5=Renee Pualani|last6=Kliskey|first6=Andrew|date=2015-12-12|title=Weaving Indigenous and sustainability sciences to diversify our methods|journal=Sustainability Science|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1007/s11625-015-0349-x|s2cid=131199874|issn=1862-4065|doi-access=free}}

For more than century, Alaska Native naturalists have entered into collaborative relationships with scientists working in the field or in their communities (International Polar Year (IPY), Native Contributions to Arctic Science,{{Cite journal|last=Brewster|first=Karen|date=1997-01-01|title=Native Contributions To Arctic Science At Barrow, Alaska|journal=Arctic|volume=50|issue=3|doi=10.14430/arctic1109|issn=1923-1245|doi-access=free}} Barrow Arctic Research Center). Their many contributions extend from indigenous ways of knowing to practical and applied inventions needed to subsist from the land, air, and waters (Sharing Knowledge Smithsonian Exhibit).

As institutions strive to decolonize, indigenous-settler relationships remain contentious and marked by structural inequities. In the history of the New World, Old World explorers and settlers often relied for their survival on the knowledge and wisdom of indigenous peoples.{{Cite journal|last1=Brewer|first1=Joseph|last2=Kronk Warner|first2=Elizabeth Ann|date=2015|title=Guarding Against Exploitation: Protecting Indigenous Knowledge in the Age of Climate Change|journal=SSRN Working Paper Series|doi=10.2139/ssrn.2567995|issn=1556-5068}}

While this list focuses on individual biographies, there are many other collaborative projects (e.g., Barrow Arctic Research Center). In addition to recognizing community-based participatory research (CBPR), this list credits the organizations that develop and advocate for the education of future indigenous scientists and engineers, young scholars who will increase the number of indigenous scientists and engineers earning degrees. According to a 2019 report from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, fewer than 1% of bachelor’s degrees in science and engineering programs go to American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or other Pacific Islanders. These organizations include American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) and Alaska Native Science and Engineering Program (ANSEP), Recruitment and Retention of American Indians into Nursing (RRAIN), and Recruitment and Retention of Alaska Natives into Nursing (RRANN).

Inventors and scientists

class="wikitable sortable"

|+

!Name

!width=15em|Years

!Tribal

Affiliation

!Degree

Knowledge area

!width=18em|Citations

Billy Adams

|1965-

|Iñupiat

|Utqiagvik - NSB Department of Wildlife Management - extensive experience (30+ years) working with scientists, and continues to inform marine mammal and ice scientists

|{{Cite news|url=https://www.alaskapublic.org/2018/11/12/in-a-warming-arctic-october-in-utqiagvik-presents-an-especially-striking-picture/|title=In a warming Arctic, October in Utqiaġvik presents an especially striking picture|last=Koenig|first=Ravenna|date=November 12, 2018|work=Public Media: Alaska's Energy Desk|access-date=April 13, 2019}}

Harry Brower Sr.

|1924-1992

|Iñupiat

|See The Whales, they give themselves, and  Fifty More Year Below Zero:
Tributes and Meditations for the Naval Arctic Laboratory's first half century at Barrow, Alaska

|{{Cite journal|last=Bodenhorn|first=Barbara|date=2010-01-27|title=The Whales They Give Themselves: Conversations with Harry Brower, Sr., edited by Karen Brewster|journal=Arctic|volume=58|issue=2|doi=10.14430/arctic413|issn=1923-1245|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Albert|first=T. F.|date=2001|title=The influence of Harry Brower, Sr., an Iñupiaq Eskimo hunter, on the bowhead whale research program conducted at the UIC-NARL facility by the North Slope Borough. In Fifty More Years below Zero: A Life-Time of Adventure in the Far North|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=112|issue=1/3|pages=265–278|doi=10.2307/1789177|issn=0016-7398|jstor=1789177|s2cid=129759330}}{{Cite journal|last=Langlois|first=Krista|date=April 6, 2018|title=Why Scientists Are Starting to Care About Cultures That Talk to Whales|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science/talking-to-whales-180968698/|journal=Hakai Magazine}}{{Cite journal|last1=Quinlan|first1=Mary Kay|last2=Brower|first2=Harry|date=2006|title=Review of The Whales, They Give Themselves: Conversations with Harry Brower, Sr|journal=The Oral History Review|volume=33|issue=1|pages=144–146|issn=0094-0798|jstor=3675683|doi=10.1525/ohr.2006.33.1.144|s2cid=217487545}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.wohlforth.net/whaling.html|title=The Iñupiaq Supercomputer: What The Whale Hunters Know & Some Scientists Want To Discover|last=Wohlforth|first=Charles|date=2001|access-date=April 13, 2019}}

