List of Spanish inventors and discoverers

{{See also|Category:Spanish scientists|Category:Spanish engineers|Category:Spanish inventors}}

File:Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) portrait (restored).jpg fathered modern neuroscience and was the first person of Spanish origin to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1906). ]]This is a list of inventors and discoverers who are of Spanish origin or otherwise reside in continental Spain or one of the country's oversees territories.

A

José de Acosta (1540–1600), one of the first naturalists and anthropologists of the Americas.{{cite book |last1=Corsini |first1=Raymond J. |title=The dictionary of psychology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0uxnglHzYaoC&pg=PA10 |access-date=14 March 2012 |year=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-1-58391-328-4 |page=10}}
Andrés Alcázar (1490-1585), neurosurgeon and anatomist, designed new tools for surgical treatments.{{Cite web | url=http://www.aache.com/alcarrians/alcazar.htm | title=Andrés Alcázar, neurocirujano del Renacimiento}}
José María Algué (1856–1930), meteorologist, inventor of the barocyclometer, the nephoscope, and the microseismograph.Walsh, James J. [https://archive.org/stream/ahz9181.0001.001.umich.edu#page/n1/mode/2up Science in the Philippines], New York.Warren, James Francis (2009). "Scientific Superman: Father José Algué, Jesuit Meteorology, and the Philippines under American Rule, 1897-1924." In Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State, Part VIII, University of Wisconsin Press.
José Antonio de Artigas Sanz (1887–1977), created luminescence with noble gases.
Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont (1553–1613), registered a design for a steam-powered water pump for use in mines.{{cite book|last=Garcia|first=Nicholas|title=Mas alla de la Leyenda Negra|year=2007|publisher=Universidad de Valencia|location=Valencia|isbn=9788437067919|pages=443–454}}
José Luis Ayuso Fernández (1897-1992), inventor, engineer, mechanic, electrician and cinematographic projectionist. He was a pioneer in sound film industry, inventing one of the first systems to synchronize sound and video in films.

B

Ignacio Barraquer (1884–1965), leading ophthalmologist, pioneer of cataract surgery.{{Cite web|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2983.html|title=Ignacio Barraquer Barraquer|website=www.whonamedit.com}}
José Ignacio Barraquer (1916–1998), leading ophthalmologist, father of modern refractive surgery, he invented the microkeratome and the cryolathe, developed the surgical procedures of keratomileusis and keratophakia.{{Cite web|url=https://ascrs.org/Awards/Jose-I-Barraquer-MD.cfm| title=José I. Barraquer, MD (deceased) | website=ascrs.org | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109074005/https://ascrs.org/Awards/Jose-I-Barraquer-MD.cfm | archive-date=2008-11-09}}[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1311630&blobtype=pdf PubMed Central]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Juan Pablo de Bonet (1573-1633), pioneer of education for the deaf, he published Reducción de las letras y arte para enseñar a hablar a los mudos ("Summary of the letters and the art of teaching speech to the mute") in 1620 in Madrid, the first modern treatise of sign language phonetics, setting out a method of oral education for deaf people and the first recognizable sign language alphabet.{{Cite web | author=Pablo Bonet, J. de | year=1620 | title=Reduction de las letras y Arte para enseñar á ablar los Mudos | publisher=Abarca de Angulo | location=Madrid | url=http://fondosdigitales.us.es/fondos/libros/91/8/reduction-de-las-letras-y-arte-para-ensenar-a-ablar-los-mudos/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172251/http://fondosdigitales.us.es/fondos/libros/91/8/reduction-de-las-letras-y-arte-para-ensenar-a-ablar-los-mudos/ | archive-date=2011-07-18 }}, online (spanish) scan of book, held at University of Sevilla, Spain{{cite web | url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/72993/Juan-Pablo-Bonet | title=Juan Pablo Bonet | Deaf Education, Sign Language & Alphabet | Britannica }}

C

File:Pitcairn Autogiro NASA GPN-2000-001990.jpg autogyro, build in the U.S. under Cierva license, 1961.]]

