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List of designer drugs#Synthetic cannabinoids

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File:Designerdrugs.jpg

Designer drugs are structural or functional analogues of controlled substances that are designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the parent drug while avoiding detection or classification as illegal. Many of the older designer drugs (research chemicals) are structural analogues of psychoactive tryptamines or phenethylamines but there are many other chemically unrelated new psychoactive substances that can be considered part of the designer drug group.{{cite web | url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2013 | title=EMCDDA–Europol 2013 Annual Report on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances (implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA) | publisher=EMCDDA | date=July 2014 | access-date=8 August 2014 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2012 | title=EMCDDA–Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (New drugs in Europe, 2012) | publisher=EMCDDA | date=May 2013 | access-date=8 August 2014 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2011 | title=EMCDDA–Europol 2011 Annual Report on the (information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances) implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA | publisher=EMCDDA | date=April 2012 | access-date=8 August 2014 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2010 | title=EMCDDA–Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA | publisher=EMCDDA | date=May 2011| access-date=8 August 2014 }} Designer drugs can also include substances that are not psychoactive in effect, such as analogues of controlled anabolic steroids and other performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs), including nootropics, weight loss drugs and erectile dysfunction medications. The pharmaceutical activities of these compounds might not be predictable based strictly upon structural examination. Many of the substances have common effects while structurally different or different effects while structurally similar due to SAR paradox. As a result of no real official naming for some of these compounds, as well as regional naming, this can all lead to potentially hazardous mix ups for users.{{cite journal | vauthors = Shimizu E, Watanabe H, Kojima T, Hagiwara H, Fujisaki M, Miyatake R, Hashimoto K, Iyo M | display-authors = 6 | title = Combined intoxication with methylone and 5-MeO-MIPT | journal = Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 288–291 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 16876302 | doi = 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.012 | s2cid = 29089303 }} The following list is not exhaustive.

Androgens

Androgenic anabolic steroids have approved medical uses as well as illicit use as performance-enhancing drugs to build muscle mass and strength. Anabolic steroids that have been designed to evade detection in sport doping tests are known as "designer steroids".{{cite book | vauthors = Kazlauskas R | chapter = Designer Steroids | title = Doping in Sports | volume = 195 | issue = | pages = 155–85 | pmid = 20020364 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_7 | series = Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-3-540-79087-7 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Abushareeda W, Fragkaki A, Vonaparti A, Angelis Y, Tsivou M, Saad K, Kraiem S, Lyris E, Alsayrafi M, Georgakopoulos C | display-authors = 6 | title = Advances in the detection of designer steroids in anti-doping | journal = Bioanalysis | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 881–896 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24702116 | doi = 10.4155/bio.14.9 }}

= [[Testosterone (medication)|Testosterone]] based =

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= [[Dihydrotestosterone|DHT]] based =

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= [[Estranes]] =

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= SARMs =

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of androgen receptor ligands. They are intended to maintain the desirable muscle building effects of anabolic steroids while reducing undesirable androgenic actions (e.g., increased risk of prostate cancer). SARMs that are more selective in their action could potentially be used for a broader range of clinical indications other than the relatively limited legitimate uses that anabolic steroids are currently approved for.{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang X, Sui Z | title = Deciphering the selective androgen receptor modulators paradigm | journal = Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 191–218 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23231475 | doi = 10.1517/17460441.2013.741582 | s2cid = 2584722 }}

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Empathogens

Empathogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce distinctive emotional and social effects similar to those of MDMA. Users of empathogens say the drugs often produce feelings of empathy, love, and emotional closeness to others.

= MDxx =

Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (MDxx) are a large chemical class of derivatives of the phenethylamines, which includes many psychoactive drugs that act as entactogens, psychedelics, and/or stimulants, as well as entheogens.

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  • 5-Methoxymethylone, βk-MMDMA, "2-A1MP"
  • 5-Methylethylone, 5-Me-βk-MDEA, 5-ME
  • 5-Methyl-MDA
  • Butylone, βk-MBDB
  • Dibutylone, βk-DMBDB
  • Difluoromethylenedioxyamphetamine, DiFMDA
  • Dimethylone, βk-MDDMA, "M11"
  • Dipentylone, βk-DMBDP
  • EBDB, Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine
  • EDMA, Ethylenedioxymethylamphetamine
  • EFLEA, N-Hydroxy-EDMA{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=N-[1-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)propan-2-yl]-N-methylhydroxylamine|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/122213804| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Uchiyama N, Shimokawa Y, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Demizu Y, Goda Y, Hakamatsuka T | title = A synthetic cannabinoid FDU-NNEI, two 2H-indazole isomers of synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and NNEI indazole analog (MN-18), a phenethylamine derivative N-OH-EDMA, and a cathinone derivative dimethoxy-α-PHP, newly identified in illegal products | journal = Forensic Toxicology | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 244–259 | date = 1 July 2015 | pmid = 26257833 | pmc = 4525202 | doi = 10.1007/s11419-015-0268-7 }}
  • Ethylone, βk-MDEA
  • Eutylone, βk-EBDB, N-Ethyl-Butylone
  • FLEA, Methylenedioxyhydroxymethamphetamine, MDHMA
  • MBDP, Methylbenzodioxylpentanamine
  • MBDB, Methylbenzodioxylbutanamine, "Eden"
  • MDEA, Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, MDE, "Eve"
  • Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine, MDOH
  • Methylenedioxydeschlorobupropion, N-Tert-Butyl-Methylone
  • Methylone, βk-MDMA
  • MMDA, 5-MeO-MDA
  • MMDA-2, 6-MeO-MDA
  • Pentylone, βk-MBDP
  • Putylone, βk-PDBD, N-Propylbutylone