Patricia Longley Cochran

|

|Iñupiat

|

|{{Cite journal|last1=Chief|first1=Karletta|last2=Chischilly|first2=Ann Marie |last3=Cochran|first3=Patricia |last4=Durglo|first4=Mike |last5=Hardison|first5=Preston |last6=Hostler|first6=Joe |last7=Lynn|first7=Kathy |last8=Morishima|first8=Gary |last9=Motanic|first9=Don |date=2015 |title=Guidelines for Considering Traditional Knowledges in Climate Change Initiatives |journal=SSRN Working Paper Series|doi=10.2139/ssrn.2555299 |issn=1556-5068 |access-date=April 14, 2019 |url=https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=866105071122102093103090121081029075031054071045017087095110106101105007067069115109106101006099105006110084011119080096119103007082094092014080127108092022012075086090044076126013118076112120025023027068120001105098118119095092078088087070028025083097&EXT=pdf|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.anchoragepress.com/news/alaska-native-women-front-and-center/article_5c66b000-3f8f-11e9-bf3c-7bf69ff1f7ce.html |title=Alaska Native women – front and center |last=Tetpon|first=John |date=March 5, 2019 |work=Anchorage Press|access-date=April 13, 2019}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/canadian-arctic/alaska-native-science-commission.html |title=Alaska Native Science Commission |date=16 September 2018 |website=Climate Policy Watcher » Canadian Arctic |access-date=April 13, 2019}}

Stanley Edwin

|

|Gwich'in

|UAF - Atmospheric Sciences, Climatology - PhD

|{{cite thesis | url=https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/6822 | title=Climatology and Forcing Mechanisms of Funnel Clouds in Alaska | date=August 2016 | last=Edwin | first=Stanley | via=Scholarworks@UA, Electronic Resource Collection, Internet| type=Thesis }}{{Cite news|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&t=pubname%3AFDNB%21Fairbanks%2BDaily%2BNews-Miner%2B%2528AK%2529&sort=YMD_date%3AD&fld-base-0=alltext&maxresults=20&val-base-0=stanley%20edwin&docref=news/1511434E34084060#copy|title=Gwich'in man finds home in academia|last=Friedman|first=Sam|date=October 20, 2014|work=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner|access-date=2019-04-17}}{{Cite news|title=Destructive tornadoes unheard of in Alaska, but funnel clouds occasionally form|last=Friedman|first=Sam|date=July 2, 2018|work=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&t=pubname%3AFDNB%21Fairbanks%2BDaily%2BNews-Miner%2B%2528AK%2529&sort=YMD_date%3AD&fld-base-0=alltext&maxresults=20&val-base-0=%22stanley%20edwin%22&docref=news/16CE9577FA3FB670}}

Sven Haakanson

|1967-

|Alutiiq

|

|{{Cite book|title=Giinaquq Like a Face: Suqpiaq Masks of the Kodiak Archipelago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2009|isbn=9781602230491|editor-last=Haakanson Jr|editor-first=S.D.|editor-last2=Steffian|editor-first2=A. F.}}

