List of nurses who died in World War I#Britain

File:Norma Mowbray's grave, Cairo.jpg

29 Australian nurses died from disease or injuries; 25 of these died on active service, and 4 died in Australia from injuries or illness sustained during their service.{{Cite web|url=http://nurses.ww1anzac.com/|title=Australian Nurses in World War 1|website=Australian Nurses in World War 1|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929044219/http://nurses.ww1anzac.com/|archive-date=29 September 2016|url-status=dead}} Most of these nurses were serving in the Australian Army Nursing Service; however, a small number were serving with Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service, one of a number of British Army nursing services during World War I. Other Australian women made their own way to Europe and joined the British Red Cross, private hospitals or other allied services.{{Cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/news/gallant-girls-under-fire/story-fna7dq6e-1111117338549|title=Gallant girls under fire on the Western Front|access-date=2016-09-30}}

{{Main|List of Canadian nurses who died in World War I}}

53 Canadian nurses lost their lives during the war.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nursing-sisters|title=Nursing Sisters|last=Chenier|first=Nancy Miller|access-date=2016-09-24}} In one incident, on 27 June 1918, 14 nurses were killed when their hospital ship HMHS Llandovery Castle was torpedoed while travelling from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Liverpool, England.{{Cite web|url=http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/case-study/angels-mercy-canada-s-nursing-sisters-world-war-i-and-ii|title="Angels of Mercy": Canada's Nursing Sisters in World War I and II {{!}} Peace and War in the 20th Century|website=pw20c.mcmaster.ca|access-date=2016-09-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118215058/http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/case-study/angels-mercy-canada-s-nursing-sisters-world-war-i-and-ii|archive-date=2015-11-18}} The nurses who died were:

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• Mary Agnes McKenzie.^[12]
• Christina Campbell.^[13]
• Carola Josephine Douglas.^[14]
• Alexina Dussault.^[14]
• Minnie Aenath Follette.^[14]
• Margaret Jane Fortescue.^[14]
• Minnie Katherine Gallaher.^[14]
• Jessie Mabel McDiarmid.^[14]
• Rena McLean.^[14]
• Mary Belle Sampson.^[14]
• Gladys Irene Sare.^[14]
• Anna Irene Stamers.^[15]
• Jean Templeman.^[15]

}}

Rosa Vecht (18 July 1881 – 23 January 1915) died when she was injured by shrapnel at Veurne in West Flanders, while saying goodbye before a planned evacuation. She died after an operation to amputate her leg.{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15580956|title=NURSE VECHT.|date=1915-05-21|work=Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954)|access-date=2019-01-21|pages=8}}

File:Waimate Hospital plaque to nurses who died on the SS Marquette.jpg

16 New Zealand nurses died during the war, including 10 who died in the sinking of the troop ship SS Marquette.{{Cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/first-world-war-nurses|title=New Zealand Army Nursing Service in the First World War - New Zealand Army Nursing Service {{!}} NZHistory, New Zealand history online|website=nzhistory.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=2017-09-02}}

Ecaterina Teodoroiu was a Romanian nurse who enlisted as a soldier and died on 3 September 1917 during active service.{{Cite web|url=http://thefemalesoldier.com/blog/ecaterina-teodoroiu|title=Ecaterina Teodoroiu|access-date=2016-09-29}}

File:Edith Cavell.jpg

The National Memorial Arboretum has a memorial to nurses who served in the first and Second World Wars. The memorial includes the names of nearly 1,300 nurses who died during or as a direct result of their wartime service.{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} National Memorial Arboretum |url=https://www.thenma.org.uk/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=The National Memorial Arboretum |language=en}} The names were taken from research carried out by Yvonne McEwen. McEwen created rolls of honour for the two wars, and deposited copies in national libraries in Edinburgh, Aberystwyth, Belfast, Dublin and London. The London copy is on permanent display in the Royal College of Nursing Library and can be accessed by appointment.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2010-11-13 |title=RCN pays tribute to wartime nurses |url=https://www.nursingtimes.net/leadership/rcn-pays-tribute-to-wartime-nurses-13-11-2010/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Nursing Times |language=en}}

