List of future astronomical events#After 10,000 AD
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A list of future observable astronomical events, of the classical variety: those seen by eyesight, or happen within the Solar System. These are by no means all events, but only the notable or rare ones. In particular, it does not include all solar eclipses or lunar eclipses unless otherwise notable, as they are far too numerous to list (see below for articles with lists of all these). Nor does it list astronomical events that have yet to be discovered. Some points of the list miss the last date of the events.
21st century
22nd to 30th centuries
Long solar eclipses
:1The eclipse of 2045 will be visible from the United States, producing a path from California to Florida. Some parts of Florida are predicted to experience totality for six minutes, the longest in US history.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
:2Exceeding 7 minutes of totality, this will be the first time this has happened in 177 years; the last one occurred on June 30, 1973,[http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/5MCSEmap/1901-2000/1973-06-30.gif Solar eclipse of June 30, 1973] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307200925/http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/5MCSEmap/1901-2000/1973-06-30.gif |date=March 7, 2008 }} NASA solar eclipse web page. when the Concorde prototype followed the totality spot for 73 minutes.
:3Largest total solar eclipse in the 3rd millennium, with a magnitude of 1.08074[http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2168-07-05.gif Eclipse of July 5, 2168] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307200923/http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2168-07-05.gif |date=March 7, 2008 }}. NASA solar eclipse web page.
:4Very close to the theoretical maximum.
:5"Crowning" this series. This is predicted to be the longest eclipse during the current 10,000-year period, from 4000 BC to 6000 AD (eclipse predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC.DEPP).[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721050427/http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcatmax/SEcatmax.html Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses]. NASA solar eclipse web page.
:6"Crowning" this series.
:7This will be the longest solar eclipse of the 25th century.
:8"Crowning" at the top the series.
:9First total solar eclipse visible from London since 2151.{{cite web|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=21510614|title=NASA – Total Solar Eclipse of 2151 June 14|website=eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=October 21, 2020|archive-date=August 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817005603/http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=21510614|url-status=live}} The width of its path is predicted to be exceptionally wide at its maximum point.
:10"Crowning" this series.
:11"Crowning" this series.
:12"Crowning" this series.
4th to 8th millennia
| class="wikitable"
!Date !Event | |
| 3089 December 18
| First transit of Venus which is not part of a pair since November 23, 1396. | |
| 3332 December 20 | |
| c. 3600
| The expected return of Comet Donati that last appeared in 1858. | |
| 3711-12
| Multi-triple conjunction between Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. | |
| 3973 July 13
| At 18:54:49 UTC a long (7 min 12 s) total solar eclipse. | |
| 3991 July 25
| At 02:29:22 UTC a long (7 min 18 s) total solar eclipse. | |
| 4009 August 4
| At 10:00:56 UTC a long (7 min 12 s) total solar eclipse. | |
| 4285 August 6 | |
| 4296 November 22
| Venus occults Antares. | |
| 4385
| Comet Hale–Bopp is expected to return to the inner Solar System. It last dominated the skies of Earth in 1996–97. | |
| 4557 November 10
| Venus occults Regulus. | |
| 4747 August 14
| Venus occults Regulus. | |
| c. 4785
| The Great Comet of 1811 (with a 1.38 year observation arc) may return. | |
| 4903 June 29
| At 08:55:01 UTC a long (7 min 0 s) total solar eclipse. | |
| 4921 August 8
| At 16:28:39 UTC a long (7 min 3 s) total solar eclipse. | |
| 5001 September 11 | |
| {{abbreviation|c.|circa (about)}} 5200
| Due to axial precession, ι Cephei will replace the previous target, γ Cephei, as Earth's northern pole star (the next naked eye North star will be Deneb, c.9800). | |
| 5366 August 27
| Venus occults Aldebaran, the first occultation of Aldebaran by a planet since July 15, 18,980 BC. | |
| 5898 August 30
| Venus occults Regulus. | |
| 5963 August 16
|Longest hybrid solar eclipse between 4000 BC and 6000 AD occurs, lasting 1 minute and 52 seconds. It is of Solar Saros 267.{{Cite web|title=Catalog of Long Hybrid Solar Eclipses: -3999 to 6000|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcatmax/SE-3999-6000MaxH.html|access-date=2021-01-22|website=eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318051640/https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcatmax/SE-3999-6000MaxH.html|url-status=live}} | |