Ángel Cabrera (1879–1960), naturalist, investigated the South-American fauna.[http://www.paleonet.com.ar:8080/biografias/acabrera/acabrera.html Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050503091834/http://www.paleonet.com.ar:8080/biografias/acabrera/acabrera.html |date=2005-05-03 }} {{in lang|es}}
Nicolás Cabrera (1913–1989), physicist, did important work on the theories of crystal growth and the oxidisation of metals.[http://www.uam.es/otroscentros/inc/inc/nicolas_cabrera_biografia_eng.html Remembering Cabrera]{{Cite web|url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0953-8984/14/24/000|title=Journal of Physics}}
Celedonio Calatayud (1880-1931) pioneered the use of radiology and electrology in Europe for both diagnostics and therapeutical purposes, introducing radiotherapy in Spain in 1906.[http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/datos1/numeros/internet/Madrid/Esfera,%20La%20(Madrid.%201914)/1918/191812/19181228/19181228_00261.pdf?#search=%22Calatayud%22 Spanish National Library - La Esfera, December 28, 1918]
Manuel Cardona Castro (1934-2014), physicist, researched superconductivity and the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a semiconductor material.{{cite web|url= http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761592131/Manuel_Cardona_Castro.html|title= Manuel Cardona Castro|access-date= 17 September 2009|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080312021732/http://es.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761592131/Manuel_Cardona_Castro.html|archive-date= 12 March 2008}}
Julio Cervera Baviera (1854-1927), engineer, pioneer in the development of radio, educator, explorer, and military man. He established the second and third regular radiotelegraph service in the history of the world in 1901 and 1902 by maintaining regular transmissions between Tarifa and Ceuta for three consecutive months, and between Javea and Ibiza. Some consider him the actual inventor of the radio.{{Cite web | url=http://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/cronica/2005/524/1130623206.html | title=- EL MUNDO | Suplemento cronica 524 - EL ESPAÑOL QUE INVENTO LA RADIO}}{{Cite web | url=http://www.trafficlist.net/from-spain-ro-arturo-recio-sent-a-piece-of-the-history-of-the-radio/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629175952/http://www.trafficlist.net/from-spain-ro-arturo-recio-sent-a-piece-of-the-history-of-the-radio/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 29, 2015 | title=Radio Officers | from Spain R/O Arturo RECIO sent a piece of the RADIO history…a new despute??}}
Juan de la Cierva (1895–1936), aeronautical engineer, pioneer of rotary flight, inventor of the autogyro.{{Cite web |url=http://www.vectorsite.net/avheli_1.html#m4 |title=Vector Flight |access-date=2014-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205181430/http://www.vectorsite.net/avheli_1.html#m4 |archive-date=2012-02-05 |url-status=usurped }}
Juan de la Cierva y Hoces (1929-2020) Inventor of the optical stabilizer and a founder of the company Dynalens.
Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain (born 1965), one of the pioneers of the field of quantum computing and quantum information theory.{{Cite web |url=http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/tlfu/ing/home/index.jsp |title=BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards |access-date=2014-04-18 |archive-date=2017-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606162608/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/tlfu/ing/home/index.jsp |url-status=dead }}
Josep Comas i Solà (1868–1937), astronomer, discovered the periodic comet 32P/Comas Solá and 11 asteroids, and in 1907 observed limb darkening of Saturn's moon Titan (the first evidence that the body had an atmosphere).Baedeker's Barcelona Peter M. Nahm, Automobile Association (Great Britain) - 1992 "Josep Comas i Solà (1868–1937) Born in Barcelona, Josep Comas i Sola soon made his mark as an astronomer; he was only fifteen when he published an article in a French specialist magazine. "
Avelino Corma Canós (born 1951), chemist, distinguished for his world-leading work on heterogeneous catalysis, developed catalysts that are being used commercially in several industrial processes.{{cite web|title=Corma, el químico español de las 100 patentes|url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20140528/avelino-corma-quimico-espanol-100-patentes/944222.shtml|website=RTVE.es|publisher=RTVE|access-date=29 October 2014|date=2014-05-28}}

D

Francisco Díaz de Alcalá (1527-1590), urologist and doctor, wrote the first treatises on diseases of the bladder, kidneys, and urethra; he is generally regarded as the founder of modern urology.{{cite web | url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/161908/Francisco-Diaz | title=Francisco Diaz | Spanish physician | Britannica }}

