List of nuclear weapons tests of Pakistan
{{short description|None}}
{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
|name = Chagai-I
|picture =
|picture_description =
|country = Pakistan
|test_site = Ras Koh, Pakistan
|period = 1998
|number_of_tests = 1 (5 devices fired)
|test_type = Underground tests (tunnel)
|max_yield = {{convert|32|ktTNT|lk=in}}
|next_series =
|device_type=Fission}}
{{GeoGroup|article=Chagai I}}
The nuclear weapons tests of Pakistan refers to a test programme directed towards the development of nuclear explosives and investigation of the effects of nuclear explosions. The programme was suggested by Munir Ahmad Khan, chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), as early as 1977.{{cite web|title=Pakistan's nuclear arsenals|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/post-cold-war/india-pakistan/background_information/pakistan_nuclear_weapons.htm|work=Nuclear Age Peace Foundations|publisher=Nuclear files, Pakistan|accessdate=14 April 2014|display-authors=etal}}
The first subcritical testing was carried out in 1983 by PAEC, codenamed Kirana-I, and continued until the 1990s under the government of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto.{{cite web|last=Interview with Author: Munir Ahmad Khan|title=Interview with Author: Munir Ahmad Khan|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/policy/pakistani-nuclear-policy/munir%20ahmad%20khan%27s%20speech.html|accessdate=14 April 2014}} Further claims of conducting subcritical tests at Kahuta were made in 1984 by the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) but were dismissed by the Government of Pakistan.
The Pakistan Government, under Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, authorized the programme jointly under PAEC and KRL, assisted by the Corps of Engineers in 1998. There were six nuclear tests performed under this programme, codenamed Chagai-I, and Chagai-II. After the Prime Minister of India, Atal Vajpayee made a state visit to Pakistan to meet with the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif, both countries signed a nuclear testing control treaty, the Lahore Declaration in 1999.{{cite book|last=Nizamani|first=Haider K.|title=The roots of rhetoric : politics of nuclear weapons in India and Pakistan|year=2000|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.]|isbn=0275968774|edition=1. publ.}}
Testing series
=Chagai-I=
The Pakistan's Chagai-I nuclear test series was a single nuclear test conducted in 1998.
{{See also|Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction}}
| tunnel,
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000320000|32 kt}}
|
| Boosted fission device. Notice debris from light rock band slumped downhill from shaking. No official word on what happened in the test. A. Q. Khan, well connected but considered unreliable, says 1 large and 4 small devices detonated.
|-
! Chagai 1 - 2{{anchor|Chagai 1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|5|28}} 10:16:15.8
| style="text-align:center;" | PKT
(+5 hrs) || Ras Koh, Pakistan {{coord|28.79273|64.94565|name=Chagai 1 - 2|display=inline}}
| {{sort|001298|}}{{convert|1298|m|abbr=on}} +
| tunnel,
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1 kt}}
|
| Boosted fission device. Notice debris from light rock band slumped downhill from shaking.
|-
! Chagai 1 - 3{{anchor|Chagai 1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|5|28}} 10:16:15.8
| style="text-align:center;" | PKT
(+5 hrs) || Ras Koh, Pakistan {{coord|28.79273|64.94565|name=Chagai 1 - 3|display=inline}}
| {{sort|001298|}}{{convert|1298|m|abbr=on}} +
| tunnel,
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1 kt}}
|
| Boosted fission device.
|-
! Chagai 1 - 4{{anchor|Chagai 1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|5|28}} 10:16:15.8
| style="text-align:center;" | PKT
(+5 hrs) || Ras Koh, Pakistan {{coord|28.79273|64.94565|name=Chagai 1 - 4|display=inline}}
| {{sort|001298|}}{{convert|1298|m|abbr=on}} +
| tunnel,
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1 kt}}
|
| Boosted fission device.
|-
! Chagai 1 - 5{{anchor|Chagai 1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|5|28}} 10:16:15.8
| style="text-align:center;" | PKT
(+5 hrs) || Ras Koh, Pakistan {{coord|28.79273|64.94565|name=Chagai 1 - 5|display=inline}}
| {{sort|001298|}}{{convert|1298|m|abbr=on}} +
| tunnel,
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1 kt}}
|
| Boosted fission device.
|}
{{reflist|group=n}}
=Chagai II=
{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
|name = Chagai II
|picture = Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg
|picture_description = Satellite image of Kharan Desert
|country = Pakistan
|test_site = Kharan Desert, Pakistan
|period = 1998
|number_of_tests = 1
|test_type = Underground shaft
|max_yield = {{convert|15|ktTNT|lk=in}}
|previous_series = Chagai I
|device_type=Fission}}
{{GeoGroup|section=Chagai II}}
The Pakistan's Chagai II nuclear test series was a single nuclear test conducted in 1998. These tests followed the Chagai-I series .
The Pakistan test series summary table is below.
The detonations in the Pakistan's Chagai-II series are listed below:
| underground shaft
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000150000|15 kt}}
|
| Miniaturized boosted fission device.
|}
{{reflist|group=n}}
Summary
{{see also|List of nuclear weapons tests}}
| {{sort|0000|}}
| {{sort|0000|}}
| 1 to 32
| {{sort|0036|36}}
|style="text-align:left;" |
|-
! Chagai II
| 1998
| {{sort|0001|1}}
| {{sort|0001|1}}
| {{sort|0000|}}
| {{sort|0000|}}
| {{sort|0000|}}
| 15
| {{sort|0015|15}}
|style="text-align:left;" |
|- class="sortbottom"
!style="background:#efefef;" | Totals
|style="background:#efefef;" | 1998-May-28 to 1998-May-30
|style="background:#efefef;" | 2
|style="background:#efefef;" | 6
|style="background:#efefef;" |
|style="background:#efefef;" |
|style="background:#efefef;" |
|style="background:#efefef;" | 1 to 32
|style="background:#efefef;" | 51
|style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;" | Total country yield is 0.0094% of all nuclear testing.
|}
{{reflist|group=Summ}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation|title=Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing |editor-last=Mikhailov |editor-first=V.N. |first1=LA |last1=Andryushi |first2=N.P. |last2=Voloshin |first3=R.I. |last3=Ilkaev |first4=A.M. |last4=Matushchenko |first5=L.D. |last5=Ryabev |first6=V.G. |last6=Strukov |first7=A.K. |last7=Chernyshev |first8=Yu.A. |last8=Yudin |url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/ |accessdate=2013-03-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219131618/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/ |archivedate=2013-12-19 }}
- {{citation| title=Johnston Archive of Nuclear Weapons| author=Wm Robert Johnston, PhD| url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/| accessdate=2013-12-31}}
{{refend}}
Category:Pakistani nuclear weapons testing