| 5974 September 25
| Mercury occults Regulus. | |
| 6212 November 7 | |
| 6587 September 9
|Venus occults Regulus. | |
| 6727 August 25
| Mars occults Regulus for the first time since June 28, 17,619 BCE. Despite the over 24,300-year wait, it will happen three more times over the next 677 years. | |
| 6757 July 5
| There is anticipated to be a simultaneous solar eclipse and transit of Mercury, the first such simultaneous eclipse and planetary transit in recorded history.{{Cite web |url=http://transit.savage-garden.org/sedt/24/ |title=Simultaneous occurrence of solar eclipse and transit of Mercury 6757 July 05 |access-date=September 2, 2014 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085836/http://transit.savage-garden.org/sedt/24 |url-status=live }} | |
| 7541 February 16 | rowspan=2 | Jupiter occults Saturn (the first time since prehistoric times, and the first of a double row in a year, the only occurrence of this for perhaps at least a million years).{{cite web |url=http://www.solexorb.it/SolexOld/Jusatocc.txt |title=Was an occultation of Saturn by Jupiter ever seen, or will it ever be seen from Earth? |first=Aldo |last=Vitagliano |website=solexorb.it |author-link=Solex (software) |year=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722191042/http://www.solexorb.it/SolexOld/Jusatocc.txt |archive-date=22 July 2016 |url-status=live}} The first event is a transit (partial), the second event is an occultation (total).{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Graham |title=The December 2020 Great Conjunction |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/planets/great-conjunction |access-date=2020-12-10 |website=timeanddate.com |language=en}} |
| 7541 June 17 | |
| c. 7800
| Planetoid 90377 Sedna passes its aphelion in the decades around the year 7800 AD. |
9th and 10th millennia
All these dates are in a uniform time scale such as Terrestrial Time. When converted to our ordinary solar time or Universal Time, which is decidedly non-uniform, via ΔT, the dates would be about one day earlier. Because of this difference, these dates have no anniversary relation to historical dates and should not be linked to them. Furthermore, they are only astronomical dates, so they are given in the astronomical format of Year Month Day, which allows them to be ordered.
After 10,000 AD
Extremely rare or remarkable astronomical events in the years after the beginning of the 11th millennium AD (Year 10,000).
| class="wikitable"
!Date / Years from now !Event |
| August 20, 10,663 AD
| A simultaneous total solar eclipse and transit of Mercury. |
| 10,720 AD
| The planets Mercury and Venus will both cross the ecliptic at the same time. |
| August 25, 11,268 AD
| A simultaneous total solar eclipse and transit of Mercury |
| February 28, 11,575 AD
| A simultaneous annular solar eclipse and transit of Mercury. |
| September 17, 13,425 AD
| A near-simultaneous transit of Venus and Mercury. |
| 13,727 AD
| Vega becomes the North Star.{{cite book|last=Falkner|first=David E.|title=The Mythology of the Night Sky |url=https://archive.org/details/mythologynightsk00falk |url-access=limited |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |page=[https://archive.org/details/mythologynightsk00falk/page/n130 116] |bibcode=2011mns..book.....F }}{{citation |url=http://www.stellarium.org |title=Calculation by the Stellarium application version 0.10.2 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |archive-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223130617/http://www.stellarium.org/ |url-status=live }} |
| April 5, 15,232 AD
| A simultaneous total solar eclipse and transit of Venus. |
| April 20, 15,790 AD
| A simultaneous annular solar eclipse and transit of Mercury. |
| 14,000–17,000 years
| Canopus becomes the South Star, but it will only be within 10° of the south celestial pole.{{cite web |url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/moonkmft/Articles/Precession.html |title=Precession |author=Kieron Taylor |publisher=Sheffield Astronomical Society |date=March 1, 1994 |access-date=August 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723065734/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/moonkmft/Articles/Precession.html |archive-date=July 23, 2018 |url-status=dead }} |
| 20,346 AD
| Thuban becomes the North Star.{{cite book|last=Falkner|first=David E.|title=The Mythology of the Night Sky|url=https://archive.org/details/mythologynightsk00falk|url-access=limited|date=2011|publisher=Springer|page=[https://archive.org/details/mythologynightsk00falk/page/n116 102]|bibcode=2011mns..book.....F }} |
| 27,800 AD
| Polaris again is the North Star.{{cite book|last=Komzsik|first=Louis|title=Wheels in the Sky: Keep on Turning|date=2010|publisher=Trafford Publishing|page=140}} |
| 27,000 years