E

Fausto de Elhúyar (1755–1833), chemist, joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Juan José de Elhúyar in 1783.{{cite journal | last1 = Schufle | first1 = Joseph A. | title = Juan Jose D'Elhuyar, Discoverer of Tungsten | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | volume = 52 | pages = 325 | year = 1975 | doi = 10.1021/ed052p325.1 | issue = 5 | bibcode = 1975JChEd..52..325S }}

F

Carlos Fernández Casado (1905–1988), civil engineer, designer and builder of bridges and viaducts.{{in lang|es}} Javier Manterola Armisén (1988). <>. Revista de Obras Públicas nº 135, pp. 1013-1026.
Jaime Ferrán (1852–1929), doctor and researcher, creator of several vaccines against diseases including cholera and tuberculosis.P. FAUS SEVILLA, El cólera de 1885 en Valencia y la vacunación Ferrán, en Medicina y Sociedad en la España del s. XIX, Madrid 1964, 285-486. {{in lang|es}}

G

Blasco de Garay, introduced the paddlewheel as a substitute for oars
Manuel García (1805-1906) singer, music educator, and vocal pedagogue, inventor of the first laryngoscope.{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rspl.1854.0094|first=Manuel |last=García|title=Observations on the Human Voice|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=7|pages=399–410|year=1855|issue=60 |jstor=111815|pmid=30163547 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6PYNM7RNwkC&pg=PA399 |access-date=28 August 2010 |author-link=Manuel Patricio Rodríguez García|pmc=5180321}}
Antoni de Gimbernat, (1734–1816), surgeon and anatomist, described in detail the anatomy of the inguinal and femoral regions of the human body and laid the groundwork for modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair. The lacunar ligament is named after him.Arráez-Aybar, LA & Bueno-López, JL. (2013). Antonio Gimbernat y Arbós: An Anatomist-surgeon of the Enlightenment (In the 220th Anniversary of his A New Method of Operating the Crural Hernia). Clinical Anatomy 26:800–809[http://www.sohah.org/zona-socios/historia-de-la-hernia/antonio-de-gimbernat-y-arbos-1734-1816/ Antonio de Gimbernat y Arbós (1734–1816)]. Sociedad Hispanoamericana de Hernia
Alejandro Goicoechea Omar (1895-1984), engineer, worked for and co-founded Talgo company, where he developed the Talgo trains famous design.{{Cite web|url=http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/66653|title = Goicoechea Omar, Alejandro - Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia}}
Fernando Gallego Herrera, (1901-1973), civil engineer and aviator, noted for improved bridge design, an improved method for undersea tunnel construction, plans for the use of compressed air for vertical take off of aircraft in the 1930s, and the modernization of the Panama Canal.

H

Francisco Hernández (1514–1587), botanist, carried out important research about the Mexican flora.{{cite journal |last1= Acuna-Soto|first1= Rodolfo|first2= David W. |last2=Stahle |first3=Malcolm K. |last3=Cleaveland |first4=Matthew D. |last4=Therrell|date=October{{ndash}}December 2002|title= Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico|journal= Revista Biomédica

|volume= 13|issue= 4 |pages= 282–289|doi= 10.3201/eid0804.010175|issn= 0188-493X|access-date= September 7, 2012|url=http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revbio/bio-2002/bio024h.pdf|pmid= 11971767|pmc= 2730237}}

{{cite journal |author=Thomas M. Whitmore |date=2003 |title=Many Died, But Many Lived: Mann's Revelations About an American Tragedy |journal=Geographical Review |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=502–505 |doi= 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2006.tb00273.x|s2cid=162976724 }}
Juan de Herrera (1530-1597), architect, mathematician and geometer, designed the construction plans of El Escorial and the Cathedral of Valladolid among others and created a compass to measure length and width and a machine to cut iron.{{cite web | url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/263711/Juan-de-Herrera | title=Juan de Herrera | Renaissance, Mannerism, Royal Projects | Britannica }}
Bartolomé Hidalgo Agüero (1530-1597), doctor, developed, described and evaluated a revolutionary healing method for stab wounds [http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/illustrating/articles/bartolome-hidalgo-de-agueros-16th-century-evidence-based-challz Unknown]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Juan Huarte de San Juan (1529–1588), physician and psychologist, his Examen de ingenios para las ciencias was the first attempt to show the connexion between psychology and physiology.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Huarte de San Juan, Juan|volume=13|page=845}}

H

Carlos Jiménez Díaz (1898–1967), doctor and researcher, leading figure in pathology.Viviane Quirke, Judy Slinn, Perspectives on Twentieth-century Pharmaceuticals (2010), p. 94.

