List of National Treasures of Japan (residences)
{{short description|None}}
File:Taisei Hōkan.jpg announcing the restoration of imperial rule in the Kuroshoin of the Ninomaru Palace]]
The term "National Treasure" has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897.{{cite book
|last= Coaldrake
|first= William Howard
|title= Architecture and authority in Japan
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bCLNX8_a4WQC&q=Law+for+the+Preservation+of+Ancient+Shrines+and+Temples&pg=PA248
|orig-year= 1996
|year= 2002
|publisher= Routledge
|location= London, New York
|isbn= 0-415-05754-X
|page= 248
|access-date= 2009-11-01
|archive-date= 2023-02-19
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230219122505/https://books.google.com/books?id=bCLNX8_a4WQC&q=Law+for+the+Preservation+of+Ancient+Shrines+and+Temples&pg=PA248
|url-status= live
}}
The items are selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on their "especially high historical or artistic value".{{cite web
|title = Cultural Properties for Future Generations
|url = http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/shuppanbutsu/bunkazai_pamphlet/pdf/pamphlet_en_03_ver05.pdf
|publisher = Agency for Cultural Affairs, Cultural Properties Department
|location = Tokyo, Japan
|date = March 2017
|access-date = 2017-12-17
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171216231044/http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/shuppanbutsu/bunkazai_pamphlet/pdf/pamphlet_en_03_ver05.pdf
|archive-date = 2017-12-16
|url-status = dead
}} This list presents 14 entries of residential structures from 15th-century feudal Muromachi period to the early modern 17th-century Edo period. The structures listed include teahouses, shoin, guest or reception halls and other rooms which are part of Japanese domestic architecture, while most of the structures are located in temples, one is a castle.{{Cite web
| publisher = Agency for Cultural Affairs
| script-title = ja:国指定文化財 データベース
| work = Database of National Cultural Properties
| access-date = 2009-04-16
| date = 2008-11-01
| url = http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp
| language = ja
| archive-date = 2009-03-30
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090330140022/http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp
| url-status = dead
}} In 2009, the early 20th century Akasaka Palace was designated as National Treasure in the category of "modern residences" (Meiji period and later). Because it is the only National Treasure in this category, it is listed together with the 14 pre-Meiji period structures.{{cite web
|url=http://www.bunka.go.jp/oshirase_other/2009/pdf/kokuho_juyoubunkazai_091016.pdf
|script-title=ja:国宝・重要文化財（建造物）の指定について
|trans-title=Designation of National Treasure and Important Cultural Property structure
|date=2009-10-16
|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs
|location=Tokyo
|language=ja
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008181821/http://www.bunka.go.jp/oshirase_other/2009/pdf/kokuho_juyoubunkazai_091016.pdf
|archive-date=2010-10-08
}}
The foundations for the design of today's traditional Japanese residential houses with tatami floors were established in the late Muromachi period and refined during the ensuing Momoyama period.