Al Hopson, Sr. or Eben Hopson

|

|Iñupiat

|See Fifty More Year Below Zero: Tributes and Meditations for the Naval Arctic
Laboratory's first half century at Barrow, Alaska

|

Orville Huntington

|

|Athabaskan

|B.S. Wildlife Biology, Climate Change, Indigenous Knowledge, Subsistence, Alaska Native Corporations

|{{Cite journal|last1=Chapin|first1=F. Stuart|last2=Trainor|first2=Sarah F.|last3=Huntington|first3=Orville|last4=Lovecraft|first4=Amy L.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta |last5=Zavaleta|first5=Erika|last6=Natcher|first6=David C.|last7=McGuire|first7=A. David|last8=Nelson|first8=Joanna L.|last9=Ray|first9=Lily|date=2008-06-01|title=Increasing Wildfire in Alaska's Boreal Forest: Pathways to Potential Solutions of a Wicked Problem|journal=BioScience|volume=58|issue=6|pages=531–540|doi=10.1641/b580609|s2cid=13501721|issn=1525-3244|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Watson|first1=Annette|last2=Huntington|first2=Orville H.|date=2008-03-28|title=They're here—I can feel them: the epistemic spaces of Indigenous and Western Knowledges|journal=Social & Cultural Geography|volume=9|issue=3|pages=257–281|doi=10.1080/14649360801990488|s2cid=144252322|issn=1464-9365|url=http://rcin.org.pl/Content/59981}}

Paul John

|1929-2015

|Yup'ik

|

|{{Cite web|url=https://calricaraq.org/paul-john|title=Becoming The Healthiest People|last=Paul John Calricaraq Project|first=Yukon Kuskokwim Health Corporation}}{{Cite book|title=Stories for Future Generations / Qulirat Qanemcit-llu Kinguvarcimalriit: The Oratory of Yup'ik Elder Paul John|last=John|first=Paul|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=2003|isbn=9780295983509|editor-last=Fienup-Riordan|editor-first=Ann|location=Seattle|translator-last=Shield|translator-first=Sophie|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/storiesforfuture0000john}}{{Cite journal|last=Fienup-Riordan|first=Ann|date=1998|title=Yup'ik Elders in Museums: Fieldwork Turned on Its Head|journal=Arctic Anthropology|volume=35|issue=2|pages=49–58|issn=0066-6939|jstor=40316487}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.yupikscience.org/1intro/1-1.html|title=Yuungnaqpiallerput - The Way We Genuinely Live - Masterworks of Yup'ik Science|publisher=Calista Elders Corporation}}
book review{{Cite journal|last=Rasmus|first=S. Michelle|date=2004|title=Fienup-Riordan, Ann (ed.), 2003 Qulirat Qanemcit-llu Kinguvarcimalriit, Stories for Future Generations: The Oratory of Yup'ik Elder Paul John, Bethel, Calista Elders Council, and Seattle, University of Washington Press, stories translated by Sophie Shield, 778 pages. |journal=Études/Inuit/Studies |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=193–195 |doi=10.7202/012651ar |issn=1923-1245|doi-access=free }}

Teresa Arevgaq John

|

|Yup'ik

|

|{{Cite journal|last1=Parker Webster|first1=Joan|last2=John|first2=Theresa Arevgaq|date=2010|title=Preserving a space for cross-cultural collaborations: an account of insider/outsider issues |journal=Ethnography and Education|volume=5|issue=2|pages=175–191|doi=10.1080/17457823.2010.493404|s2cid=143889077|issn=1745-7823}}{{cite journal |last=John |first=T.A. |date=2009 |title=Nutemllarput, Our Very Own: A Yup'ik Epistemology |journal=Canadian Journal of Native Education |volume=32 |issue=1 |page=57}}{{Cite book|title=Communities of practice: An Alaskan Native Model for language teaching and learning.|last1=Parker Webster|first1=J.|last2=John|first2=T.|publisher=University of Arizona Press|year=2013|pages=73–100|chapter=On Becoming a “Literate” Person: Meaning Making with Multiliteracies and Multimodal Tools|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781317451013/chapters/10.4324/9781315697826-31|doi=10.4324/9781315697826|isbn=9781315697826|s2cid=129492550 }}{{Cite web|url=https://uaf.edu/cxcs/indigenousphd/faculty-and-staff/theresa-arevgaq-john/|title=Dr Theresa Arevgaq John {{!}} Center for Cross-Cultural Studies|website=uaf.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-04-18}}