L

Rodrigo López de Segura (1540-1580), humanist and chess player, wrote one of the first definitive books about modern chess in Europe: Libro de la invencion liberal y arte del juego del axedrez.Ruy López de Segura, [http://bibliotecadigitalhispanica.bne.es:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=3158910&custom_att_2=simple_viewer Libro de la invención liberal y arte del juego del ajedrez...], Alcalá de Henares, Andrés de Angulo, 1561. [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/3158910 Ficha en la Biblioteca Digital Hispánica de la BNE].
Emilio Herrera Linares (1879-1967), military engineer and physicist, designed a pressurized space suit for stratospheric flights (escafandra estratonáutica), precedent of the modern space suits.{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/escutica.htm |title=Escafandra Estratonautica |access-date=2013-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522143849/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/escutica.htm |archive-date=2013-05-22 }}
José Luis López Gómez (1941-) is an engineer and inventor, with several patents relating to high speed trains.

M

Gregorio Marañón (1887–1960), doctor and researcher, leading figure in endocrinology.{{Cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/humanismo7/biografia.htm|title=Biografia de Gregorio Marañon|date=October 27, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027014439/http://es.geocities.com/humanismo7/biografia.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 }}
Narcís Monturiol (1818–1885), physicist and inventor, pioneer of underwater navigation and the first successful machine powered submarine.Cargill Hall, R. (1986). History of rocketry and astronautics: proceedings of the third through the sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics, Volumen 1. NASA conference publication. American Astronautical Society by Univelt, p. 85. {{ISBN|0-87703-260-2}}[http://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2008/08/submarines-1.html A steam powered submarine: the Ictíneo] Low-tech Magazine, 24 August 2008
José Celestino Bruno Mutis (1732–1808), botanist, doctor, philosopher and mathematician, carried out relevant research about the American flora, founded one of the first astronomic observatories in America (1762).{{cite web|title=Jose Celestino Mutis|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10659b.htm|access-date=3 April 2013}}
Aureliano Maestre de San Juan (1828-1890), scientist, histologist, physician and anatomist credited as being one of the first scientists to recognize the disorder known as Kallmann syndrome.{{cite journal|last=Maestre de San Juan|first=Aureliano|title=Teratolagia: falta total de los nervios olfactorios con anosmia en un individuo en quien existia una atrofia congenita de los testiculos y miembro viril.|journal=El Siglo Médico|year=1856|volume=3|pages=211–221}}

O

Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), doctor and biochemist, achieved the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), Nobel prize Laureate (1959).{{cite news| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 |author=Nobelprize.org|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/ochoa-bio.html}}
Federico Olóriz Aguilera, (1855-1912), doctor, created the primary fingerprint classification system used in Portugal and Spain prior to the use of computer filing systems.{{Cite web |url=http://www.fprints.nwlean.net/o.htm |title=Michele Triplett's Fingerprint Dictionary |access-date=2015-02-22 |archive-date=2015-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222221129/http://www.fprints.nwlean.net/o.htm |url-status=dead }}
Mateu Orfila (1787–1853), doctor and chemist, father of modern toxicology, leading figure in forensic toxicology.{{cite web|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/galleries/biographies/orfila.html |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |title=Biography of Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787–1853)}}
Joan Oró (1923–2004), biochemist, carried out important research about the origin of life, he worked with NASA on the Viking missions.Michael Mark Woolfson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JYH0L2tLYpcC Time, Space, Stars & Man: The Story of the Big Bang]. World Scientific; 2013. {{ISBN|978-1-84816-933-3}}. p. 383.

