List of largest protected areas

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The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is compiled and managed by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, an executive agency of the United Nations Environment Programme.{{cite web |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas |title=World Database on Protected Areas |publisher=UNEP-WCMC |website=Protected Planet |accessdate=15 October 2017}} It uses the IUCN and CBD definitions of protected areas to determine whether a site should be included in the WDPA.{{cite web |url=http://pp-import-production.s3.amazonaws.com/WDPA_Manual_1_5.pdf |title=World Database on Protected Areas User Manual 1.5 |pages=8–9 |publisher=UNEP-WCMC |location=Cambridge, UK |date=2017 |accessdate=15 October 2017}} The extent to which each area and the resources within are protected can vary significantly.

The largest protected areas – those exceeding an area of 250,000 square kilometres – are listed below in order of total area protected.{{cite web |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/monthly-updates/2017/october-update-of-the-wdpa |title=October update of the WDPA |publisher=UNEP-WCMC |website=Protected Planet |accessdate=15 October 2017}} All are marine protected areas except for Northeast Greenland National Park – which is mostly terrestrial but also has a marine component – and three entirely terrestrial biosphere reserves in Brazil. Protected areas with multiple coterminous or overlapping designations (e.g. Northeast Greenland National Park and the corresponding Biosphere Reserve) are listed only once.

Currently, Marae Moana is the largest protected area in the world with a total area larger than Mexico (1,964,375 km2).

Largest protected areas of the world

class="wikitable sortable"
Rank

! Name

! Country

! Location

! data-sort-type="number"| Size (km2)

! {{abbr|Year|Year designated}}

! class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref|References}}

1

| Marae Moana

| {{flag|Cook Islands}}

| Cook Islands

| 1,976,000

| 2017

| {{Cite web|title=Cook Islands Marine Park|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555624907|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Protected Planet}}

2

| French Southern Territories National Nature Reserve

| {{Flag|France}}

| French Southern and Antarctic Lands

| 1,600,000

| 2016

| {{cite web |url=https://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/emmanuel-macron-annonce-lextension-de-la-reserve-naturelle-des-terres-australes-francaises-la |title=Emmanuel Macron annonce l'extension de la réserve naturelle des Terres australes françaises, la deuxième plus grande au monde |language=fr |publisher=French Overseas Ministry |accessdate=21 February 2022 }}

3

| Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area

| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg}} Antarctica

| Ross Sea

| 1,550,000

| 2016

| {{Cite news|last=Slezak|first=Michael|date=2016-10-27|title=World's largest marine park created in Ross Sea in Antarctica in landmark deal|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/28/worlds-largest-marine-park-created-in-ross-sea-in-antarctica-in-landmark-deal|access-date=2020-09-24|issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web|last=Trade|first=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and|title=Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area|url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/environment/antarctica/ross-sea-region-marine-protected-area/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|language=en-NZ}}

4

| Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

| {{Flag|United States}}

| Hawaii and Midway Atoll

| 1,508,846

| 2006

| {{Cite web|title=Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/220201|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Protected Planet}}

5

| Natural Park of the Coral Sea

| {{flag|France}}

| New Caledonia

| 1,292,967

| 2014

| {{Cite web|title=Natural Park of the Coral Sea|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555577562|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

6

| Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument

| {{flag|United States}}

| Central Pacific Ocean

| 1,270,480

| 2009

| {{Cite web|title=Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/400011|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

7

| South Georgia Marine Protected Area

| {{flag|United Kingdom}}

| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

| 1,240,000

| 2012

| {{Cite web|title=South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555547601|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

8

| Coral Sea Marine Park

| {{Flag|Australia}}

| Coral Sea

| 989,836

| 2018

| {{cite web |url=https://parksaustralia.gov.au/marine/pub/plans/coral-sea-management-plan-2018.pdf |title=Coral Sea Marine Park Management Plan 2018 |access-date=July 15, 2018 |publisher=Parks Australia}}{{cite web |url=https://parksaustralia.gov.au/marine/pub/plans/coral-sea-management-plan-2018.pdf |title=Coral Sea Marine Park Management Plan 2018 |access-date=July 15, 2018 |publisher=Parks Australia}}

9

| Protection zone around the French Southern Territories National Nature Reserve

| {{flag|France}}

| French Southern and Antarctic Lands

| 989,787

| 2017

| {{cite web |url=https://acap.aq/en/news/latest-news/2747-a-very-large-marine-protected-area-is-created-in-the-southern-ocean-by-france |title=A very large Marine Protected Area is created in the Southern Ocean by France |publisher=Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels |date=24 April 2017 |accessdate=15 October 2017}}

10

| Northeast Greenland National Park

| {{Flag|Greenland}}

| Northeast Greenland

| 972,000

| 1974

| {{Cite web|title=North-East Greenland|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/2065|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Protected Planet}}

11

| Steller Sea Lion Protection Areas

| {{Flag|United States}}

| Alaska

| 869,206

| 2002

| {{cite web |url=https://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/fisheries/sslpm |title=Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures |publisher=National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Regional Office |accessdate=15 October 2017}}

12

| Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve

| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}

| Pitcairn Islands

| 834,334

| 2016

| {{Cite web|title=Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555624172|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