Oscar Kawagley

|1934-2011

|Yup'ik

|traditional knowledge and science educator

|{{Cite journal|last=Marker|first=Michael|date=2015-01-29|title=Indigenous knowledge, indigenous scholars, and narrating scientific selves: "to produce a human being"|journal=Cultural Studies of Science Education|volume=11|issue=2|pages=477–480|doi=10.1007/s11422-015-9660-1|s2cid=145601831|issn=1871-1502}}{{Cite book|title=A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit |last=Kawagley|first=Angayuqaq Oscar|publisher=Waveland Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1577663843}}{{Cite journal|last1=Barnhardt|first1=Ray|last2=Kawagley|first2=Angayuqaq Oscar |date=2005 |title=Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Alaska Native Ways of Knowing |url=https://www.fws.gov/nativeamerican/pdf/tek-barnhardt-kawagley.pdf |journal=Anthropology and Education Quarterly|volume=36|issue=1|pages=8–23|doi=10.1525/aeq.2005.36.1.008}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n96093149/ |title=Kawagley, A. Oscar (Angayuqaq Oscar) 1934-2011|website=World Cat Identities}}

Della Keats

|1907-1996

|Iñupiat

|Healer, midwife

|

Joe Leavitt

|1959-

|Iñupiat

|Utqiagvik - extensive experience (40+ years) working as consultant with ice scientists.

|{{Cite news|url=https://www.alaskapublic.org/2013/06/14/ak-studying-sea-ice/|title=AK: Studying Sea Ice|last=Rettig|first=Molly|date=June 14, 2013|work=Alaska Public Media|access-date=April 13, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://jukebox.uaf.edu/site7/p/2064|title=Joe Leavitt|website=PROJECT JUKEBOX: Digital Branch of the University of Alaska Fairbanks Oral History Program|access-date=2019-04-17}}

Ilarion (Larry) Merculieff

|circa 1950

|Aleut

|

|{{Cite journal|last1=Archibald|first1=Jo-Ann|last2=Barnhardt|first2=Ray|last3=Cajete|first3=Gregory A.|last4=Cochran|first4=Patricia|last5=McKinley|first5=Elizabeth|last6=Merculieff|first6=Larry|date=2007-03-01|title=The work of Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley|journal=Cultural Studies of Science Education|volume=2|issue=1|pages=11–17|doi=10.1007/s11422-007-9048-y|issn=1871-1502|bibcode=2007CSSE....2...11A|s2cid=144637908}}{{Cite book|date=1995|editor-last=Shaw|editor-first=David|title=Our Common Shores and Our Common Challenge: Environmental Protection of the Pacific|doi=10.4027/ocsocc.1993|isbn=9781566120272|s2cid=39340828}}{{Cite journal|last1=Merculieff|first1=L.|last2=Roderick|first2=L.|date=2013|title=Stop Talking: Indigenous Ways of Teaching and Learning and Difficult Dialogues in Higher Education|journal=University of Alaska Anchorage }}

Simon Paneak

|1900-1975

|Iñupiat

|See Fifty More Year Below Zero: Tributes and Meditations for the Naval Arctic
Laboratory's first half century at Barrow, Alaska

|{{Cite book|title=In a hungry country: essays by Simon Paneak|last=Campbell|first=J.M.|publisher=University of Alaska Press|year=2004|location=Fairbanks}}{{Cite journal|last1=Irving|first1=Laurence|last2=West|first2=George C.|last3=Peyton|first3=Leonard J.|last4=Paneak|first4=Simon|date=1967|title=Migration of Willow Ptarmigan in Arctic Alaska|journal=Arctic|volume=20|issue=2|pages=77–85|doi=10.14430/arctic3284|issn=1923-1245|doi-access=free}}{{Cite book|date=1998-11-01|title=North Alaska chronicle: notes from the end of time: the Simon Paneak drawings}}{{Cite journal|last=Irving|first=Laurence|date=1953-01-01|title=The Naming of Birds by Nunamiut Eskimo|journal=Arctic|volume=6|issue=1|doi=10.14430/arctic3864|issn=1923-1245|doi-access=free}}