Most nurses were part of the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS). At the start of the war there were fewer than 300 nurses; four years later when the war ended it had over 10,000 nurses in its ranks.{{sfn|Williams|2014|p=}} According to the British Red Cross, "128 nursing members, 11 general service members and six Joint War Committee hospital members were killed."{{sfn|British Red Cross|2022|p=2}}

Edith Cavell was executed for treason by a German firing squad on 12 October 1915 in Brussels, Belgium.

Marjory Eva May Edwards served for three and a half years in Britain and France and died of measles in England on 4 January 1918. Her name is listed on the village war memorial at St Mary's Church at Streatley, Berkshire.{{cite web |title=Edwards, Marjory E M |url=https://www.greatwarforum.org/topic/172362-edwards-marjory-e-m/ |website=Great War Forum |access-date=12 June 2020}}

Catherine Miller was working at the 1st Western General Hospital in Liverpool, England when she died on 24 December 1918. She had contracted malaria while serving in Russia.{{Cite web|url=http://www.edinburghs-war.ed.ac.uk/Fife/Casualties/Women|title=Women {{!}} Scotlands War|website=www.edinburghs-war.ed.ac.uk|access-date=2016-09-29}}{{Lives of WWI |id= 5148801 | name= Catherine Cook Miller }}

An estimated 150 British nurses were killed during World War 1. Of those killed 40 were Scottish. Four of the nurses were killed by enemy action including Agnes Murdoch Climie, a staff nurse who trained at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.{{Cite journal |date=1918 |title=Scottish Notes |journal=The Nursing Times |volume=14 |issue=663 |pages=43}} Miss Climie was a member of the Territorial Force Nursing Service and based at a general hospital in France while she was on the staff of the 4th Scottish General Hospital, Stobhill. Miss Climie was not on duty during the bombardment but returned to her ward and was killed while singing to a patient who was nervous.{{Cite journal |date=1917 |title= |journal=The British Journal of Nursing |issue=Nov 10 |pages=300}} Miss Climie was killed instantly while in the same incident Sister Mabel Milne of Perth, who trained at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and was attached to the 2nd Scottish General Hospital died a short time after being wounded. Two Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs), Miss D Coles (2nd Scottish Hospital) and Miss E Thompson (1st Scottish Hospital) were also killed.{{Cite journal |date=1917 |title=War Nursing Killed on Duty |journal=Nursing Times |volume=13 |issue=650 |pages=1215}}

Three Scottish nurses drowned while serving on hospital ships during WW1. A further 33 Scottish nurses died from diseases acquired while on military service.{{Cite journal |date=1921 |title=Scottish Notes, Scottish Nurses’ War Memorial |journal=The Nursing Times |issue=Nov 12 |pages=1214}} Two nurses were members of the regular Military Nursing Service and the others were members of the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service Reserve and the Territorial Force Nursing Service.{{Cite journal |date=1921 |title=Memorial to Scottish Nurses |journal=The Nursing Record |volume=67 |issue=1754 |pages=304}}

In March 1915, four Scottish nurses died in Serbia of typhus.{{Cite web |title=Scottish Women's Hospitals |url=http://scottishwomenshospitals.co.uk/ |access-date=2016-09-29 |website=Scottish Women's Hospitals |language=en-US}} They were part of a group of Scottish women – nurses, doctors and volunteers – who had travelled to Serbia to establish Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service:

• Margaret Neill Fraser
• Louisa Jordan
• Augusta Minshull
• Bessie Sutherland

A memorial with the names of the 40 Scottish nurses killed in WW1 was erected by members of the Military Nursing Service, and unveiled at the Cathedral of St Giles in Edinburgh in 1921. The memorial is a bronze tablet set in green marble.