Shoin-zukuri, a new architectural style influenced by zen Buddhism, developed during that time from the shinden-zukuri of earlier Heian period palaces and the subsequent residential style favored by the warrior class during the Kamakura period.{{Harvnb|Young|Young|2007|p=80}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shoinzukuri.htm
| title = shoinzukuri
| publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System
| access-date = 2009-11-17
| archive-date = 2021-02-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210224201723/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shoinzukuri.htm
| url-status = live
}}{{Harvnb|Young|Young|2007|p=79}} The term {{nihongo||書院|shoin}}, meaning study or drawing room, has been used to denote reception rooms in residences of the military elite as well as study rooms at monasteries.{{cite web
| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shoin.htm
| title = shoin
| publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System
| access-date = 2009-11-17
| archive-date = 2021-02-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210224153557/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shoin.htm
| url-status = live
}} A shoin has a core area surrounded by aisles, with smaller areas separated by fusuma sliding doors, or shōji partitions constructed of paper on a wooden frame or wooden equivalents, {{nihongo||舞良戸|mairado}} and {{nihongo||杉戸|sugido}}. A main reception room is characterized by specific features: a recessed alcove (tokonoma); staggered shelves; built-in desks; and ornate sliding doors. Generally the reception room is covered with wall-to-wall tatami, has square beveled pillars, a coved and/or coffered ceiling, and {{nihongo|wooden shutters protecting the area from rain|雨戸|amado}}. The entrance hall (genkan) emerged as an element of residential architecture during the Momoyama period. The oldest extant shoin style building is the Tōgu-dō at Ginkaku-ji from 1485. Other representative examples of early shoin style, also called shuden, include two guest halls at Mii-dera.{{Harvnb|Nishi|Hozumi|1996|p=76}} In the early Edo period, shoin-zukuri reached its peak and spread beyond the residences of the military elite. The more formal shoin-style of this period is apparent in the characteristics of Ninomaru Palace at Nijō Castle as well as the shoin at Nishi Hongan-ji.{{Harvnb|Young|Young|2007|p=81}}{{Harvnb|Nishi|Hozumi|1996|p=75}}
The simpler style used in the architecture of tea houses for the tea ceremony developed in parallel with shoin-zukuri. In the 16th century Sen no Rikyū established dedicated {{nihongo|"grass hut"|草庵|sōan}} style teahouses characterized by their small size of typically two to eight mat, the use of natural materials, and rustic appearance.{{cite web
| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/souan.htm
| title = souan
| publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System
| access-date = 2009-11-17
| archive-date = 2021-07-11
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210711090518/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/souan.htm
| url-status = live
}} This teahouse style, exemplified by the Jo-an and Tai-an teahouses, was influenced by Japanese farmhouse style and the shoin style{{Harvnb|Young|Young|Yew|2004|p=63}} featuring tatami matted floors, recessed alcoves (tokonoma) and one or more ante chambers for preparations.
By the beginning of the Edo period, the features of the shoin and the teahouse styles began to be blended.{{Harvnb|Young|Young|2007|p=90}} The result was an informal version of the shoin style, called {{nihongo||数寄屋造|sukiya-zukuri}}.{{Harvnb|Young|Young|Yew|2004|p=100}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/sukiyazukuri.htm
| title = sukiyazukuri
| publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System
| access-date = 2009-11-17
| archive-date = 2021-03-10
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210310045108/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/sukiyazukuri.htm
| url-status = live
}} Sukiya-zukuri has the characteristic decorative alcove and shelf, and utilizes woods such as cedar, pine, hemlock, bamboo, and cypress, often with rough surfaces including the bark. Compared to shoin style, roof eaves in the sukiya style bend downward. While the shoin style was suitable for ceremonial architecture, it became too imposing for residential buildings. Consequently, the less formal sukiya style was used for the mansions of the aristocracy and samurai after the beginning of the Edo period.{{Harvnb|Nishi|Hozumi|1996|p=78}}
Examples of sukiya style architecture are found at the Katsura Imperial Villa and the Black Study Hall of Nishi Hongan-ji.
Statistics
In total there are 15 structures at ten compounds in five cities. Ten of these structures are located in Kyoto. The compound with most National Treasures of the residential building category is Nishi Hongan-ji, with three structures.{{Cite web
| last = The Agency for Cultural Affairs
| script-title = ja:国指定文化財 データベース
| work = Database of National Cultural Properties
| access-date = 2009-04-16
| date = 2008-11-01
| url = http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp
| language = ja
| archive-date = 2009-03-30
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090330140022/http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp
| url-status = dead
}}
File:National Treasures of Japan (residences).png
| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#ffffff;" style="text-align:center" align="left" |
| align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | Prefecture
!align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | City !align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | National Treasures |
|---|
| style="background:#efefef;" | Aichi
| style="background:#efefef;" | Inuyama | style="background:#efefef;" | 1 |
| rowspan=2 valign="center"| Kyoto
| Kyoto |
| Ōyamazaki
| 1 |
| style="background:#efefef;" valign="center"| Shiga
| style="background:#efefef;" valign="center"| Ōtsu | style="background:#efefef;" valign="center"| 2 |
| Tokyo
| Tokyo | 1The Tokyo Akasaka Palace is the only structure in the category of "modern residences" (Meiji period and later). All other structures in this list are much older from the late 15th to early 17th century. |
| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#ffffff;" style="text-align:center" |
| align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | Compound
! align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | National Treasures |
|---|
| Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) |
| Nishi Hongan-ji
| 3 |
| Ginkaku-ji
| 2 |
| Mii-dera
| 2 |
| Sanbō-in
| 2 |
| Ryōkō-in (Daitoku-ji)
| 1 |
| Myōki-an
| 1 |
| Tō-ji
| 1 |
| Urakuen
| 1 |
| Akasaka Palace |
| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#ffffff;" style="text-align:center" align="left" |
| align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | PeriodIf a National Treasure was constructed during more than one period, only the oldest period is counted.