| The eccentricity of Earth's orbit will reach a minimum, 0.00236 (it is now 0.01671). |
| 66,270 AD
| Sirius becomes the South Star at 1.6° of the south celestial pole, due to the combination of precession and its own proper motion.{{cite web |url=http://earthsky.org/?p=226733 |title=Sirius, future South Pole Star |author=Bruce McClure |publisher=EarthSky |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103135055/http://earthsky.org/?p=226733 |url-status=live }} |
| 67,173 AD
| The planets Mercury and Venus will both cross the ecliptic at the same time. |
| July 26, 69,163 AD
| A simultaneous transit of Venus and Mercury. |
| 70,000 years
| Estimated time for Comet Hyakutake to return to the inner Solar System, after having travelled in its orbit out to its aphelion 3410 A.U. from the Sun and back.{{cite journal | author=James, N.D. | title=Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake): The Great Comet of 1996 | journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association | date=1998 | volume=108 | pages=157 | bibcode=1998JBAA..108..157J }} |
| 93,830 AD
| Sirius becomes once again the South Star, but at 2.3° of the south celestial pole. |
| March 27 and 28, 224,508 AD
| Respectively, Venus and then Mercury will transit the Sun. |
| 100,000-400,000 years
| Estimated time for Betelgeuse to become a supernova{{cite web | title= What will the Betelgeuse supernova be like—and will it hurt us? | url= https://phys.org/news/2025-03-betelgeuse-supernova.html | url-status=live }} |
| 250,000-558,000 years
|Estimated time for Comet West to return to the inner solar system. It last passed by in 1976. |
| 571,741 AD
| A simultaneous transit of Venus and the Earth as seen from Mars. |
| 6 million years
| Estimated time for Comet C/1999 F1 (Catalina), one of the longest period comets known to return to the inner Solar System, after having travelled in its orbit out to its aphelion {{convert|66600|AU|ly|abbr=in}} from the Sun and back.{{cite web |author=Horizons output |authorlink=JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=C/1999+F1 |title=Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/1999 F1 (Catalina) |access-date=March 7, 2011 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309063913/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=C%2F1999+F1 |url-status=live }} |
| 230 million years
| Prediction of the orbits of the Solar System's planets is impossible over time spans greater than this, due to the limitations of Lyapunov time. {{cite journal | author = Hayes, Wayne B. | title = Is the Outer Solar System Chaotic? | journal = Nature Physics | arxiv = astro-ph/0702179 |year = 2007 | volume = 3 | issue = 10 | pages = 689–691 | doi = 10.1038/nphys728 | bibcode = 2007NatPh...3..689H | citeseerx = 10.1.1.337.7948 | s2cid = 18705038 }} |
| 100-300 million years
| Estimated time for Saturn's rings to disappear.{{cite web | title= NASA Research Reveals Saturn is Losing Its Rings at Worst-Case-Scenario Rate | publisher= NASA | url= https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/nasa-research-reveals-saturn-is-losing-its-rings-at-worst-case-scenario-rate/ | url-status=live }} |
| ~600 million years |
See also
Notes
{{reflist|group=Note}}
References
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{reflist|1| refs =
|title=Why is Polaris the North Star?
|publisher=NASA
|url=http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question64.html
|access-date=April 10, 2011
|archive-date=July 25, 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725180305/http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question64.html
|url-status=live
}}
{{cite book | title = Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Astrology to the Moon Landing "Hoax" | author = Plait, Phil | authorlink=Phil Plait | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | date = 2002 | pages = 55–56
}}
{{cite journal | last1 = Laskar | first1 = J. | journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | title = Orbital, Precessional, and Insolation Quantities for the Earth From ?20 Myr to +10 Myr | volume=270 | date = 1993 | pages = 522–533 | display-authors = 1 | author2 =
{{cite web | title = Astronomical Solutions for Earth Paleoclimates | author = Laskar | url = http://www.imcce.fr/Equipes/ASD/insola/earth/earth.html | publisher = Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides | access-date = July 20, 2012 | display-authors = etal | archive-date = December 7, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061207060848/http://www.imcce.fr/Equipes/ASD/insola/earth/earth.html | url-status = live }}
}}
External links
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html NASA Six Millennium Catalog of Venus Transits: 2000 BCE to 4000 CE]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120108174413/http://transit.savage-garden.org/en/mutual.html Mutual Planetary Transits; Fifteen millennium catalog] (archive.org)