List of commanders of the Blackshirts
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
This article lists the commanders of the Blackshirts ({{langx|it|Camicie Nere}}, CCNN; officially Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN — "Voluntary Militia for National Security"), a paramilitary wing of the Italian National Fascist Party (PNF), between the years of 1923{{efn|After approval by the Mussolini government on 28 December 1922, the draft law on founding the MVSN was approved by a resolution of the Grand Council of Fascism on 12 January 1923. The draft became law under Royal Decree No. 31 of 14 January 1923, issued by the King Victor Emmanuel III. The activities of the MVSN began on 1 February 1923.{{cn|date=December 2022}}}} and 1943.
Commandants−General
{{Infobox official post
| post = Commandant-General
| body = the Blackshirts
| native_name = {{native name|it|Comandante generale della MVSN}}
| insignia = MVSN-Comandante generale.svg
| insigniasize = 70px
| insigniacaption = Rank insignia
| insigniaalt =
| flag = Flag of commander general of the MVSN.svg
| flagsize =
| flagalt =
| flagborder =
| flagcaption = Command flag
| image = Benito Mussolini portrait as dictator (retouched).jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| imagecaption = Longest serving
Benito Mussolini
12 October 1926–25 July 1943
| department = Blackshirts
| style =
| type = Commanding officer of a paramilitary organization
| status =
| abbreviation =
| member_of = {{lang|it|Stato Maggiore della MVSN}}
Grand Council of Fascism
| reports_to =
| residence =
| seat =
| nominator =
| appointer = the {{lang|it|Duce}}
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| formation = 1 February 1923
| first = Held simultaneously by:
| last = Renato Ricci
| abolished = 8 December 1943
| superseded_by =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
The Commandant-General of the Blackshirts ({{langx|it|Comandante generale della MVSN}}) was the supreme commander of the Blackshirts.
=List of officeholders=
= Timeline =
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:80 left:20
AlignBars = late
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1923 till:01/05/1945
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1923
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1925
BarData =
barset:PM
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:PM
from: 01/02/1923 till: 31/10/1924 color:black text:"De Bono" fontsize:10
from: 01/02/1923 till: 31/10/1924 color:black text:"Balbo" fontsize:10
from: 01/02/1923 till: 10/07/1925 color:black text:"De Vecchi" fontsize:10
from: 01/12/1924 till: 31/08/1925 color:black text:"Gandolfo" fontsize:10
from: 12/09/1925 till: 09/10/1926 color:black text:"Gonzaga" fontsize:10
from: 12/10/1926 till: 25/07/1943 color:black text:"Mussolini" fontsize:10
from: 26/07/1943 till: 08/09/1943 color:white text:"Armellini" fontsize:10
from: 20/09/1943 till: 08/12/1943 color:black text:"Ricci" fontsize:10
}}
Chiefs of Staff
{{Infobox official post
| post = Chief of Staff
| body = the Blackshirts
| native_name = {{native name|it|Capo di stato maggiore della MVSN}}
| insignia = MVSN-Luogotenente generale capo di manipolo.svg
| insigniasize = 70px
| insigniacaption = Rank insignia
| insigniaalt =
| flag = Flag of the chief of staff of the MVSN.svg
| flagsize =
| flagalt =
| flagborder =
| flagcaption = Command flag
| image = Attilio teruzzi.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| imagecaption = Longest serving
Attilio Teruzzi
2 January 1929–3 October 1935
| department = Blackshirts
| style =
| type = Chief of staff of a paramilitary organization
| status =
| abbreviation =
| member_of = {{lang|it|Stato Maggiore della MVSN}}
Grand Council of Fascism
| reports_to =
| residence =
| seat =
| nominator =
| appointer = the {{lang|it|Duce}}
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| formation = 1 February 1923
| first = {{Interlanguage link|Francesco Sacco|it}}
| last = Renzo Montagna {{small|(acting)}}
| abolished = 30 September 1943
| superseded_by =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
The Chief of Staff of the Blackshirts ({{langx|it|Capo di stato maggiore della MVSN}}) oversaw the day-to-day operations of the Blackshirts.
=List of officeholders=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=2| Portrait ! rowspan=2| Name ! colspan=3| Term of office ! colspan=2 rowspan=2| Party ! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |
|---|
| Took office
! Left office ! Time in office |
| 1
| 90px | {{small|Lieutenant general}} | 1 February 1923 | 1 December 1924 | {{ayd|1923|2|1|1924|12|1}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Fascist Party}};" | |
| 2
| 90px | {{small|Lieutenant general}} | 1 December 1924 | 23 December 1928 | {{ayd|1924|12|1|1928|12|23}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Fascist Party}};" | | – |
| 3
| 90px | {{small|Lieutenant general}} | 2 January 1929 | 3 October 1935 | {{ayd|1929|1|2|1935|10|3}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Fascist Party}};" | | [http://spazioinwind.libero.it/littorio/mvsn/teruzzi-i.htm Attilio Teruzzi], Spazio in wind |
| 4
| 90px | {{small|Lieutenant general}} | 3 October 1935 | 3 November 1939 | {{ayd|1935|10|3|1939|11|3}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Fascist Party}};" | | – |
| 5
| 90px | Achille Starace | 3 November 1939 | 16 May 1941 | {{ayd|1939|11|3|1941|5|16}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Fascist Party}};" | | {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Canali |editor-first=Mauro |encyclopedia=Treccani |title=Starace, Achille |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/achille-starace_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |language=it |year=2019 |publisher= |series=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |volume=94 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= }} |
| 6
| 90px | {{small|Lieutenant general}} | 25 May 1941 | 26 July 1943 | {{ayd|1941|5|25|1943|7|26}} ! style="background:{{party color|National Fascist Party}};" | | Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, 1990, p. 144 |
| –
| 90px | {{small|Lieutenant general}} | 17 September 1943 | 30 September 1943 | {{ayd|1943|9|17|1943|9|30}} ! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" | |
= Timeline =
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:80 left:20
AlignBars = late
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1923 till:01/05/1945
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1923
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1925
BarData =
barset:PM
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:PM
from: 01/02/1923 till: 01/12/1924 color:black text:"Sacco" fontsize:10
from: 01/12/1924 till: 23/12/1928 color:black text:"Bazan" fontsize:10
from: 02/01/1929 till: 03/10/1935 color:black text:"Teruzzi" fontsize:10
from: 03/10/1935 till: 03/11/1939 color:black text:"Russo" fontsize:10
from: 03/11/1939 till: 16/05/1941 color:black text:"Starace" fontsize:10
from: 25/05/1941 till: 26/07/1943 color:black text:"Galbiati" fontsize:10
from: 17/09/1943 till: 30/09/1943 color:white text:"Montagna (acting)" fontsize:10
}}
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}