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= Benzofurans =

Benzofurans are similar in structure to MD(M)A but differ in that the methylenedioxy groups have been modified, removing one of the two oxygens in the methylenedioxy ring to render a benzofuran ring.

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= Miscellaneous polycyclic phenethylamines =

Indane and tetralin-type phenethylamines are vaguely related to their amphetamine analogues.

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Only one non-tryptamine indole has been sold, 5-IT. It shows strong MAOI activity.

  • 5-IT, 5-API, PAL-571

= Tryptamines =

Drugs containing the tryptamine moiety are typically substrates for the serotonin receptors, in keeping with their close structural resemblance to serotonin, a neurotransmitter.

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  • αET, α-Ethyltryptamine, "Monase"
  • 5-MeO-αET, α,O-Diethylserotonin
  • αMT, α-Methyltryptamine, "Indopan"
  • 5-MeO-αMT, α,O-Dimethylserotonin

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= Amphetamines =

Substituted amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. They feature a phenethylamine core with a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon resulting in amphetamine, along with additional substitutions.

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  • 4-BA, 4-Bromoamphetamine, PBA
  • 4-CA, 4-Chloroamphetamine, PCA
  • 4-CMA, 4-Chloromethamphetamine, PCMA
  • 4-FA, 4-Fluoroamphetamine, PFA
  • 4-FMA, 4-Fluoromethamphetamine, PFMA
  • 4-Fluoroselegiline, 4F-Deprenyl
  • 4-MA, 4-Methylamphetamine, PAL-313
  • 4-MeOA, 4-Methoxyamphetamine, PMA, 4-MeO-A, "Death"
  • 4-MeOMA, 4-Methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA, 4-MeO-MA
  • 4-MTA, 4-Methylthioamphetamine
  • Methamnetamine, N-Methyl-PAL-287, Methylnaphetamine, MNT, MNA
  • MMA, 3-Methoxy-4-Methylamphetamine
  • 3-FEA, 3F-Ethamphetamine, 3-Fluoroethamphetamine}}

= Phenethylamines =

Drugs containing the phenethylamine moiety bear close structural resemblance to dopamine but substitution on the benzene ring gives rise to drugs with a much higher affinity for serotonin receptors.

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Dissociatives

Dissociatives are a class of hallucinogens which distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment - dissociation - from the environment and self. This is done through reducing or blocking signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. Although many kinds of drugs are capable of such action, dissociatives are unique in that they do so in such a way that they produce hallucinogenic effects, which may include sensory deprivation, dissociation, hallucinations, and dream-like states or trances. Some, which are nonselective in action and affect the dopamine and/or opioid systems, may be capable of inducing euphoria. Many dissociatives have general depressant effects and can produce sedation, respiratory depression, analgesia, anesthesia, and ataxia, as well as cognitive and memory impairment and amnesia.

= Arylcyclohexylamines =

Arylcyclohexylamines are the oldest and most widely used dissociatives. The class includes the well known anaesthetic, ketamine.

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| publisher=VBCHEMICALS LTD | date=2023 | access-date=21 May 2024}} Fluoroketamine, 2-Fluoroketamine

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= Diarylethylamines =

Diarylethylamines began to appear on grey markets only as recently as 2013.

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= Misc =

Nootropics

{{transcluded section|Nootropic|part=yes|title=Nootropic § Types}}

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=Examples=

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PDE5 inhibitors

PDE5 inhibitors are typically used to treat pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction.{{Citation |last1=Dhaliwal |first1=Armaan |title=PDE5 Inhibitors |date=2023 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549843/ |work=StatPearls |access-date=2023-10-24 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=31751033 |last2=Gupta |first2=Mohit}}

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Peptides

= GHRH analogues =

GHRH analogues stimulate the release of growth hormone.

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= Growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonists =

Agonists of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor stimulate the release of growth hormone through the ghrelin receptor.

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= Others =

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Piperazines

Piperazine containing designer drugs have effects similar to MDMA (ecstasy). This class of drugs are mimics of serotonin that activate 5-HT receptor subtypes that release norepinephrine and dopamine.

