List of countries with multiple capitals
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Lists of capitals}}
Some countries can be considered to have multiple capitals. In some cases, one city is the capital for some purposes, and one or more others are capital for other purposes, without any being considered an official capital in preference to the others. There are also cases where there is a single legally defined capital, but one or more other cities operate as the seat of government of some or all parts of the national government; in these situations, sources may disagree on whether these other cities are considered additional capital cities.
More than one capital at present
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More than one capital in the past
{{Main|List of former national capitals}}
These countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a temporary capital.
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! Country ! Year(s) ! Capitals ! Details | |
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|rowspan="3" | {{Flag|British Raj}} |rowspan="3" | 1858–1947 | Kolkata (a.k.a. Calcutta) (1858–1911) | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | Administrative capital | |
| New Delhi (1911–1947) | |
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| Shimla (a.k.a. Simla) | Summer capital | |
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| rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon image|Austria-Hungary - hybrid flag space3.png|size=23px}} Austria-Hungary | rowspan="2" |1873–1918 | |
| Budapest | |
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|rowspan="4" | {{Flagcountry|Republic of China}} |rowspan="2" | 1937–1945 | Nanjing (a.k.a. Nanking) | Capital of the Japanese-controlled puppet state | |
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| Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China | |
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|rowspan="2" | 1945–1991 | Nanjing | Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 Retreat and the 1992 Consensus) | |
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| Taipei | Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China on Taiwan | |
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| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Vichy France|name=France}} | rowspan="2" | 1940–1944 | Vichy | De facto administrative capital |
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| Paris | De jure constitutional capital, also capital for the German military administration |
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| rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Kingdom of Italy}} | rowspan="3" |1943–1944 | Brindisi (1943–Feb 1944) | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | De facto provisional capital | |
| Salerno (Feb–Jun 1944) | |
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| Rome | De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies |
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| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Italian Social Republic}} | rowspan="2" | 1943–1944 | Salò | De facto capital until 1944 when it became the primary capital |
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| Rome | De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies |
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| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Kingdom of Laos|name=Laos}} | rowspan="2" | 1947–1975 | Administrative capital |
| style="vertical-align:top;" | Royal capital |
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|rowspan="2" | {{LBY}} |rowspan="2" | 1951–1963 | Tripoli | rowspan="2" | One of two official capitals of the Kingdom of Libya, then Bayda became the capital of Libya from 1963 to 1969 | |
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| Benghazi | |
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|rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Malawi|1960}} |rowspan="2" | 1974–1994 | Lilongwe | Administrative and judiciary capital | |
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| Zomba | Legislative capital | |
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| rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg|size=23px}}{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Indonesia.svg|size=23px}} Netherlands-Indonesia Union | rowspan="2" |1948–1956 | |
| Batavia | |
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| rowspan="2" | {{NOR}} | rowspan="2" | 1940 | Oslo | Official capital |
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| Hamar | Temporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament[https://annomuseum.no/angrepet Kongens nei - 9. april] {{small|(Norwegian)}} |
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| rowspan="3" | {{PHL}} | rowspan="2" | 1948–1976 | Official capital |
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| Manila | De facto seat of government |
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| rowspan="1" | 1901–1976 | Baguio | Summer capital (still known as summer capital, outside of political use) |
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| rowspan="2" | {{Flagcountry|Serbia and Montenegro}} | rowspan="2" | 2003–2006 | Belgrade | Administrative and legislative capital |
| style="vertical-align:top;" | Judicial capital |