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List of majority-minority United States congressional districts

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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}

{{update|inaccurate=yes|date=September 2023|reason=Has inaccurate district information, particularly 2020 census redistricting in California and Florida}}

A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Race is collected through the decennial United States census.

Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).

List of districts

=African-American=

==Majority==

Population data are from 2021 American Community Survey and 2020 census population estimates. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/analysis/house/house-charts/diving-district-data-what-latest-census-numbers-tell-us|title=Diving into District Data: What the Latest Census Numbers Tell Us|access-date=March 23, 2023|website=The Cook Political Report}}

Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. Every district is represented by Democrats. There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American: Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Shri Thanedar from Michigan's 13th.

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|+ Congressional districts with African-American majorities

RankPerc.StateDistrict118th CongressTotal 2019Afric. Amer.
| 3{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=47&cd=09|title=My Congressional District: Tennessee's 9th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}60.3%TennesseeTN-09Steve Cohen (non-Black)767,682574,437
| 2{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=28&cd=02|title=My Congressional District: Mississippi's 2nd|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}62.1%MississippiMS-02Bennie Thompson723,186549,830
| 6{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=01&cd=07|title=My Congressional District: Alabama's 7th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}63.4%AlabamaAL-07Terri Sewell670,015419,256
| 4{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=22&cd=02|title=My Congressional District: Louisiana's 2nd|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}58.6%LouisianaLA-02Troy Carter762,623589,929
| 5{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=13&cd=04|title=My Congressional District: Georgia's 4th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}54.5%GeorgiaGA-04Hank Johnson756,440585,951
| 7{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=13&cd=05|title=My Congressional District: Georgia's 5th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}58.5%GeorgiaGA-05Nikema Williams788,996436,884
| 1{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=13&cd=13|title=My Congressional District: Georgia's 13th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}66.7%GeorgiaGA-13David Scott763,561566,875
| 8{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=45&cd=06|title=My Congressional District: South Carolina's 6th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}57%South CarolinaSC-06Jim Clyburn665,215361,328
| 10{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=02|title=My Congressional District: Illinois's 2nd|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}56.3%IllinoisIL-02Robin Kelly685,695383,058
| 11{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=26&cd=13|title=My Congressional District: Michigan's 13th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}55.6%MichiganMI-13Shri Thanedar (non-Black)672,291363,772
| 12{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=36&cd=08|title=My Congressional District: New York's 8th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}55%New YorkNY-08Hakeem Jeffries776,825403,080
| 13{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=42&cd=03|title=My Congressional District: Pennsylvania's 3rd|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}54%PennsylvaniaPA-03Dwight Evans741,654418,050
| 14{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=24&cd=07|title=My Congressional District: Maryland's 7th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}53.8%MarylandMD-07Kweisi Mfume717,158376,343
| 16{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=12&cd=20|title=My Congressional District: Florida's 20th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}53.4%FloridaFL-20Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick802,463424,842
| 17{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=24&cd=04|title=My Congressional District: Maryland's 4th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}52.9%MarylandMD-04Glenn Ivey746,989578,752
| 15{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=11|title=My Congressional District: Ohio's 11th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}53.5%OhioOH-11Shontel Brown684,617362,284
| 19{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=13&cd=02|title=My Congressional District: Georgia's 2nd|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}51.6%GeorgiaGA-02Sanford Bishop671,831354,964
| 20{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=01|title=My Congressional District: Illinois's 1st|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}51.3%IllinoisIL-01Jonathan Jackson711,039359,132
| 18{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=34&cd=10|title=My Congressional District: New Jersey's 10th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}52.7%New JerseyNJ-10Donald Payne Jr.768,400594,109
| 21{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=12&cd=24|title=My Congressional District: Florida's 24th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}50.6%FloridaFL-24Frederica Wilson756,692593,543
| 22{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=36&cd=09|title=My Congressional District: New York's 9th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}50.5%New YorkNY-09Yvette Clarke720,316336,566

==Plurality==

=Asian and Pacific Islander=

Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Both are Democrats.