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Psychedelics

{{see also|List of psychedelic drugs}}

A psychedelic substance is a psychoactive drug whose primary action is to alter cognition and perception. Psychedelics tend to affect and explore the mind in ways that result in the experience being qualitatively different from those of ordinary consciousness. The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as trance, meditation, yoga, religious ecstasy, dreaming and even near-death experiences.

= Lysergamides =

Lysergamides are amide derivatives of the alkaloid lysergic acid.

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  • 1B-LSD, 1-Butanoyl-LSD
  • 1cP-AL-LAD, 1-Cyclopropionyl-6-Allyl-6-Nor-LSD
  • 1cP-LSD, 1-Cyclopropionyl-LSD
  • 1cP-MiPLA, 1-Cyclopropionylmethylisopropyllysergamide
  • 1D-LSD, 1,2-Dimethylcyclobutane-1-carbonyllysergamide
  • 1P-AL-LAD, 1-Propionyl-AL-LAD{{cite journal | vauthors = Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV, Westphal F, Pulver B, Schwelm HM, Whitelock K, Stratford A, Auwärter V, Halberstadt AL | display-authors = 6 | title = Analytical profile, in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1P-AL-LAD | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 1503–1518 | date = August 2022 | pmid = 35524430 | pmc = 9546273 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3281 }}
  • 1P-ETH-LAD, 1-Propionyl-ETH-LAD
  • 1P-LSD, 1-Propionyl-LSD
  • 1V-LSD, 1-Valeroyl-LSD, Valerie
  • ALD-52, 1-Acetyl-LSD
  • AL-LAD, 6-Allyl-6-Nor-LSD
  • ETH-LAD, 6-Ethyl-6-Nor-LSD
  • LSM-775, N-Morpholinyllysergamide
  • LSZ, LA-SS-Az
  • MiPLA, Methylisopropyllysergamide

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= Tryptamines =

Drugs containing the tryptamine moiety are typically substrates for the serotonin receptors, in keeping with their close structural resemblance to serotonin, a neurotransmitter.

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= Benzofurans =

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== 2C-x ==

2C-x class of psychedelics are 2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine derivatives.

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  • 2C-B
  • 2C-B-AN, Brolphetaminil{{Cite book | vauthors = Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C | title = Phenethylamine Von der Struktur zur Funktion | publisher = Nachtschatten Verlag AG | date = 2013 | isbn = 978-3-03788-700-4}}
  • 2C-B-FLY
  • 2C-C
  • 2C-D, 2C-M
  • 2C-E, "Europa"
  • 2C-G
  • 2C-iP, "Jelena"
  • 2C-I
  • 2C-P
  • 2C-T-2
  • 2C-T-4
  • 2C-T-7
  • 2C-T-21
  • βk-2C-B
  • BOB, β-Methoxy-2C-B
  • BOD, β-Methoxy-2C-D
  • BOH-2C-B, β-Hydroxy-2C-B, βOH-2CB{{cite journal | vauthors = Glennon RA, Bondarev ML, Khorana N, Young R, May JA, Hellberg MR, McLaughlin MA, Sharif NA | display-authors = 6 | title = Beta-oxygenated analogues of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist 1-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 47 | issue = 24 | pages = 6034–6041 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15537358 | doi = 10.1021/jm040082s }}{{citation|title=Beta-hydroxyphenylalkylamines and their use for treating glaucoma|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060106106A1/en}}
  • HOT-7
  • N-Ethyl-2C-B

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== NBxx ==

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== NNxx ==

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25-NM:

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== DOx ==

The DOx family of psychedelics are also known as "substituted amphetamines" as they contain the amphetamine backbone but are substituted on the benzene ring. This gives rise to serotonin agonists similar to the 2C-X class but more resistant to elimination in the body.

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Sedatives

Sedatives are substances that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. At higher doses they may result in slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Doses of sedatives such as benzodiazepines, when used as a hypnotic to induce sleep, tend to be higher than amounts used to relieve anxiety, whereas only low doses are needed to provide a peaceful effect.

Sedatives can be misused to produce an overly-calming effect. In the event of an overdose or if combined with another sedative, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and even death.

= Alcohols =

{{also|Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks}}

= Opioids =

{{see also|List of opioids|List of fentanyl analogues}}

Opioids have pharmacologic actions resembling morphine and other components of opium.