13

| British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Protected Area

| {{flag|United Kingdom}}

| British Indian Ocean Territory (disputed by Mauritius)

| 640,000

| 2010

| {{Cite web|title=British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Protected Area (Chagos)|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555512151|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Protected Planet}}

14

| Rapa Nui Marine and Coastal Protected Area

| {{Flag|Chile}}

| Rapa Nui

| 579,368

| 2018

| {{Cite web|title=Rapa Nui|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555637336|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

15

| Palau National Marine Sanctuary

| {{Flag|Palau}}

| Palau

| 502,538

| 2015

| {{cite web |url=http://glispa.org/11-commitments/201-palau-national-marine-sanctuary |title=Palau National Marine Sanctuary |publisher=Global Island Partnership |accessdate=15 October 2017}}{{Cite web|title=Palau National Marine Sanctuary|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555622118|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

16

| Kermadec Benthic Protection Area

| {{Flag|New Zealand}}

| Kermadec Islands

| 469,276

| 2007

|

17

| Ascension Exclusive Economic Zone

| {{flag|United Kingdom}}

| Ascension Island

| 440,000

| 2019

| {{Cite web|title=Ascension Exclusive Economic Zone|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/ascension-exclusive-economic-zone-marine-protected-area|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

18

| Phoenix Islands Protected Area

| {{Flag|Kiribati}}

| Phoenix Islands

| 408,250

| 2006

| {{Cite web|title=Phoenix Islands Protected Area|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555512002|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

19

| Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago Environmental Protection Area

| {{flag|Brazil}}

| Trindade and Martin Vaz

| 403,848

| 2018

| {{Cite web|title=Área De Proteção Ambiental Do Arquipélago De Trindade E Martim Vaz|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555635930|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

20

| Pacific Biosphere Reserve

| {{Flag|Mexico}}

| Eastern Pacific Ocean

| 390,091

| 2016

| {{cite news |url=http://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/four-protected-areas-announced-in-cancun/ |title=Four protected areas announced in Cancún |publisher=Mexico News Daily |date=6 December 2016 |accessdate=15 October 2017}}

21

| Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago Environmental Protection Area

| {{Flag|Brazil}}

| Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago

| 384,565

| 2018

| {{Cite web|title=Área De Proteção Ambiental Do Arquipélago De São Pedro E São Paulo|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555635931|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Protected Planet}}

22

| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

| {{Flag|Australia}}

| Great Barrier Reef

| 348,700

| 1981

| {{cite web|title=Commonwealth Marine Protected Areas by Type (2016) (refer 'Detailed list' tab for 'Great Barrier Reef' breakdown)| url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/761994ab-42cc-4f24-952c-c21221861884/files/com-capad-2016m.xlsx| website=CAPAD 2016|publisher=Australian government|accessdate=2 June 2018}}

23

| Offshore Trap/Pot Waters Area

| {{Flag|United States}}

| Western Atlantic Ocean

| 336,101

| 1997

| {{cite web |url=https://www.greateratlantic.fisheries.noaa.gov/educational_resources/gis/data/shapefiles/Offshore_Trap-Pot_Waters_Area/Offshore_Trap-Pot_Waters_Area_METADATA.pdf |title=Offshore Trap/Pot Waters Area |publisher=National Marine Fisheries Service, Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office |date=1 June 2016 |accessdate=15 October 2017}}

24

| Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area

| {{flag|Canada}}

| Ellesmere Island

| 319,411

| 2019

| {{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Fisheries and Oceans Canada|date=2019-09-18|title=Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area (MPA)|url=https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/mpa-zpm/tuvaijuittuq/index-eng.html|access-date=2020-09-24|website=www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca}}

25

| Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park

| {{Flag|Chile}}

| Desventuradas Islands

| 300,035

| 2016

| {{cite press release |author= |title=Chilean government officially decrees the creation of the Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park |url=http://oceana.org/press-center/press-releases/chilean-government-officially-decrees-creation-nazca-desventuradas |location=Santiago |publisher=Oceana |date=24 August 2016 |accessdate=15 October 2017}}{{Cite web|title=Nazca-Desventuradas|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/555624169|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Protected Planet}}

26

| Cerrado Biosphere Reserve

| {{flag|Brazil}}

| Goiás, Maranhão, Piauí, Tocantins, and Federal District

| 296,525

| 1994

| {{Cite web|date=2019-02-14|title=Cerrado Biosphere Reserve, Brazil|url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/lac/cerrado|access-date=2020-09-25|website=UNESCO|language=en}}

27

| Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve

| {{Flag|Brazil}}

| Atlantic Forest (15 states)

| 294,734

| 1993

| {{Cite web|title=UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=BRA+01&mode=all|access-date=2020-09-25|website=www.unesco.org}}{{Cite web|title=Mata Atlântica (including Sao Paulo Green Belt)|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/67735|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Protected Planet}}

28

| Pantanal Biosphere Reserve

| {{flag|Brazil}}

| Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul

| 251,569

| 2000

| {{Cite web|date=2019-02-15|title=Pantanal Biosphere Reserve, Brazil|url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/lac/pantanal|access-date=2020-09-25|website=UNESCO|language=en}}

References