P

File:Isaac Peral buena.jpg

Julio Palacios Martínez (1891–1970), physicist and mathematician.Armando Duran [http://elpais.com/diario/1991/04/24/sociedad/672444013_850215.html « Julio Palacios- En el centenario del nacimiento del fisico espanol »] El Pais, 14 abril 1991 {{in lang|es}}
Isaac Peral (1851–1895), engineer and sailor, designer of the first fully operative military submarine, with electric propulsion making full propulsion feasible.{{cite book | last = Humble | first = Richard | title = Undersea warfare | publisher = Chartwell Books | location = Secaucus, N.J | year = 1981 | isbn = 0-89009-424-1 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/underseawarfare0000humb |page=174}}
Juan Tomás Porcell (1528-1580), doctor and anatomist, carried decisive research on the Black Death and wrote influential treaties of epidemiology.{{Cite web | url=http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=10340 | title=Porcell, Juan Tomás - Página de voz - Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa OnLine | access-date=2015-02-24 | archive-date=2014-10-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028004821/http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=10340 | url-status=dead }}

R

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), father of Neuroscience, Nobel prize Laureate (1906).{{cite web |title=History of Neuroscience |publisher=Society for Neuroscience |url=http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=HistoryofNeuroscience_main |access-date=2008-10-09 |archive-date=2008-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515121003/http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=HistoryofNeuroscience_main |url-status=dead }}
Julio Rey Pastor (1888–1962), mathematician, focusing on geometry.{{Cite web | url=http://www.residencia.csic.es/jae/en/protagonistas/41_c.htm | title=Julio Rey Pastor | website=www.residencia.csic.es | first=Ana | last=Romero de Pablos}}
Wifredo Ricart (1897–1974), engineer, designer and executive manager in the automotive industry.Eric Dymock, "Postwar sports cars. The modern classics".
Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), geologist and chemist, discovered vanadium (as vanadinite) in 1801.{{cite journal|title = The Road to Chemical Names and Eponyms: Discovery, Priority, and Credit|author = Cintas, Pedro|journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition|volume = 43|issue = 44|year = 2004|pmid = 15376297|doi = 10.1002/anie.200330074|pages = 5888–94}}
Pío del Río Hortega (1882–1945), neuroscientist, discoverer of the microglia or Hortega cell.{{cite web|title=Pio del Rio Hortega|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1725960/Pio-del-Rio-Hortega|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=18 December 2012}}
Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente (1928–1980), naturalist, leading figure in ornithology, ethology, ecology and science divulgation.[http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/436591/0/felix/rodriguez/fuente/ El impresionante mundo de Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente] 14 December 2008 20 minutos {{in lang|es}}
Ángela Ruiz Robles (1895-1975) teacher, writer and inventor, inventor of a mechanical precursor to the electronic book.Gaceta de la Actualidad Técnica. Year II, No. 14, September 1955

S

File:Michael Servetus.jpg

Margarita Salas (1938-2019), biochemist and molecular geneticist, who discovered the order in which messenger RNA is read, as well S Φ29 phage DNA polymerase, of major use in DNA amplification. {{Cite web|url=http://www.sibi.org/ingles/sib/doc/curr/ms.htm|title=Prof. Margarita Salas Falgueras|work=sibi.org|access-date=9 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724144630/http://www.sibi.org/ingles/sib/doc/curr/ms.htm|archive-date=24 July 2011}}
Mónico Sánchez Moreno (1880-1961), electrical engineer, inventor and industrialist; early developer of high frequency electrical conduction equipment, mobile telephony, radiology, electrotherapy and inventor of the first portable X-ray machine in 1909.{{Cite web |url=http://esmateria.com/2013/05/19/el-nino-pobre-que-desarrollo-telefonos-moviles-hace-un-siglo/ |title=El niño pobre que desarrolló teléfonos móviles hace un siglo |access-date=3 June 2013 |last=Ansede |first=Manuel |date=19 May 2013 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114237/http://esmateria.com/2013/05/19/el-nino-pobre-que-desarrollo-telefonos-moviles-hace-un-siglo/ |url-status=dead }}
Miguel Servet (1511–1553), known in English by his Latin name of Michael Servetus, scientist, surgeon and humanist; first European to describe pulmonary circulation.2011 "The love for truth. Life and work of Michael Servetus", (El amor a la verdad. Vida y obra de Miguel Servet.), printed by Navarro y Navarro, Zaragoza, collaboration with the Government of Navarra, Department of Institutional Relations and Education of the Government of Navarra, 607 pp, 64 of them illustrations, p 215-228 & 62nd illustration (XLVII)
Luis Simarro Lacabra (1851–1921), psychiatrist; developed a silver bromide modification of Camillo Golgi's silver chromate technique.{{Cite web | url=http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/simarro/ | title=Legado L.Simarro | access-date=2015-02-22 | archive-date=2015-01-31 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131160916/http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/simarro/ | url-status=dead }}