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==N-(2C)-fentanyl==

{{main|N-(2C)-fentanyl}}

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  • N-(2C-B) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-B)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=7561 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-C) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-C)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14010 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-D) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-D)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14008 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-E) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-E)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14013 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-G) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-G)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14011 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-H) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-H)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=9531 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-I) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-I)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14009 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-IP) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-IP)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14022 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-N) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-N)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=13234 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-P) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-P) fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14023 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-T) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-T)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14019 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-T-2) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-T-2)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14025 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-T-4) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-T-4)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14027 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-T-7) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-T-7)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14026 |website=isomerdesign.com}}
  • N-(2C-TFM) fentanyl{{cite web |title=Explore N-(2C-TFM)-Fentanyl {{!}} PiHKAL · info |url=https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=14028 |website=isomerdesign.com}}

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= Benzodiazepines =

{{see also|List of benzodiazepines}}

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  • 3-Hydroxyphenazepam
  • 4'-Chlorodeschloroalprazolam{{cite journal | vauthors = Trigg S, Wells JM, McGann J, Bock S, Holman A, Harrison SM, Goh CY, Moggach SA, Brown DH | display-authors = 6 | title = The alprazolam analogue 4'-chloro deschloroalprazolam identified in seized capsules | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 14 | issue = 9 | pages = 1672–1680 | date = September 2022 | pmid = 35666014 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3325 | s2cid = 249382539 }}
  • Adinazolam
  • Bromazolam, 2'-Desfluoroflubromazolam, 8-Bromodeschloroalprazolam
  • Clonazolam, 8-Nitrodeschlorotriazolam, Clonitrazolam
  • Cloniprazepam, 1-Cyclopropylmethylclonazepam
  • Desalkylgidazepam, Deschlorophenazepam{{cite web|title=ChemIDplus - 7-Bromo-5-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one|url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/2894-61-3|website=chem.nlm.nih.gov}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Andronati SA, Zin'kovskiĭ VG, Totrova MI, Golovenko NI, Stankevich EA, Zhuk OV | title = [Biokinetics of a new prodrug gidazepam and its metabolite] | journal = Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny | volume = 113 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–47 | date = January 1992 | pmid = 1356504 }}
  • Desmethylflunitrazepam, Fonazepam
  • Diclazepam, 2'-Chlorodiazepam
  • Flualprazolam, Fludiazolam
  • Flubromazepam
  • Flubromazolam
  • Flunitrazolam, 2'-Fluorodeschloroclonazolam
  • Meclonazepam, 3-Methylclonazepam
  • N-Desalkylflurazepam, Norflurazepam
  • Nimetazepam, 3-Hydroxynimetazepam
  • Nifoxipam, 3-Hydroxydesmethylflunitrazepam
  • Nitrazolam
  • Phenazepam
  • Pyrazolam
  • Ro5-4864, 4'-Chlorodiazepam

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== Thienodiazepines ==

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= GHB analogues =

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= Methaqualone analogues =

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= Misc =

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Stimulants

Stimulants produce a variety of different kinds of effects by enhancing the activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Common effects, which vary depending on the substance and dosage in question, may include enhanced alertness, awareness, wakefulness, endurance, productivity, and motivation, increased arousal, locomotion, heart rate, and blood pressure, and the perception of a diminished requirement for food and sleep.

= Amphetamines =

Amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. They feature a phenethylamine core with a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon resulting in amphetamine, along with additional substitutions.

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= Cathinones =

Cathinones include some stimulants and entactogens, which are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions.

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  • 2-Chloromethcathinone, 2-CMC
  • 2-Fluoromethcathinone, 2-FMC{{cite web | url=https://www.swgdrug.org/Monographs/2-FMC.pdf | title=2-FMC | publisher=SWGDRUG | date=2013 | access-date=19 August 2014}}
  • 2-Methylethcathinone, 2-MEC{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/11221 | title=2-Methylethcathinone | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=6 September 2015}}
  • 2-Methylmethcathinone, 2-MMC
  • 2,4-Dimethylethcathinone, 2,4-DMEC{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=2,4-Dimethylethcathinone|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/82100531| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • 2,4-Dimethylmethcathinone, 2-Methylmephedrone, 2,4-DMMC{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=2,4-Dimethylmethcathinone|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/82100563| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone, 3,4-DMMC
  • 3,4-Dimethyl-N-ethylbuphedrone, 3,4-DMNEB{{cite journal| vauthors = Kaizaki-Mitsumoto A, Noguchi N, Yamaguchi S, Odanaka Y, Matsubayashi S, Kumamoto H, Fukuhara K, Funada M, Wada K, Numazawa S | display-authors = 6 |title=Three 25-NBOMe-type drugs, three other phenethylamine-type drugs (25I-NBMD, RH34, and escaline), eight cathinone derivatives, and a phencyclidine analog MMXE, newly identified in ingredients of drug products before they were sold on the drug market |journal=Forensic Toxicology |date=January 2016 |issn=1860-8965 |pages=108–114 |volume=34 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s11419-015-0293-6 | s2cid = 45890497 }}
  • 3,4-Dimethyl-N-ethylpentedrone, 3,4-DMNPD
  • 3-Chloromethcathinone, 3-CMC, Clophedrone
  • 3-Chloroethcathinone, 3-CEC
  • 3-Ethylethcathinone, 3-EEC{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/11198 | title=3-Ethylethcathinone | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=29 September 2015}}
  • 3-Fluoromethcathinone, 3-FMC
  • 3-Fluoro-4-methylmethcathinone, 3-Fluoromephedrone
  • 3-Methoxymethcathinone, 3-MeOMC{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/9001187 | title=3-MeOMC | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=27 December 2014}}
  • 3-Methylethcathinone, 3-MEC{{cite web | url=https://www.swgdrug.org/Monographs/3-MEC.pdf | title=3-MEC | publisher=SWGDRUG | date=2013 | access-date=19 August 2014}}
  • 3-Methylmethcathinone, 3-MMC{{cite web | url=https://vbchemicalsltd.com/product/3-mmc-powder | title=3-MMC Powder