!align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | National Treasures |
|---|
| Muromachi period
| 2 |
| Momoyama period
| 7 |
| Edo period |
| Meiji period |
{{GeoGroup}}
{{Clear}}
Usage
The table's columns (except for Remarks and Image) are sortable pressing the arrows symbols. The following gives an overview of what is included in the table and how the sorting works.
- Name: name of the structure as registered in the Database of National Cultural Properties
- Compound: name of the compound in which the structure is located
- Remarks: architecture and general remarks including:
::*size measured in meters or ken (distance between pillars); "m × n" denotes the length (m) and width (n) of the structure, each measured in ken
::*architectural style (zukuri) and type of roofing
- Date: period and year of the construction; The column entries sort by year. If only a period is known, they sort by the start year of that period.
- Location: "town-name prefecture-name" and geo-coordinates of the structure; The column entries sort as "prefecture-name town-name".
- Image: picture of the structure; If the image shows more than one structure, the respective structure is indicated by a blue rectangle.
Treasures
| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="background:#ffffff;" | ||
| align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | Name
!align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | Compound !align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"| Remarks !align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" | Date !style="background:#ffdead;" | Location !align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Image | ||
|---|---|---|
| {{nihongo|Jo-an|如庵}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.m-inuyama-h.co.jp/urakuen/nyoan.html | script-title = ja:名鉄犬山ホテル 有 楽苑／如庵 | trans-title = Meitetsu Inuyama Hotel Urakuen/Joan | publisher = Meitetsu Inuyama Hotel | access-date = 2009-11-14 | language = ja | archive-date = 2006-01-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060130210459/http://www.m-inuyama-h.co.jp/urakuen/nyoan.html | url-status = dead }} | {{nihongo|Uraku-en|有楽苑}} | Japanese teahouse, single-storied, irimoya style{{#tag:ref|(irimoya-zukuri, 入母屋造): a hip-and-gable roof combining a ridge and two gable pediments on the upper part with a hipped roof on all sides in the lower part of the roof{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/i/irimoyazukuri.htm | title = irimoya-zukuri | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-08 }}|group="ex"|name="irimoya-zukuri-expl"}} with shake roof, chashitsu with 2.5 + 3/4 mat and a three mat mizuya, built by Oda Uraku, a disciple of Sen no Rikyū | {{sort|1618|early Edo period, c. 1618}} |Inuyama, Aichi {{coord|35|23|16.66|N|136|56|31.35|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Jo-an, Urakuen}} | File:Joan in Urakuen, Gomonsaki Inuyama Inuyama City 2023.jpg | ||
| {{nihongo|Kangakuin Guest Hall|勧学院客殿|kangakuin kyakuden}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.shiga-miidera.or.jp/treasure/building/04.htm | script-title = ja:勧学院客殿 | trans-title = Kangakuin Guest Hall | publisher = Mii-dera | language = ja | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-date = 2020-12-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201022506/http://www.shiga-miidera.or.jp/treasure/building/04.htm | url-status = live }} | Mii-dera | 7 × 7, irimoya style, tsumairi style entrance,(tsumairi, 妻入): entrance in one of the gable ends with the axis of the approach parallel to the ridge of the roof nokikarahafu gable{{#tag:ref|(nokikarahafu, 軒唐破風): an undulating Karahafu gable at eave ends|group="ex"|name="nokikarahafu-expl"}} on the front; | 中門|chūmon}} gate: 1 × 1 ken, kirizuma style{{#tag:ref|(kirizuma-zukuri, 切妻造): a gabled roof with equal lengths from the ridge to the eaves{{cite web
| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/kirizumazukuri.htm | title = kirizuma-zukuri | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-date = 2009-12-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091202074704/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/kirizumazukuri.htm | url-status = live }} |group="ex"|name="kirizuma-zukuri-expl"}}Both structures are single-storied with shake shingles. | {{sort|1600|Momoyama period, 1600}} |Ōtsu, Shiga {{coord|35|0|42.4|N|135|51|8.62|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Kangakuin Guest Hall, Mii-dera}} | {{center|—}} | |
| {{nihongo|Kōjōin Guest Hall|光浄院客殿|kōjōin kyakuden}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.shiga-miidera.or.jp/treasure/building/03.htm | script-title = ja:光浄院客殿 | trans-title = Kōjōin Guest Hall | publisher = Mii-dera | language = ja | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-date = 2019-12-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191223162823/http://www.shiga-miidera.or.jp/treasure/building/03.htm | url-status = live }} | Mii-dera | 7 × 6, irimoya style, tsumairi style entrance, facade with a karahafu gable;{{#tag:ref|(karahafu, 唐破風): an undulating bargeboard flowing downwards from the top center with convex curves on each side that change to concave curves which either level off or turn upward at the ends{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/karahafu.htm | title = karahafu | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-date = 2020-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201229150446/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/karahafu.htm | url-status = live }}|group="ex"|name="karahafu-expl"}} | 中門|chūmon}} gate: 1 × 1, kirizuma style Both structures are single-storied with shake shingles. | {{sort|1601|Momoyama period, 1601}} |Ōtsu, Shiga {{coord|35|0|52.2|N|135|51|9.31|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Kōjōin Guest Hall, Mii-dera}} | {{center|—}} | |
| {{nihongo|Kanchiin Guest Hall|観智院客殿|kanchiin kyakuden}}One {{nihongo | 棟札|munafuda}} ridge tag with information on the building's construction is attached to the nomination.
{{cite web | url = http://www.toji.or.jp/kanchiin.shtml | script-title = ja:観智院客殿 | trans-title = Kanchiin Guest Hall | publisher = Tō-ji | language = ja | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204232050/http://www.toji.or.jp/kanchiin.shtml | archive-date = 2012-02-04 | url-status = dead }} | Tō-ji | {{convert|12.7|x|13.7|m|abbr=on}}, tsumairi style entrance, nokikarahafu gable on front; | 中門|chūmon}} gate: 1 × 1, kirizuma style Both structures are single-storied and covered by copper sheeting. | {{sort|1605|Momoyama period, 1605}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|34|58|57.48|N|135|44|52.43|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Kanchiin Guest Hall, Tō-ji}} |
| {{nihongo|Main drawing room|表書院|omote shoin}}
| Sanbō-in | Consists of lower, middle and upper rooms; The lower (gedan) room could be used as a Noh stage with the audience seated in the middle and upper rooms. Upper room 15 mat (alcove and shelves), 18 mat, antechamber 27 mat, entrance from all four sides, single-storied, irimoya style, {{nihongo|spring pavilion|泉殿|izumidono}} in kirizuma style, sangawarabuki{{#tag:ref|(sangawarabuki, 桟瓦葺): a roof tile combining a broad concave tile with a semi-cylindrical convex tile into one tile. The tile is square undulating from concave to convex.{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/sangawarabuki.htm | title = sangawarabuki | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-14 }}|group="ex"|name="sangawarabuki-expl"}} tile roof, entrance porch on west side with a karahafu gable and covered with hinoki cypress bark; The veranda and detached room in the southwest show the adoption of shinden-zukuri. | {{sort|1598|Momoyama period, 1598}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|34|57|7.46|N|135|49|10.43|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Main drawing room, Sanbō-in}} | 150px | ||
