List of murinines
{{short description|Species in mammal subfamily Murininae}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
File:テングコウモリ.jpg (Murina hilgendorfi)|alt=A photograph of a tube-nosed bat hanging upside-down. It is silver and small.]]
Murininae is one of the four subfamilies of Vespertilionidae, itself one of twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this subfamily is called a murinine, or a tube-nosed bat. They are found in Asia and Australia, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in savannas. They range in size from the Da Lat tube-nosed bat, at {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} plus a {{convert|2|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail, to the lesser hairy-winged bat, at {{convert|8|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} plus a {{convert|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail. Like all bats, murinines are capable of true and sustained flight. They have forearm lengths ranging from {{convert|2|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|6|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}. They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders. Almost no murinines have population estimates, though two—the Da Lat tube-nosed bat and Ryukyu tube-nosed bat—are categorized as endangered species, and two species—the Bala tube-nosed bat and gloomy tube-nosed bat—are categorized as critically endangered.
The 35 extant species of Murininae are divided between three genera: Harpiocephalus with one species, Harpiola with two species, and Murina with the other 32. A few extinct prehistoric murinine species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.
Conventions
{{IUCN statuses|ex=0|ew=0|cr=2|en=2|vu=2|nt=0|lc=18|dd=11|ne=0}}
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the murinine's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.
Classification
Murininae, one of the four subfamilies of the family Vespertilionidae, contains 35 extant species divided into 3 genera.
Subfamily Murininae
- Genus Harpiocephalus (lesser hairy-winged bat): one species
- Genus Harpiola (tube-nosed bats): two species
- Genus Murina (tube-nosed bats): 32 species
Murinines
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.
{{Species table |no-note=y |genus=Harpiocephalus |authority-name=Gray |authority-year=1842 |species-count=one}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Lesser hairy-winged bat |binomial=H. harpia
|image=File:Harpiocephalus_harpia.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Drawing of bat head
|authority-name=Temminck |authority-year=1840
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Four subspecies |bullets=on
| H. h. harpia
| H. h. lasyurus
| H. h. madrassius
| H. h. rufulus
}}
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Range_Harpiocephalus_harpia.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|5|–|8|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{decrease|Population declining}}
}}
{{Species table/end}}
{{Species table |no-note=y |genus=Harpiola |authority-name=Thomas |authority-year=1915 |species-count=two}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Formosan golden tube-nosed bat |binomial=H. isodon
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee |authority-year=2006
|range=Taiwan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–6 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|habitat=Forest, inland wetlands, and caves
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Peters's tube-nosed bat |binomial=H. grisea
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Peters |authority-year=1872
|range=Northern and eastern India |range-image=File:Distribution of Murina grisea.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/end}}
{{Species table |no-note=y |genus=Murina |authority-name=Gray |authority-year=1842 |species-count=32}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Annam tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. annamitica
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Francis & Eger |authority-year=2012
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Distribution of Murina annamitica.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|6|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Bala tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. balaensis
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Soisook, Karapan, Satasook, & Bates |authority-year=2013
|range=Thailand |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_balaensis.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
2–3 cm (1 in) forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=CR |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Beelzebub's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. beelzebub
|image=File:Beelzebub_bat_1.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Gray bat
|authority-name=Son, Furey, & Csorba |authority-year=2011
|range=Vietnam and Laos |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–5 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Bicolored tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. bicolor
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee |authority-year=2009
|range=Taiwan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–5 cm (2 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail
{{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Bronze tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. aenea
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Hill |authority-year=1964
|range=Malaysia |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_aenea.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–6 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=VU |population=Unknown
|direction={{decrease|Population declining}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Brown tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. suilla
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Temminck |authority-year=1840
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
| M. s. canescens
| M. s. suilla
}}
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Range_Murina_suilla.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|7|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Da Lat tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. harpioloides
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Kruskop & Eger |authority-year=2008
|range=Vietnam |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=EN |population=Unknown
|direction={{decrease|Population declining}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Dusky tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. fusca
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Sowerby |authority-year=1922
|range=Northeastern China |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|6|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
about {{convert|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Elery's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. eleryi
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Furey, Thong, Bates, & Csorba |authority-year=2009
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_eleryi.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{decrease|Population declining}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Fea's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. feae
|image=File:Ashy-gray tube-nosed bat.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Gray bat
|authority-name=Thomas |authority-year=1891
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|2|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Fiona's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. fionae
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Francis & Eger |authority-year=2012
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_fionae.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–6 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Flute-nosed bat |binomial=M. florium
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Thomas |authority-year=1908
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on
| M. f. florium
| M. f. lanosa
| M. f. toxopei
}}
|range=Southeastern Asia and Northern Australia (M. f. florium in red, M. f. lanosa in blue, and M. f. toxopei in green) |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_florium.png |range-image-size=152px
|size={{convert|3|–|6|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Gilded tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. rozendaali
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Hill & Francis |authority-year=1984
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_rozendaali.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–5 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|2|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=VU |population=Unknown