| publisher=VBCHEMICALS LTD | date=2023 | access-date=5 May 2024}}

  • 4-Bromomethcathinone, 4-BMC, Brephedrone
  • 4-Bromoethcathinone, 4-BEC{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=CID 82100370|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/82100370| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • 4-Chlorobutylcathinone, 4-CBC
  • 4-Chlorodimethylcathinone, 4-CDMC
  • 4-Chloroethcathinone, 4-CEC{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3313687 | title=US Patent 3313687 - Appetite-suppressing and weight reducing composition | date=11 April 1967 | vauthors = Harm S }}
  • 4-Chloroisopropylcathinone, 4-CiPC
  • 4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-CMC, Clephedrone
  • 4-Ethylethcathinone, 4-EEC
  • 4-Ethylmethcathinone, 4-EMC
  • 4-Fluoroethcathinone, 4-FEC
  • 4-Fluoromethcathinone, Flephedrone, 4-FMC
  • 4-Fluoro-NiPP, 4F-IVP, 4-Fluoro-N-Isopropylpentedrone, 4-Fluoro-α-Isopropylamino-Valerophenone, 4-Fluoro-iPAVP, 4-Fluoro-NPP{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/9002414 | title=4F-IVP | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=29 September 2015}}
  • 4-Fluoropentedrone, 4-FPD{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/9002182 | title=4-FPD | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=7 April 2015}}
  • 4-Methyl-α-Ethylaminopentiophenone, 4-MEAPP, N-Ethyl-4-Methylpentedrone
  • 4-Methylbuphedrone, 4-MeMABP, BZ-6378
  • 4-Methylcathinone, 4-MC, Normephedrone
  • 4-Methyldimethcathinone, 4-MDMC{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/17393 | title=4-methyl-N,N-DMC | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=7 April 2015}}
  • 4-Methylethcathinone, 4-MEC
  • 4-Methylpentedrone, 4-MPD
  • 4-Methylpropylcathinone, 4-MPC
  • Benzedrone, 4-MBC
  • Buphedrone, α-Methylamino-Butyrophenone, MABP
  • DL-4662, Dimethoxyethylpentedrone, VEVP{{cite journal | vauthors = Weiß JA, Taschwer M, Kunert O, Schmid MG | title = Analysis of a new drug of abuse: cathinone derivative 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one | journal = Journal of Separation Science | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 825–828 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25545103 | doi = 10.1002/jssc.201401052 }}
  • Ephylone, N-Ethylpentylone, βk-Ethyl-K, βk-EBDP
  • Ethcathinone, EC
  • Hexedrone, α-Methylamino-Caprophenone
  • 4-Methylmethcathinone, Mephedrone, 4-MMC, 4-Methylephedrone, "MCAT"
  • 4-Methoxymethcathinone, Methedrone, βk-PMMA, 4-Methoxyephedrone, 4-MeoMC
  • Mexedrone
  • N,N-Diethyl-4-Methcathinone, N,N-DEMC
  • N-Ethylbuphedrone, NEB
  • N-Ethylheptedrone, HEP
  • N-Ethylhexedrone, NEH, "Hexen"
  • N-Ethylpentedrone, NEP
  • 4-Fluoro-N-Ethylbuphedrone, 4-Fluoro-NEB, 4-FNEB
  • NiPH, N-Isopropylnorhexedrone
  • NiPP, α-Isopropylamino-Valerophenone, iPAVP, N-Isopropylnorpentedrone, NPP{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=N-Isopropylpentedrone|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/119057572| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • Pentedrone, α-Methylamino-Valerophenone, MAVP, PD
  • α-Ethylaminopentiophenone, EAPP, N-Ethylpentedrone{{cite journal | vauthors = Uchiyama N, Matsuda S, Kawamura M, Shimokawa Y, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Aritake K, Urade Y, Goda Y | display-authors = 6 | title = Characterization of four new designer drugs, 5-chloro-NNEI, NNEI indazole analog, α-PHPP and α-POP, with 11 newly distributed designer drugs in illegal products | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 243 | pages = 1–13 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 24769262 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.013 }}
  • βk-IBP, Indanyl-N-ethylbuphedrone
  • βk-IVP, Indanyl-N-ethylpentedrone{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=1-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/129844562| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}

}}

= Pyrrolidines and Pyrrolidinophenones =

Pyrrolidines are amphetamines with a pyrrolidine group. Pyrrolidinophenones (also called Pyrovalerones) are cathinones (βk-amphetamines) with a pyrrolidine group.