| {{nihongo|Karamon|唐門}}{{Cite book
| title = Daigoji Sanboin | publisher = Daigo-ji }} {{cite web| url = http://www.daigoji.or.jp/garan/sanboin_detail_e.html | title = World Heritage Kyoto DAIGOJI Temple : Guide to Daigoji Complex Guide to Sanboin | publisher = Daigo-ji | language = ja | access-date = 2009-11-14 | archive-date = 2020-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201025172257/https://www.daigoji.or.jp/garan/sanboin_detail_e.html | url-status = live }} | Sanbō-in | 3 × 2 gate with entrance through the central ken ({{convert|6.27|x|2.60|m|abbr=on}}) and karahafu gables; Also called Chokushimon (gate for imperial messengers), was entirely black-lacquered with four large chrysanthemum and paulownia motifs, covered with hinoki cypress bark | | {{sort|1598|Momoyama period, 1598}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|34|57|6.3|N|135|49|8.95|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Karamon, Sanbō-in}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Silver Pavilion|銀閣|ginkaku}}{{Cite book
| title = Ginkakuji Temple | language = ja, en | publisher = Ginkaku-ji }} {{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720160226/http://www.shokoku-ji.or.jp/english/e_ginkakuji/guide/kannonden.html | archive-date = 2011-07-20 | url = http://www.shokoku-ji.or.jp/english/e_ginkakuji/guide/kannonden.html | title = The Silver Pavilion or Kannon Hall | publisher = Shōkoku-ji | access-date = 2009-11-14 }} | East and west: {{convert|8.2|m|abbr=on}}, north: {{convert|7.0|m|abbr=on}}, south: {{convert|5.9|m|abbr=on}}, two-storied: first floor in shoin-zukuri style, second floor in Chinese temple style with a window with an ogee-type pointed top with a series of S-like curves on either side of the peak (katōmado) and a Chinese sliding door; Roof in hōgyō style{{#tag:ref|(hōgyō-zukuri, 宝形造): a pyramid shaped roof over a square building{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/h/hougyouzukuri.htm | title = hougyou-zukuri | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-14 | archive-date = 2022-07-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220707140406/https://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/h/hougyouzukuri.htm | url-status = live }}|group="ex"|name="hougyou-zukuri-expl"}} with shake shingles, bronze phoenix on the roof facing east, building originally called {{nihongo | 観音殿|Kannonden}}
| {{sort|1489|Muromachi period, 1489}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|1|35.54|N|135|47|52.94|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Silver Pavilion, Ginkaku-ji}} | |
| {{nihongo|Tōgu-dō|東求堂}}{{cite web
| url = http://www.shokoku-ji.or.jp/english/e_ginkakuji/guide/togudo.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720160239/http://www.shokoku-ji.or.jp/english/e_ginkakuji/guide/togudo.html | archive-date = 2011-07-20 | title = Hall of the Eastern Quest | publisher = Shōkoku-ji | access-date = 2009-11-14 }} | {{convert|6.9|x|6.9|m|abbr=on}}, single-storied, irimoya style, covered with hinoki cypress bark, Buddhist hall of Ashikaga Yoshimasa with two Buddhist altar rooms and two other rooms; oldest extant shoin-zukuri style building | {{sort|1485|Muromachi period, 1485}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|1|36.79|N|135|47|54.43|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Tōgu-dō, Ginkaku-ji}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Retainers' room|遠侍|tōzamurai}} and {{nihongo|Entrance Hall|車寄|kurumayose}}The National Treasure structures of Nijō Castle form a continuous structure (Ninomaru Palace) and are registered as a single National Treasure under one registration number. Only in the main treasure table of this article, the single entry is split in parts for readability.