On 31 December 1917, the British troop ship HMS Osmanieh (1906) struck a mine near the entrance to Alexandria Harbour. The ship sank in under 10 minutes and almost 200 service personnel died. Among the dead were eight nurses.{{cite web|title=THE SINKING OF HMT "OSMANIEH"|url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/story/74522}} Two of them belonged to the Queen Alexandria’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS):

• Nellie Hawley
• Dorothea Roberts

and the rest belonged to the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD):

• Gertrude Bytheway
• Una Duncanson
• Lilian Midwood
• Hermione Rogers
• Catherine Ball
• Winifred Brown

{{main|Five Sisters window}}

File:York Minster window n16 "The Five sisters" (16157008236).jpg

York Minster’s Five Sisters window is the only memorial in the UK dedicated to all the women of the British Empire who lost their lives in World War I.{{cite web |url=https://yorkminster.org/discover/stories/story/the-sisters-window-for-the-sisters/ |title="The Sisters’ Window for the Sisters" |author= |website= yorkminster.org |access-date=2023-04-03}}York Minster, York; Order of Service, 9th December 1950. A Service to Welcome Back the Five Windows at their Reinsertion 1950 after the Second World War. Ref: {CY/ZC}/D10/OR 1950 Ten oak screens were added to the north side of the St Nicholas Chapel. They list the name of every woman who died in the line of service during WWI. An inscription thereon reads, “This screen records the names of women of the Empire who gave their lives in the war 1914–1918 to whose memory the Five Sisters window was restored by women”.{{cite book |date=2015 |last=Newman |first=Vivian |title=We also served: The forgotten women of the First World War |publisher=Pen and Sword History |location=Barnsley, England |page=145 |ISBN=1783462256 }} There are 1,513 names listed on the screens.{{cite magazine |date=September 1925 |author= |title=Five Sisters Window: Unveiling by the Duchess of York |magazine=The Canadian Nurse |location=Winnipeg, Canada |edition=Vol. 21, No. 9 |publisher=Canadian Nurses’ Association |page=484}}

Nurses Clara Ayres and Helen Burnett Wood were the first two women to be killed while part of the United States military when they died on 17 May 1917, following an accident on board USS Mongolia.{{cite book|last1=Tendrich Frank|first1=Lisa|title=An Encyclopedia of American Women at War: From the Home Front to the Battlefields|date=2013|publisher=Credo Reference|location=Santa Barbara, Calif|isbn=978-1-785394-515|pages=46–47|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn7Dj6qUn6kC}}

Helen Fairchild died in France on 18 January 1918, from post-operative complications following surgery for an ulcer.{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatwar.co.uk/people/nurse-helen-fairchild.htm|title=Nurse Helen Fairchild|website=www.greatwar.co.uk|access-date=2016-09-29}}

Lucy Nettie Fletcher (1886–1918) was the first Red Cross nurse in General Pershing's army to die in the performance of duty.{{cite book|last1=Metcalf|first1=Henry Harrison|last2=Abbott|first2=Frances Matilda|title=One Thousand New Hampshire Notables: Brief Biographical Sketches of New Hampshire Men and Women, Native Or Resident, Prominent in Public, Professional, Business, Educational, Fraternal Or Benevolent Work|url=https://archive.org/details/onethousandnewha00metciala/page/398/mode/1up|edition=Public domain|year=1919|publisher=Rumford printing Company}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

• {{cite web|last=Williams|first=Shirley |authorlink=Shirley Williams|date=2 April 2014|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26838077|title =World War One: The many battles faced by WW1's nurses|publisher = BBC News| accessdate = June 4, 2022 }}
• {{cite web|last=British Red Cross|date=2022|url = https://vad.redcross.org.uk/~/media/BritishRedCross/Documents/Who%20we%20are/History%20and%20archives/VAD%20casualties%20during%20the%20First%20World%20War.pdf|title =VAD casualties during the First World War|publisher = British Red Cross| accessdate = June 4, 2022 }}

Nurses

Killed

Nurses who died in World War I