|direction={{decrease|Population declining}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Gloomy tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. tenebrosa
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Yoshiyuki |authority-year=1970
|range=Tsushima Island in Japan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=CR |population=1
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Golden-haired tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. chrysochaetes
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Eger & Lim |authority-year=2011
|range=Southern China and northern Vietnam |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–5 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
2–3 cm (1 in) forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Greater tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. leucogaster
|image=File:Murina_leucogaster_illustration.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Drawing of bat head
|authority-name=A. Milne-Edwards |authority-year=1872 |authority-not-original=yes
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
| M. l. leucogaster
| M. l. rubex
}}
|range=Eastern Asia |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|4|–|7|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Harrison's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. harrisoni
|image= |image-size=149px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Csorba & Bates |authority-year=2005
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Murina_harrisoni_distribution_(colored).png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|6|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Hidden tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. recondita
|image=File:Murina_recondita.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Brown bat
|authority-name=Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee |authority-year=2009
|range=Taiwan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=Unknown length
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Hilgendorf's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. hilgendorfi
|image=File:%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Gray bat
|authority-name=Peters |authority-year=1880
|range=Eastern Asia |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_hilgendorfi.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|4|–|7|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Hutton's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. huttoni
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Peters |authority-year=1872 |authority-not-original=yes
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
| M. h. huttoni
| M. h. rubella
}}
|range=Southern and southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Range_Murina_huttoni.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–6 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Jaintia tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. jaintiana
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba |authority-year=2012
|range=India and Myanmar |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Little tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. aurata
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=A. Milne-Edwards |authority-year=1872
|range=Southern and eastern Asia |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Lorelie's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. lorelieae
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Eger & Lim |authority-year=2011
|range=Southern China |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Rainforest tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. pluvialis
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba |authority-year=2012
|range=India |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
about {{convert|3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Round-eared tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. cyclotis
|image=File:Murina_cyclotis.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Drawing of bat head
|authority-name=Dobson |authority-year=1872
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on
| M. c. cyclotis
| M. c. eileenae
| M. c. peninsularis
}}
|range=Southern and southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Range_Murina_cyclotis.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|2|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Ryukyu tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. ryukyuana
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Maeda & Matsumura |authority-year=1998
|range=Japan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–5 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=EN |population=Unknown
|direction={{decrease|Population declining}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Scully's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. tubinaris
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Scully |authority-year=1881
|range=Central Asia |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=About {{convert|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus about {{convert|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Shuipu tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. shuipuensis
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Eger & Lim |authority-year=2011
|range=Southern China |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Slender tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. gracilis
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee |authority-year=2009
|range=Taiwan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size=Unknown length
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Taiwan tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. puta
|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Kishida |authority-year=1924
|range=Taiwan |range-image= |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|5|–|7|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{steady|Population steady}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Ussuri tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. ussuriensis
|image=File:Murina_ussuriensis.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Brown bat
|authority-name=Ogniov |authority-year=1913
|range=Eastern Asia |range-image=File:Distribution_of_Murina_ussuriensis.png |range-image-size=180px
|size=4–5 cm (2 in), plus {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=LC |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Walston's tube-nosed bat |binomial=M. walstoni
|image=File:Walston%27s_tube-nosed_bat.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=Brown bat
|authority-name=Furey, Csorba, & Son |authority-year=2011
|range=Southeastern Asia |range-image=File:Range_Murina_walstoni.png |range-image-size=180px
|size={{convert|3|–|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, plus {{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail
{{convert|2|–|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} forearm length
|no-diet=yes
|iucn-status=DD |population=Unknown
|direction={{population change unknown}}
}}
{{Species table/end}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
Nowak, pp. [https://archive.org/details/walkersbatsofwor00rona/page/183 184–186]
{{cite web |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=109084 |title=Fossilworks: Murina |work=Paleobiology Database |publisher=University of Wisconsin–Madison |access-date=November 26, 2024 |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126150655/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=109084 |url-status=live }}
Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 553
Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 554
Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 555
Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 556
}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |title=All the Mammals of the World |date=2023 |publisher=Lynx Nature Books |editor-last1=Chernasky |editor-first1=Amy |editor-last2=Motis |editor-first2=Anna |editor-last3=Burgin |editor-first3=Connor |isbn=978-84-16728-66-4 |ref=CITEREF_ALLMAM}}
- {{cite book |title=Mammal Species of the World |edition=3rd |volume=1 |editor-last1=Wilson |editor-first1=Don E. |editor-link1=Don E. Wilson |editor-last2=Reeder |editor-first2=DeeAnn M. |author-last=Simmons |author-first=Nancy B. |date=2005 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0 |ref=CITEREF_MSW}}
- {{cite book |first=Ronald M. |last=Nowak |title=Walker's Bats of the World |year=1994 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-8018-4986-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/walkersbatsofwor00rona |url-access=registration |ref=CITEREF_BATWORLD}}
{{refend}}
{{Mammal lists}}