{{cite web | url = http://www.city.kyoto.jp/bunshi/nijojo/ninomaru.html | title = 元離宮二条城 | trans-title = Nijō Castle | publisher = Kyoto | access-date = 2009-11-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120125065529/http://www.city.kyoto.jp/bunshi/nijojo/ninomaru.html | archive-date = 2012-01-25 | url-status = dead }} | Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) | Entrance Hall: 5 × 3, hinoki cypress bark roofing Retainers' room: 8 × 8, hongawarabuki roofing Both structures are single-storied, irimoya style. | {{sort|1626|early Edo period, 1626}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|0|47.7|N|135|45|0.75|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Retainer's room, Ninomaru Palace}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Reception Room|式台|shikidai}}
| Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) | Dimensions: 3 (front), 5 (back), 4 (right), 6 (left) ken, single-storied, irimoya style with hongawarabuki roofing | {{sort|1626|early Edo period, 1626}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|0|48.09|N|135|44|59.78|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Reception Room, Ninomaru Palace}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Great Hall|大広間|ōhiroma}}
| Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) | Dimensions: 7 (front), 5 (back), 8 (right), 7 (left) ken, single-storied, irimoya style with hongawarabuki roofing | {{sort|1626|early Edo period, 1626}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|0|48.68|N|135|44|58.84|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Great Hall, Ninomaru Palace}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Japanese fern-palm chamber|蘇鉄之間|sotetsu-no-ma}}
| Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) | Dimensions: 1 (front), 3 (back), 8 (right), 9 (left) ken, single-storied, irimoya style with hongawarabuki roofing, connecting the kuroshoin with the ōhiroma | {{sort|1626|early Edo period, 1626}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|0|49.44|N|135|44|58.55|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Japanese fern-palm chamber, Ninomaru Palace}} | {{center|—}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Black study room|黒書院|kuroshoin}}
| Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) | Dimensions: 7 (front), 8 (back), 6 (right), 8 (left) ken, single-storied, irimoya style with hongawarabuki roofing | {{sort|1626|early Edo period, 1626}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|0|49.91|N|135|44|57.85|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Black study room, Ninomaru Palace}} | ||
| {{nihongo|White study room|白書院|shiroshoin}}An attached room and the connecting corridor between shiroshoin and kuroshoin are included in the nomination.
| Ninomaru Palace (Nijō Castle) | 6 × 6, single-storied, irimoya style with hongawarabuki roofing | {{sort|1626|early Edo period, 1626}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|35|0|51.07|N|135|44|57.76|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=White study room, Ninomaru Palace}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Black study hall|黒書院|kuroshoin}} and {{nihongo|Denrō gallery|伝廊|denrō}}{{cite web
|url = http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/ |script-title = ja:本願寺（西本願寺） |trans-title=Hongan-ji (Nishi Hongan-ji) |publisher = Nishi Hongan-ji |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091018225935/http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/ |archive-date = 2009-10-18 }} {{cite web|url = http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/09.html |script-title = ja:黒書院 |trans-title=Black study hall |publisher = Nishi Hongan-ji |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091020235656/http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/09.html |archive-date = 2009-10-20 }} | Black study hall: length 6 ken (front side), 7 ken (back side), width 4 ken (left side), 6 ken (right side), two-storied, yosemune style{{#tag:ref|(yosemune-zukuri, 寄棟造): a hipped roof where the front and back are trapezoidal and the sides triangular in shape; in Japan generally used for buildings of less importance{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/y/yosemunezukuri.htm | title = yosemune-zukuri | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-date = 2009-12-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091202075022/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/y/yosemunezukuri.htm | url-status = live }}|group="ex"|name="yosemune-zukuri-expl"}} with shake shingles Denrō gallery: 4 × 2, single-storied, ryōsage style{{#tag:ref|(ryōsage-zukuri, 両下造): a gable roof without gable pediments because other structures connect to it{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/r/ryousagezukuri.htm | title = ryousage-zukuri | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-08 }}|group="ex"|name="ryosage-zukuri-expl"}} with shake shingles | {{sort|1657|early Edo period, 1657}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{Coord|34|59|28.5|N|135|45|4.24|E|type:landmark_region:JP_dim:34|name=Kuroshoin, Nishi-Hongan-ji}} | 150px | ||
| {{nihongo|Shoin|書院}}: {{nihongo|Meeting room|対面所|taimenjo}} and {{nihongo|White study room|白書院|shiroshoin}}{{cite web
|url = http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/05.html |script-title = ja:対面所 |trans-title=Meeting room |publisher = Nishi Hongan-ji |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090625011818/http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/05.html |archive-date = 2009-06-25 }} {{cite web|url = http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/08.html |script-title = ja:白書院 |trans-title=White study room |publisher = Nishi Hongan-ji |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090817135218/http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/08.html |archive-date = 2009-08-17 }} | {{convert|38.5|x|29.5|m|abbr=on}}, single-storied, irimoya style, tsumairi style entrance; "wet veranda",{{#tag:ref|(nure-en, 濡縁): shallow veranda outside of the sliding storm doors which is open to the elements even if the eaves have a long overhang{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/n/nureen.htm | title = nure-en | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-14 }}|group="ex"|name="nureen-expl"}} hongawarabuki roof{{#tag:ref|(hongawarabuki, 本瓦葺): a tile roof composed of flat broad concave tiles and semi-cylindrical convex tiles covering the seams of the former{{cite web | url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/h/hongawarabuki.htm | title = hongawarabuki | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-09 | archive-date = 2019-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191231034224/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/h/hongawarabuki.htm | url-status = live }}|group="ex"|name="hongawarabuki-expl"}} | {{sort|1618|early Edo period, 1618}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|34|59|27.24|N|135|45|3.51|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Shoin, Nishi Hongan-ji}} | ||
| {{nihongo|Flying Cloud Pavilion|飛雲閣|hiunkaku}}{{cite web
|url = http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/04.html |script-title = ja:飛雲閣 |trans-title=Flying Cloud Pavilion |publisher = Nishi Hongan-ji |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090624023518/http://www.hongwanji.or.jp/about/kenzo/04.html |archive-date = 2009-06-24 }} {{cite web| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/h/hiunkaku.htm | title = hiunkaku | publisher = JAANUS – Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System | access-date = 2009-11-09 | archive-date = 2016-10-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161012191451/http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/h/hiunkaku.htm | url-status = live }} | South and north side: {{convert|25.8|m|abbr=on}}, east side: {{convert|11.8|m|abbr=on}}, west side: {{convert|12.5|m|abbr=on}}, three-storied with shake shingles; 1st floor: shoin-zukuri, {{nihongo|study room|招賢殿|shōkenden}}, {{nihongo|room of eight scenes|八景之間|hakkei no ma}}, veranda and tea ceremony room ({{nihongo | 憶昔|ikujaku}}); karahafu gable on one side and irimoya style roof on opposite side; 2nd floor: {{nihongo|room of great poets|歌仙之間|kasen no ma}} (with paintings of 36 great poets on the wooden doors and walls), mezzanine floor, lightly railed veranda; convex hip and gable roof with undulating bargeboards on three sides; 3rd floor: 8 mat, with ogee shaped windows; hōgyō style roof | {{sort|1587|Momoyama period, 1587–1614}} |Kyoto, Kyoto {{coord|34|59|26.01|N|135|45|8.78|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Flying Cloud Pavilion, Nishi Hongan-ji}} | |
| {{nihongo|Tai-an|待庵}}{{cite web
