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List of Xiaoshiba Biota species

{{short description|List of paleobiota}}

{{Incomplete list|date=March 2025}}

This is a list of the fossils found within the Xiaoshiba Biota.

The Xiaoshiba Biota is a lagerstätte from south China, belonging to the Hongjingshao Formation. It dates to roughly 514 mya, near the end of Cambrian Stage 3. This interval lies between the more famous Maotianshan Shales and Burgess Shale in age.

[[Ecdysozoa]]

= [[Scalidophora]] =

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Paraselkirkia

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  • P. sinica{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Xiao-yu |last2=Vannier |first2=Jean |last3=Yang |first3=Jie |last4=Wang |first4=Deng |last5=Zhang |first5=Xi-guang |title=Priapulid worms from the Cambrian of China shed light on reproduction in early animals |journal=Geoscience Frontiers |date=November 2021 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=101234 |doi=10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101234|bibcode=2021GeoFr..1201234Y }}

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Around 200 specimens

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Similar to Selkirkia in appearance, likely generalistic in diet{{cite journal |last1=Tian |first1=Lan |last2=Jie |first2=Yang |last3=Jin-Bo |first3=Hou |last4=Xi-Guang |first4=Zhang |title=The feeding behaviour of the Cambrian tubiculous priapulid Selkirkia |journal=Lethaia |date=January 2015 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=125–132 |doi=10.1111/let.12093|bibcode=2015Letha..48..125T }}

|File:Paraselkirkia.jpg

Mafangscolex

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  • M cf. yunnanensis

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13 specimens{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Smith |first2=Martin R |last3=Zhang |first3=Xi-guang |last4=Yang |first4=Xiao-yu |title=Introvert and pharynx of Mafangscolex , a Cambrian palaeoscolecid |journal=Geological Magazine |date=December 2020 |volume=157 |issue=12 |pages=2044–2050 |doi=10.1017/S0016756820000308|bibcode=2020GeoM..157.2044Y |url=https://dro.dur.ac.uk/30652/1/30652.pdf }}

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Palaeoscolecid

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= [[Panarthropoda]] =

== [[Lobopodia]] ==

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Collinsium

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  • C. ciliosum

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Three mostly complete specimens{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Ortega-Hernández |first2=Javier |last3=Gerber |first3=Sylvain |last4=Butterfield |first4=Nicholas J. |last5=Hou |first5=Jin-bo |last6=Lan |first6=Tian |last7=Zhang |first7=Xi-guang |title=A superarmored lobopodian from the Cambrian of China and early disparity in the evolution of Onychophora |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=14 July 2015 |volume=112 |issue=28 |pages=8678–8683 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1505596112|doi-access=free |pmid=26124122 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.8678Y |pmc=4507230 }}

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Related to Acinocricus from North America

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Omnidens

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  • O. amplus (“Omnidens qiongqii” is likely synonymous{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}})

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Hundreds of oral cones, several frontal appendages{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Wei |last2=Yang |first2=Jie |last3=Yang |first3=Xiaoyu |last4=Dhungana |first4=Alavya |last5=Wang |first5=Yu |last6=Zhang |first6=Xiguang |last7=Smith |first7=Martin R. |title=Omnidens appendages and the origin of radiodont mouthparts |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |date=November 2024 |volume=10 |issue=6 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1600|bibcode=2024PPal...10E1600L }}

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Largest animal of the Cambrian, related to Pambdelurion from Greenland

|File:Omnidens qiongqii fossil.jpg

== [[Arthropod]]a ==

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Alacaris

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  • A. mirabilis

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Around 40 specimens

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Fuxianhuiid, one specimen preserved while moulting{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Ortega-Hernández |first2=Javier |last3=Drage |first3=Harriet B. |last4=Du |first4=Kun-sheng |last5=Zhang |first5=Xi-guang |title=Ecdysis in a stem-group euarthropod from the early Cambrian of China |journal=Scientific Reports |date=5 April 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=5709 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-41911-w|pmid=30952888 |pmc=6450865 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.5709Y }}