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Thiophenes =

Thiophenes are stimulant drugs which are analogues of amphetamine or cathinone where the phenyl ring has been replaced by thiophene.

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Tropanes and Piperidines =

Tropane alkaloids occur in plants of the families erythroxylaceae (including coca). Piperidine and its derivatives are ubiquitous building blocks in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Oxazolidines =

Oxazolidines are a five-membered ring compounds consisting of three carbons, a nitrogen, and an oxygen. The oxygen and NH are the 1 and 3 positions, respectively. In oxazolidine derivatives, there is always a carbon between the oxygen and the nitrogen.

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Phenylmorpholines =

Phenylmorpholines are a class of stimulants containing a phenethylamine skeleton in which the terminal amine is incorporated into a morpholine ring.

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Misc =

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

  • 1,3-Dimethylbutylamine, 1,3-DMBA, "AMP-Citrate"
  • 2-AI
  • 2-MPPP, 2-methyl-1-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
  • 4-Fluorodimethocaine
  • Amfonelic acid, AFA, WIN 25,978
  • Bromantane
  • Camfetamine
  • CRL-40,940, Bisfluoromodafinil
  • CRL-40,941, Fladrafinil, Fluorafinil
  • Diclofensine, Ro 8-4650
  • Dimethocaine, Larocaine
  • Homomazindol
  • Mephtetramine, MTTA{{cite journal | vauthors = Power JD, Scott KR, Gardner EA, Curran McAteer BM, O'Brien JE, Brehon M, Talbot B, Kavanagh PV | display-authors = 6 | title = The syntheses, characterization and in vitro metabolism of nitracaine, methoxypiperamide and mephtetramine | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 6 | issue = 7–8 | pages = 668–675 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24574100 | doi = 10.1002/dta.1616 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Odoardi S, Mestria S, Biosa G, Arfè R, Tirri M, Marti M, Strano Rossi S | title = Metabolism study and toxicological determination of mephtetramine in biological samples by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 13 | issue = 8 | pages = 1516–1526 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 33835674 | pmc = 8453881 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3044 | doi-access = free }}
  • Methylhexanamine, DMAA
  • Modafiendz, Methyldifluoromodafinil{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylsulfinyl]-N-methylacetamide|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/132989661| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}

}}

Synthetic cannabinoids

{{main|Synthetic cannabinoid}}

Agonists of the central cannabinoid receptor type 1 mimic the behavioral effects of cannabis.

= Classical cannabinoids =

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Cyclohexeylphenol cannabinoids =

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

= Miscellaneous cannabinoids =

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

  • 3-(4-Hydroxymethylbenzoyl)-1-pentylindole
  • 5F-AB-FUPPYCA, AZ-037
  • 5F-MDA-19
  • 5F-PCN, 5F-MN-21
  • A-836,339
  • AB-CHFUPYCA
  • BAY 38-7271
  • BIM-018
  • CB-13
  • EG-018
  • EG-2201{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/16884 | title=EG-2201 | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=27 October 2015}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Mogler L, Franz F, Wilde M, Huppertz LM, Halter S, Angerer V, Moosmann B, Auwärter V | display-authors = 6 | title = Phase I metabolism of the carbazole-derived synthetic cannabinoids EG-018, EG-2201, and MDMB-CHMCZCA and detection in human urine samples | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 10 | issue = 9 | pages = 1417–1429 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 29726116 | doi = 10.1002/dta.2398 }}
  • FUBIMINA, BIM-2201, BZ-2201, FTHJ
  • JTE-907
  • JTE 7-31
  • LY-2183240
  • MDA-19
  • MDMB-CHMCZCA, EGMB-CHMINACA{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=Methyl (S)-2-(9-(cyclohexylmethyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/121231159| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • NESS-0327
  • NESS-040C5
  • NNL-1
  • QMPSB
  • WIN 55,212-2

}}

= Indazole based =

Indazole containing cannabinoid receptor agonists include:

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

  • 4F-ADB, 4F-MDMB-PINACA
  • 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA{{cite journal | vauthors = Krotulski AJ, Mohr AL, Kacinko SL, Fogarty MF, Shuda SA, Diamond FX, Kinney WA, Menendez MJ, Logan BK | display-authors = 6 | title = 4F-MDMB-BINACA: A New Synthetic Cannabinoid Widely Implicated in Forensic Casework | journal = Journal of Forensic Sciences | volume = 64 | issue = 5 | pages = 1451–1461 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 31260580 | doi = 10.1111/1556-4029.14101 | s2cid = 195770459 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Haschimi B, Mogler L, Halter S, Giorgetti A, Schwarze B, Westphal F, Fischmann S, Auwärter V | display-authors = 6 | title = Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA in "legal high" products and human urine specimens | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 11 | issue = 9 | pages = 1377–1386 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 31228224 | doi = 10.1002/dta.2666 | s2cid = 195260495 }}
  • 4CN-ADB, 4CN-MDMB-PINACA
  • 5C-APINACA, 5C-AKB48{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=5-Chloro AKB48|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/129514129| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • 5F-AB-PINACA
  • 5F-ADB-PINACA
  • 5F-ADB, 5F-MDMB-PINACA
  • 5F-AMB
  • 5F-APINACA, 5F-AKB48
  • 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, SGT-25, C-Liquid
  • 5F-EMB-PINACA, 5F-AEB
  • 5F-MN-18{{cite web | url=http://forendex.safs1966.org/index.php/detail/index/1269 | title=5F-MN-18 | publisher=Southern Association of Forensic Scientists | work=Forendex | access-date=12 August 2014}}
  • 5F-NPB-22{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/15536 | title=5F-NPB-22 | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=9 May 2015}}
  • 5F-SDB-005{{cite web | url=http://forendex.safs1966.org/index.php/detail/index/1273 | title=5F-SDB-005 | publisher=Forendex. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists | access-date=13 August 2014}}
  • AB-CHMINACA
  • AB-FUBINACA, PX-4
  • AB-PINACA
  • ADAMANTYL-THPINACA
  • ADB-BINACA, ADB-BUTINACA
  • ADB-CHMINACA, MAB-CHMINACA, "MA-CHMINACA"
  • ADB-FUBINACA, MAB-FUBINACA
  • ADB-PINACA, MAB-PINACA
  • ADSB-FUB-187
  • AMB{{cite web | url=http://forendex.safs1966.org/index.php/detail/index/1267 | title=AMB | publisher=Forendex. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists | access-date=13 August 2014}}
  • AMB-CHMINACA, "MA-CHMINACA"
  • AMB-FUBINACA, FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA
  • APINACA, AKB48
  • APP-BINACA, APP‐BUTINACA{{cite journal | vauthors = Krotulski AJ, Mohr AL, Diamond FX, Logan BK | title = Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 136–144 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31788963 | doi = 10.1002/dta.2698 | doi-access = free }}
  • APP-FUBINACA, PX-4
  • BiPICANA{{cite journal | title=Identification of N,N-bis(1-pentylindol-3-yl-carboxy)naphthylamine (BiPICANA) found in an herbal blend product in the Tokyo metropolitan area and its cannabimimetic effects evaluated by in vitro [35S]GTPγS binding assays | vauthors = Nakajima JI, Takahashi M, Uemura N, Seto T, Fukaya H, Suzuki J, Yoshida M, Kusano M, Nakayama H, Zaitsu K, Ishii A | display-authors = 6 | journal=Forensic Toxicology |date=November 2014 | doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0253-6 | volume=33 | pages=84–92| s2cid = 25165289 }}
  • CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, SGT-78
  • CUMYL-PINACA, SGT-24
  • CUMYL-THPINACA, SGT-42
  • Cumyl-TsINACA{{cite journal | vauthors = Pulver B, Schönberger T, Weigel D, Köck M, Eschenlohr Y, Lucas T, Podlesnik N, Opatz T, Dreiseitel W, Pütz M, Schäper J, Jacobsen-Bauer A, Auwärter V, Westphal F | display-authors = 6 | title = Structure elucidation of the novel synthetic cannabinoid Cumyl-Tosyl-Indazole-3-Carboxamide (Cumyl-TsINACA) found in illicit products in Germany | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 1387–1406 | date = August 2022 | pmid = 35338591 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3261 | s2cid = 247713676 }}
  • EMB-FUBINACA,{{cite journal |last1=Pulver |first1=Benedikt |last2=Fischmann |first2=Svenja |last3=Gallegos |first3=Ana |last4=Christie |first4=Rachel |title=EMCDDA framework and practical guidance for naming synthetic cannabinoids |journal=Drug Testing and Analysis |date=March 2023 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=255–276 |doi=10.1002/dta.3403|pmid=36346325 }} FU-AEB{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=Ethyl (2S)-2-[[1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]indazole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoate|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/125181443| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • FAB-144
  • FUB-APINACA, FUB-AKB48
  • FUB-NPB-22{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/16883 | title=FUB-NPB-22 | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=9 May 2015}}
  • IPO-33
  • MDMB-4en-PINACA
  • MDMB-CHMINACA, MDMB(N)-CHM
  • MDMB-FUBINACA, MDMB(N)-Bz-F, MDMB-Bz-F, FUB-MDMB
  • MN-18
  • NPB-22{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/product/15535 | title=NPB-22 | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=9 May 2015}}
  • PX-2, 5F-APP-PINACA, FU-PX, PPA(N)-2201
  • PX-3, APP-CHMINACA
  • SDB-005
  • THJ-018
  • THJ-2201

}}

= Indole based =

Indole containing cannabinoid receptor agonists include:

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

  • 4-HTMPIPO
  • 4F-MDMB-BICA
  • 5C-MN-24, 5C-NNEI
  • 5F-AB-PICA{{cite journal | vauthors = Banister SD, Moir M, Stuart J, Kevin RC, Wood KE, Longworth M, Wilkinson SM, Beinat C, Buchanan AS, Glass M, Connor M, McGregor IS, Kassiou M | display-authors = 6 | title = Pharmacology of Indole and Indazole Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs AB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, ADB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB-PINACA, ADBICA, and 5F-ADBICA | journal = ACS Chemical Neuroscience | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 1546–1559 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26134475 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00112 }}
  • 5F-ADBICA
  • 5F-AMB-PICA, I-AMB, MMB-2201
  • 5F-AMP
  • 5F-EDMB-PICA
  • 5F-EMB-PICA
  • 5F-NNE1, 5F-NNEI, 5F-MN-24
  • 5F-PY-PICA{{cite web| work = PubChem|title=[1-(5-Fluoropentyl)indol-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/129520948| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine}}
  • 5F-SDB-006
  • AB-005
  • AB-BICA{{cite journal | vauthors = Qian Z, Hua Z, Liu C, Jia W | title = Four types of cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives, ADB-BINACA, AB-FUBICA, ADB-FUBICA, and AB-BICA, identified as new psychoactive substances | journal = Forensic Toxicology | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 133–143 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26793280 | pmc = 4705129 | doi = 10.1007/s11419-015-0297-2 }}
  • AB-FUBICA
  • AB-PICA
  • ADB-BICA{{cite journal | vauthors = Qian Z, Jia W, Li T, Hua Z, Liu C | title = Identification and analytical characterization of four synthetic cannabinoids ADB-BICA, NNL-1, NNL-2, and PPA(N)-2201 | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 51–60 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27239006 | doi = 10.1002/dta.1990 }}
  • ADB-FUBIATA{{cite journal | vauthors = Deventer MH, Van Uytfanghe K, Vinckier IM, Reniero F, Guillou C, Stove CP | title = A new cannabinoid receptor 1 selective agonist evading the 2021 "China ban": ADB-FUBIATA | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 14 | issue = 9 | pages = 1639–1644 | date = September 2022 | pmid = 35570246 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3285 | hdl = 1854/LU-01GQ757043ZZ4MNSKMZ52FAKJ1 | s2cid = 248812121 | url = https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01GQ757043ZZ4MNSKMZ52FAKJ1 | hdl-access = free }}
  • ADB-FUBICA
  • ADBICA, ADB-PICA
  • APICA, SDB-001, 2NE1
  • AMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMICA, "MA-CHMINACA"
  • BzODZ-EPyr
  • CH-PIACA{{cite journal | vauthors = Pasin D, Nedahl M, Mollerup CB, Tortzen C, Reitzel LA, Dalsgaard PW | title = Identification of the synthetic cannabinoid-type new psychoactive substance, CH-PIACA, in seized material | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 14 | issue = 9 | pages = 1645–1651 | date = September 2022 | pmid = 35687099 | pmc = 9544820 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3333 }}
  • CUMYL-PEGACLONE, SGT-151
  • CUMYL-PICA
  • FDU-NNE1, FDU-NNEI, FDU-MN-24
  • FUB-144, FUB-UR-144
  • LTI-701
  • MDMB-CHMICA, incorrectly known as MMB-CHMINACA
  • MDMB-FUBICA
  • MEPIRAPIM
  • MN-25
  • NNE1, NNEI, MN-24
  • NNL-2
  • Org 28611, SCH-900,111
  • PTI-1
  • PTI-2
  • PX-1, 5F-APP-PICA, SRF-30
  • SDB-006
  • STS-135, 5F-APICA
  • UR-144
  • XLR-11, 5F-UR-144

}}

== Quinolinylindoles ==

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

== Benzoylindoles ==

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

== Adamantoylindoles ==

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

== Naphthoylindoles ==

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

}}

== Phenylacetylindoles ==

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

  • JWH-167
  • JWH-203
  • JWH-249
  • JWH-250
  • JWH-251
  • JWH-320{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiley JL, Lefever TW, Cortes RA, Marusich JA | title = Cross-substitution of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and JWH-018 in drug discrimination in rats | journal = Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior | volume = 124 | pages = 123–128 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 24887450 | pmc = 4150816 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.016 }}
  • RCS-8

}}

=Others=

  • 3-Aminoisobutyric acid
  • Acadesine, AICAR
  • AWRQNTRYSRIEAIKIQILSKLRL-amide{{cite journal | vauthors = Takayama K, Noguchi Y, Aoki S, Takayama S, Yoshida M, Asari T, Yakushiji F, Nishimatsu S, Ohsawa Y, Itoh F, Negishi Y, Sunada Y, Hayashi Y | display-authors = 6 | title = Identification of the minimum peptide from mouse myostatin prodomain for human myostatin inhibition | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 58 | issue = 3 | pages = 1544–1549 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25569186 | doi = 10.1021/jm501170d }}
  • Anserine
  • beta-Hydroxybutyric acid

See also

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

{{Div col end}}

References

{{reflist|33em}}

*Designer drugs