|url = http://www.artofjpn.com/kyoto/taian.html |title = Tai-an teahouse |publisher = artofjpn |access-date = 2009-11-08 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090821105843/http://www.artofjpn.com/kyoto/taian.html |archive-date = 2009-08-21 }} {{cite web|url = http://www002.upp.so-net.ne.jp/viviplan/taian.html |script-title = ja:待庵-光 の 空 間 |trans-title=Tai-an, room of light |publisher = vivi planning |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-08 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090310235455/http://www002.upp.so-net.ne.jp/viviplan/taian.html |archive-date = 2009-03-10 }} {{cite web| url = http://blog.goo.ne.jp/gooogami/e/94ccfd3ab8c71a3f3a2ec2c98f090e15 | script-title = ja:待庵 | trans-title = Tai-an | publisher = goo | language = ja | access-date = 2009-11-08 | archive-date = 2012-10-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121018002013/http://blog.goo.ne.jp/gooogami/e/94ccfd3ab8c71a3f3a2ec2c98f090e15 | url-status = live }} | {{nihongo|Myōki-an|妙喜庵}} | {{convert|3|x|3.3|m|abbr=on}}, 2 mat chashitsu, 1 mat {{nihongo|anteroom|次の間|tsugi-no-ma}} with an {{nihongo | 板畳|itadatami}} board,A board placed in the part of a room that can not be covered by a standard-size tatami. hearth cut into the host's mat; single-storied, kirizuma style with shake shingles, attached pent roof over hardpacked earthen floor above the entrance; oldest extant teahouse in Japan, designed by Sen no Rikyū
| {{sort|1582|Momoyama period, 1582}} | 150px | |
| {{nihongo|Shoin|書院}}{{cite web
|url = http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~housi/ryukouinsyoin.htm |script-title = ja:龍光院書院 |trans-title=Ryōkō-in Shoin |language = ja |access-date = 2009-11-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20121219114514/http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~housi/ryukouinsyoin.htm |archive-date = 2012-12-19 }} | {{nihongo|Ryōkō-in|竜光院}} (Daitoku-ji) | 6 × 4, single-storied, yosemune style; four rooms with ten (with attached alcove), eight, six and 4.5 tatami mats, spacious veranda, with a 4.5 + 3/4 mat chashitsu called {{nihongo | 密庵席|mittan-seki}}; constructed by Kuroda Nagamasa
| {{sort|1624|early Edo period, chashitsu from Kan'ei era}} | {{center|—}} | |
| {{nihongo|Former Crown Prince's Palace|旧東宮御所|kyūtōgūgosho}}{{cite web
|url=http://www8.cao.go.jp/geihinkan/e1-11.html |title=State Guest Houses |publisher=Cabinet Office Government of Japan |access-date=2009-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518035445/http://www8.cao.go.jp/geihinkan/e1-11.html |archive-date=2011-05-18 }} | {{nihongo|State Guesthouse Akasaka Palace| 迎賓館赤坂離宮|geihinkan akasaka rikyū}} | Neo-Baroque style, designed by Katayama Tokuma, former residence of Crown Prince {{nihongo|Haru-no-miya Yoshihito|明宮嘉仁}}, the later Emperor Taishō | {{sort|1909|late Meiji period, 1909}} |Tokyo {{coord|35|40|48.93|N|139|43|43.29|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:JP|name=Former Crown Prince's Palace, Akasaka Palace}} |
Notes
=General=
{{reflist|35em|group="nb"}}
=Architecture=
{{reflist|35em|group="ex"}}
References
{{reflist|35em}}
=Bibliography=
{{refbegin}}
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|first1= David
|last2=Young
|first2=Michiko
|title= The art of Japanese architecture
|series=Architecture and Interior Design
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|access-date=2009-11-11
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|orig-year=2004
|edition=illustrated, revised
|publisher=Tuttle Publishing
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|last1= Young
|first1= David
|last2=Young
|first2=Michiko Kimura
|last3=Yew
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|title= Introduction to Japanese architecture
|series=Periplus Asian architecture
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVcsvjK6ZswC&q=japan+residential+architecture
|access-date=2009-11-11
|year=2004
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Tuttle Publishing
|isbn=0-7946-0100-6
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- {{cite book
|last1= Nishi
|first1= Kazuo
|last2=Hozumi
|first2=Kazuo
|title= What is Japanese architecture?
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZl_yEJGtUYC&q=shinto+architecture
|access-date=2009-11-11
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{{refend}}
External links
{{commons category|National Treasures of Japan (residences)|National Treasure residences}}
{{Lists of National Treasures of Japan}}
{{Cultural Properties of Japan}}
{{Japanese architectural elements}}
{{featured list}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:National Treasures Of Japan (Residences)}}