|File:20211117 Alacaris mirabilis.png

Chengjiangocaris

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  • C. kunmingensis{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Ortega-Hernández |first2=Javier |last3=Butterfield |first3=Nicholas J. |last4=Zhang |first4=Xi-guang |title=Specialized appendages in fuxianhuiids and the head organization of early euarthropods |journal=Nature |date=February 2013 |volume=494 |issue=7438 |pages=468–471 |doi=10.1038/nature11874|pmid=23446418 |bibcode=2013Natur.494..468Y }}

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Numerous specimens

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Fuxianhuiid

|File:20211117 Chengjiangocaris kunmingensis.png

Fuxianhuia

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  • F. xiaoshibaensis

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Numerous specimens

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Fuxianhuiid

|File:20211117 Fuxianhuia protensa.png

Lihuacaris

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  • L. ferox

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Six specimens

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Indeterminate arthropod, likely a fuxianhuiid{{cite journal |last1=Jiao |first1=De-guang |last2=Pates |first2=Stephen |last3=Lerosey-Aubril |first3=Rudy |last4=Ortega-Hernández |first4=Javier |last5=Yang |first5=Jie |last6=Lan |first6=Tian |last7=Zhang |first7=Xi-guang |title=New multipodomerous appendages of stem-group euarthropods from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Konservat-Lagerstätte |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=November 2021 |volume=8 |issue=11 |doi=10.1098/rsos.211134|pmid=34804574 |pmc=8580442 |bibcode=2021RSOS....811134J }}

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=== [[Hymenocarina]] ===

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Clypecaris

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  • C. serrata

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Multiple complete specimens

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First pair of appendages specialised for predation, carapace serrated{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Ortega-Hernández |first2=Javier |last3=Lan |first3=Tian |last4=Hou |first4=Jin-bo |last5=Zhang |first5=Xi-guang |title=A predatory bivalved euarthropod from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte, South China |journal=Scientific Reports |date=10 June 2016 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=27709 |doi=10.1038/srep27709|pmid=27283406 |bibcode=2016NatSR...627709Y |pmc=4901283 }}

| {{Multiple image

| direction = vertical

| align =

| width = 220

| image1 = Clypecaris serrata.jpg

| image2 = Clypecaris serrata.png

| caption2 =Reconstructions of Clypecaris serrata

}}

Pectocaris

|

  • P. paraspatiosa
  • P. eurypetala
  • P. spatiosa
  • P. inopinata

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12 specimens of P. paraspatiosa, 19 specimens of P. spatiosa, 2 specimens of P. eurypetala and one specimen of P. inopinata{{cite journal |last1=Jin |first1=Changfei |last2=Chen |first2=Hong |last3=Mai |first3=Huijuan |last4=Hou |first4=Xianguang |last5=Yang |first5=Xianfeng |last6=Zhai |first6=Dayou |title=Discovery of diverse Pectocaris species at the Cambrian series 2 Hongjingshao formation Xiazhuang section (Kunming, SW China) and its ecological, taphonomic, and biostratigraphic implications |journal=PeerJ |date=15 April 2024 |volume=12 |pages=e17230 |doi=10.7717/peerj.17230|doi-access=free |pmid=38638159 |pmc=11025544 }}

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All species of Pectocaris present

|File:Jin et al. 2024 sf11.png

Jugatacaris?

|

  • J. sp?