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|+ Congressional districts with Asian-American majorities or pluralities

RankPerc.StateDistrictMemberTotal 2019Asian Amer.
| 1{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=06&cd=17|title=My Congressional District: California's 17th|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}52.7%CaliforniaCA-17Ro Khanna790,519439,547
| 2{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=15&cd=01|title=My Congressional District: Hawaii's 1st|access-date=August 15, 2021|website=Census.gov}}50.2%HawaiiHI-01Ed Case (non-Asian)720,786364,354
| 339.4%New YorkNY-06Grace Meng714,299281,433
4

|38.6%

|California

|CA-28

|Judy Chu

|746,863

|288,289

=Hispanic and Latino=

==Majority==

As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts.

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|+ Congressional districts with Hispanic/Latino majorities

RankPerc.StateDistrict118th CongressTotal 2020Hispanic or Latino
| 187.2%CaliforniaCA-40Lucille Roybal-Allard715,934624,294
| 284.5%TexasTX-34Vicente Gonzalez712,596602,428
| 382.5%TexasTX-15Monica de la Cruz787,124649,297
| 481.5%TexasTX-16Veronica Escobar757,427617,465
| 578.9%TexasTX-28Henry Cuellar851,824672,129
| 678.7%CaliforniaCA-34Jimmy Gomez654,303515,167
| 776.0%TexasTX-29Sylvia Garcia677,032514,861
| 875.4%CaliforniaCA-38Linda Sánchez641,410483,490
| 973.5%IllinoisIL-04Jesús "Chuy" García601,156442,018
| 1051.6%TexasTX-27Michael Cloud (Non Hispanic/Latino)741,993543,306
| 1171.6%FloridaFL-25Mario Díaz-Balart807,176577,998
| 1271.5%TexasTX-20Joaquin Castro711,705509,208
| 1469.5%CaliforniaCA-35Norma Torres764,643531,426
| 1569.5%CaliforniaCA-44Nanette Barragan717,140500,426
| 1668.9%FloridaFL-27Maria Elvira Salazar750,653517,199
| 1768.5%CaliforniaCA-51Juan Vargas757,891473,224
| 1868.2%CaliforniaCA-29Tony Cardenas717,659489,443
| 1968.2%CaliforniaCA-31Pete Aguilar611,336417,183
| 2067.3%FloridaFL-26Carlos Gimenez780,951525,580
| 2166.9%TexasTX-33Marc Veasey (Non Hispanic/Latino)751,182502,540
| 2266.4%TexasTX-23Tony Gonzales847,651562,913
| 2366.1%New YorkNY-15Ritchie Torres731,101483,258
| 2466.0%CaliforniaCA-46Lou Correa734,651484,869
| 2562.6%CaliforniaCA-32Grace Napolitano642,236412,275
| 2661.6%ArizonaAZ-03Raúl Grijalva698,314446,159
| 2761.1%TexasTX-35Lloyd Doggett (Non Hispanic/Latino)857,654524,712
| 2859.3%CaliforniaCA-16Jim Costa (Non Hispanic/Latino)753,152446,619
| 2958.1%CaliforniaCA-41Mark Takano (Non Hispanic/Latino)786,719457,083
| 3056.0%ArizonaAZ-07Ruben Gallego855,769479,014
| 3152.7%New JerseyNJ-08Albio Sires766,357403,870
| 3252.1%CaliforniaCA-20Jimmy Panetta (Non Hispanic/Latino)741,838386,497
| 3351.8%New MexicoNM-02Gabe Vasquez663,956343,856
| 3451.2%CaliforniaCA-21David Valadao (Non Hispanic/Latino)784,176401,194

==Plurality==

=White plurality (majority-minority)=

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [http://www.senate.leg.state.mn.us/departments/scr/REDIST/race.htm Use of Racial Data in Redistricting] - Background Paper Prepared for the Minnesota Legislature Subcommittee on Geographic Information Systems
  • [http://writ.news.findlaw.com/commentary/20041007_hayden.html Majority-Minority Voting Districts and Their Role in Politics: Their Advantages, Their Drawbacks, and the Current Law]
  • [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n3_v25/ai_13563833 Voting wrongs - racial reapportionment]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090926082004/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/yarbrough-tinsley.htm Race and Redistricting: The Shaw-Cromartie Cases]
  • [http://www.ujpia.org-a.googlepages.com/Mullaney_2005-2006.pdf The Electoral Competitiveness of Majority-Minority Districts]
  • [http://www.radioproject.org/2011/04/redrawing-lines-of-power-redistricting-2011/ Redrawing Lines of Power: Redistricting 2011] Making Contact, produced by the National Radio Project, April 12, 2011

{{African-American politics}}

Category:United States congressional districts