T

Esteban Terradas i Illa (1883–1950), mathematician, physicist and engineer.[http://www.salleurl.edu/CeCAD/terradas/index.htm Esteban Terrades, A life given to science and technology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420235313/http://www.salleurl.edu/CeCAD/terradas/index.htm |date=2005-04-20 }}
Leonardo Torres Quevedo (1852–1936), engineer and computer scientist, pioneer of automated calculation machines, inventor of the automatic chess, pioneer of remote control, designer of the funicular over the Niagara Falls.{{cite web|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Milestones:Early_Developments_in_Remote-Control,_1901 |title=Milestones:Early Developments in Remote-Control, 1901 - GHN: IEEE Global History Network |publisher=Ieeeghn.org |date=2007-03-15 |access-date=2013-01-02}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/articles/papers/398.pdf |title=From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush |last1=Randell |first1=Brian |author-link1=Brian Randell |access-date=September 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055055/http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/articles/papers/398.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2013 }}Torres and his remarkable automatic devices. Issue 2079 of Scientific American, 1915
Eduardo Torroja (1899–1961), civil engineer, structural architect, world-famous specialist in concrete structures.Troyano, Leonardo, '"Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective"', Thomas Telford Publishing, 2003, p.650{{Cite web|url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/fedala-reservoir|title=Fedala Reservoir (Mohammedia, 1957)|website=Structurae}}
Juanelo Turriano (1500-1585) Italo-Spanish clockmaker, engineer and mathematician, he built the Artificio de Juanelo, an engine that, driven by the river itself, lifted water from the Tagus to a height of almost 100 meters.{{Cite web|url=https://artificiodejuanelo.org/|title=Inicio|website=Artificio de Juanelo}}
Josep Trueta (1897–1977), doctor, his new method for treatment of open wounds and fractures helped save a great number of lives during World War II.{{cite journal|last=Pérez

|issue=3|pages=276–80| issn = 0210-4806| pmid = 18512383|doi=10.1016/S0210-4806(08)73831-2|url=http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/aue/v32n3/v32n3a03.pdf}}

U

Antonio de Ulloa (1716–1795), scientist, soldier and author; joint discoverer of element platinum with Jorge Juan y Santacilia (1713–1773).{{cite book| title = Discovery of the Elements| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryofeleme0000week| url-access = registration|pages = [https://archive.org/details/discoveryofeleme0000week/page/385 385–407]|author = Weeks, M. E.|year= 1968|edition = 7|publisher = Journal of Chemical Education| isbn = 978-0-8486-8579-9| oclc = 23991202}}

V

Francisco Vallés (1524-1592), physician, regarded as the founder of modern anatomical pathology.{{Cite web | url=http://www.uah.es/escuela_doctorado/escuela/organizacion.asp?idioma=ingles | title=Doctoral School - UAH - School Director}}
Arnold of Villanova (c. 1235–1311), alchemist and physician, he discovered that burning wood gives off a poisonous gas (later found to be carbon monoxide) and purified alcohol.{{cite book|title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-866262-4|author=Fernando Salmón|author-link=de Villanova, Arnau|editor=Robert E. Bjork|page=135}}D. Campbell, Arabian Medicine and Its Influence on the Middle Ages, p. 5.

References

Category:Spanish engineers

Category:History of Spain by topic

Category:Lists of inventors

inventors and discoverers