Peter Sovalik

|1910-1977

|Iñupiat

|An Original Arctic Naturalist, by Robert E. Henshaw and Max C. Brewer 2001

|{{Cite journal|last1=Folk|first1=G. Edgar|last2=Folk|first2=Mary A.|last3=Minor|first3=Judy J.|date=1972|title=Physiological Condition of Three Species of Bears in Winter Dens|journal=Bears: Their Biology and Management|volume=2|pages=107–124|doi=10.2307/3872574|issn=1936-0614|jstor=3872574}}{{Cite book|title=Ukpiglu kayuqtuglu: The owl and the red fox.|last=Sovalik|first=Peter|publisher=Inupiat Material Development Center, Barrow School|year=1977|location=Barrow, AK}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21482156/the_legacy_of_alaskas_native/|title=The legacy of Alaska's Native naturalists|last=Brewer|first=Max|date=16 Feb 1976|work=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, Page 4|access-date=April 13, 2019}}{{Cite journal|last=Maher|first=William J.|date=1960-01-01|title=Recent Records of the California Grey Whale (Eschrichtius glaucus) Along the North Coast of Alaska|journal=Arctic|volume=13|issue=4|doi=10.14430/arctic3705|issn=1923-1245|doi-access=free}}{{Cite web|url=http://akgenweb.com/northslope/vitals/deathrecordsl.html|title=Deaths L-Z - North Slope AKGenWeb|website=akgenweb.com|access-date=2019-04-18}}

Tina Marie Woods

|

|Aleut

|Ph.D. in Clinical-Community Psychology with a Rural Indigenous Emphasis from the University of Alaska Anchorage. Worked within the Alaska Tribal Health System for over 15 years, with much time administering the Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association.

|{{Cite news|url=https://www.adn.com/features/sponsored-content/2016/05/23/high-school-dropout-to-ph-d-one-alaska-native-scholars-path/|title=High school dropout to Ph.D.: One Alaska Native scholar's path|last=Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium|date=May 24, 2016|work=Anchorage Daily News|access-date=April 12, 2019}}{{Cite journal|last1=Woods|first1=Tina Marie|last2=Zuniga|first2=Ruth|last3=David|first3=E. J.|date=2012-03-02|title=A Preliminary Report on the Relationships Between Collective Self-Esteem, Historical Trauma, and Mental Health among Alaska Native Peoples|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/kicjir/vol1/iss2/1|journal=Journal of Indigenous Research|volume=1|issue=2}}{{Cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=Jordan|last2=Woods|first2=Tina Marie|last3=Zuniga|first3=Ruth|last4=David|first4=E. J. R.|date=August 2010|title=The Indigenous Peoples of Alaska: Appreciating the Role of Elders in Shifting Toward a Strength-Based and Culturally-Appropriate Approach to Mental Health|url=https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/communique/2010/08/august-special.pdf|journal=Communique|pages=23–27}}

Native science organizations

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Resources

  • Brower, H., & Brewster, K. (2004). The whales, they give themselves: Conversations with Harry Brower, Sr (No. 4). Univ of Alaska Pr.
  • {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19990427135839/http://www.ebenhopson.com/ Eben Hopson Memorial Archives:]}} Celebrate the life and leadership of the late Eben Hopson
  • [http://jukebox.uaf.edu/site7/seaice Sea Ice Project Jukebox] (This project includes oral history recordings of residents of northern Alaska talking about sea ice conditions, observations over time, and changes that are occurring. The collection includes archival interviews recorded from 1978 to 1980 as part of a study related to potential offshore oil development, and from 2008-2009 as part of a Geophysics Ph.D. project about sea ice thickness along spring whaling trails offshore of Utqiaġvik (Barrow)).
  • Sturm, M. (2002). Fifty More Years below Zero: Tributes and Meditations for the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory's First Half Century.

Category:Alaska Native inventors and scientists

inventors and scientists