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One partial specimen

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Unclear whether it belongs to the genus due to its fragmentary nature

|File:Jugatacaris.png

=== [[Artiopoda]] ===

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Sidneyia

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  • S. minor

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Two specimens

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Smaller tail fluke than other species{{cite journal |last1=Du |first1=Kunsheng |last2=Bruton |first2=David L. |last3=Yang |first3=Jie |last4=Zhang |first4=Xiguang |title=An early Cambrian Sidneyia (Arthropoda) resolves the century-long debate of its head organization |journal=Science China Earth Sciences |date=March 2023 |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=521–527 |doi=10.1007/s11430-022-1019-8|bibcode=2023ScChD..66..521D }}

|File:Sidneyia_minor.png

Zhangshania

|

  • Z. typica

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Numerous specimens of all ages

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Synonymous with “Parazhangshania”{{cite journal |last1=Hou |first1=Jin-bo |last2=Hughes |first2=Nigel C. |last3=Yang |first3=Jie |last4=Lan |first4=Tian |last5=Zhang |first5=Xi-guang |last6=Dominguez |first6=Chrysalyn |title=Ontogeny of the articulated yiliangellinine trilobite Zhangshania typica from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) of southern China |journal=Journal of Paleontology |date=January 2017 |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=86–99 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.118|bibcode=2017JPal...91...86H }}

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Zhiwenia

|

  • Z. coronata

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Four specimens

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Basal artiopod, related to Acanthomeridion{{cite journal |last1=Du |first1=Kun-sheng |last2=Ortega-Hernández |first2=Javier |last3=Yang |first3=Jie |last4=Zhang |first4=Xi-guang |title=A soft-bodied euarthropod from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte of China supports a new clade of basal artiopodans with dorsal ecdysial sutures |journal=Cladistics |date=June 2019 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=269–281 |doi=10.1111/cla.12344|pmid=34622993 }}

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[[Spiralia]]

= Annelida =

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Xiaoshibachaeta

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  • X. biodiversa

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One mostly complete fossil

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Earliest fossil of a burrowing annelid known{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Xiaoyu |last2=Aguado |first2=M. Teresa |last3=Yang |first3=Jie |last4=Bleidorn |first4=Christoph |title=A burrowing annelid from the early Cambrian |journal=Biology Letters |date=October 2024 |volume=20 |issue=10 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2024.0357|pmid=39378985 |pmc=11461068 }}

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= Mollusca =

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Wiwaxia

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  • W. foliosa

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Six specimens

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Lacks spines, unlike W. corrugata{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Smith |first2=Martin R. |last3=Lan |first3=Tian |last4=Hou |first4=Jin-bo |last5=Zhang |first5=Xi-guang |title=Articulated Wiwaxia from the Cambrian Stage 3 Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte |journal=Scientific Reports |date=10 April 2014 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=4643 |doi=10.1038/srep04643|pmid=24717918 |bibcode=2014NatSR...4.4643Y |pmc=3982170 }}

|File:Wiwaxia corrugata (juvenile).png

[[Deuterostome|Deuterostomia]]

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

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|

|

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[[Green algae|Green]] and [[red algae]]

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Genus{{Cite journal |last1=Lan |first1=Tian |last2=Yang |first2=Jie |last3=Zhang |first3=Xi-guang |last4=Hou |first4=Jin-bo |date=2018-06-15 |title=A new macroalgal assemblage from the Xiaoshiba Biota (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) of southern China |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018217308969 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=499 |pages=35–44 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.029 |bibcode=2018PPP...499...35L |issn=0031-0182}}

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Doulia

|

  • D. rara

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Two specimens

|

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Eolaminaria

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  • E. simigladiola

|

Three specimens

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|

Rugophyca

|

  • R. longa

|

Eight specimens

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Singulariphyca

|

  • S. ramosa

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Thirty-five specimens

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Miscellaneous/Enigmatic

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Genus

! Species

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Protomelission?

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  • P. sp.?

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Twelve specimens

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Assignment to the genus dubious due to differing preservation methods{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jie |last2=Lan |first2=Tian |last3=Zhang |first3=Xi-guang |last4=Smith |first4=Martin R. |title=Protomelission is an early dasyclad alga and not a Cambrian bryozoan |journal=Nature |date=16 March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7952 |pages=468–471 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05775-5|pmid=36890226 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..468Y |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1182254 }}

|File:Wirrealpa_Protomelission.png

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Category:Paleozoic paleobiotas

Category:Cambrian China