List of people executed in Connecticut

{{Short description|None}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}

This is a list of people executed in Connecticut, prior to the abolition of capital punishment in the state on April 25, 2012.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/connecticut-governor-signs-death-penalty-repeal/ |title=Connecticut governor signs death penalty repeal |date=April 25, 2012 |website=CBS News}}

List

{{ incomplete list | date = February 2014 }}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
NumberNameAgeRaceSexOccupationCrimeDateMethodCountyNotes
1Nepauduck

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1639|01|30}}

| Beheading

| New Haven

|

2

| Spencer, George

| —

| White

| Male

| Servant

| Sodomy

| {{date table sorting|1642|04|01}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 5

|Plaine, William

|56

|White

|Male

|

|Sodomy

| {{date table sorting|1646| | }}

|Hanging

|New Haven

|Note 4

3

| Young, Alse

| 31-32

| White

| Female

| —

| Witchcraft

| {{dts|1647|5|26}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

4

| Johnson, Mary

| —

| White

| Female

| Servant

| Witchcraft

| {{dts|1649}}

| Hanging

| —

|

5

| Carrington, Sr, John

| 37

| White

| Male

| Carpenter

| Witchcraft

| March 1651

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

5

| Carrington, Joan

| —

| White

| Female

| Housewife

| Witchcraft

| March 1651

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

5

| Bassett (Holland), Margery "Goody"

| —

| White

| Female

| Housewife

| Witchcraft

| {{dts|1651}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

6

| Knapp, Elizabeth

| —

| White

| Female

| Housewife

| Witchcraft

| {{dts|1653}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

7

| Walter Robinson

| 15

| White

| Male

| —

| Sodomy

| {{dts|March 1655}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

8

| John Knight

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Sodomy

| {{dts|June 1655}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

9

| Greensmith, Nathaniel

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Witchcraft

| {{dts|1663|1}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

10

| Greensmith, Rebecca

| —

| White

| Female

| Housewife

| Witchcraft

| {{dts|1663|1}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

11

| Barnes, Mary

| 36

| White

| Female

| Housewife

| Witchcraft (exonerated 2023){{cite web | url=https://ctmirror.org/2023/03/02/ct-new-england-witch-trials-salem-witchcraft-convictions-connecticut-legislature | title=Connecticut confronted as originator of New England witch trials | date=2 March 2023 }}

| {{date table sorting|1663|02|24}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

12

| Potter, William

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Sodomy

| {{dts|1662|6|6}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

13

| —

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1700}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 2

14

| —

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1700}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 2

15

| —

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1700}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 2

16

| Garrett, Catherine

| 27

| Native American

| Female

| Servant

| Murder

| {{dts|1738|5|3}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

17

| Bramble, Sarah

| —

| White

| Female

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1753|11|21}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

18

| Frazier, Isaac

| —

| —

| Male

| —

| Burglary

| {{dts|1768|9}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

19

| Jacobs, John

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1768|11|2}}

| Hanging

| Litchfield

|

20

| Paul, Moses

| —

| Native American

| Male

| Drifter

| Murder

| {{dts|1772|9|2}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

21

| Dunbar, Moses

| 30

| White

| Male

| Farmer

| Treason

| {{dts|1777|3|19}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

22

| Griswold

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Treason

| {{dts|1778}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

23

| Davenport, Barnet

| 20

| White

| Male

| Servant

| Murder

| {{dts|1780|5|8}}

| Hanging

| Litchfield

|

24

| Ocuish, Hannah

| 12

| Native American

| Female

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1786|12|20}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

25

| Mountain, Joseph

| 33

| Black

| Male

| —

| Rape

| {{dts|1790|1|20}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

26

| Doane, Richard

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1797|6|10}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

27

| Starr, Thomas

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1797|6|14}}

| Hanging

| Middlesex

|

28

| Anthony

| —

| Black

| Male

| Freedman

| Rape

| {{dts|1798|11|8}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

29

| Adams, Caleb

| 18

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1803|11|29}}

| Hanging

| Windham

|

30

| Freeman, Samuel

| 25

| Black

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1805|11|6}}

| Hanging

| Windham

|

31

| Niles, Henry

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1807|11|4}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

32

| Babcock, Miner

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1816|6|6}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

33

| Lung, Peter

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1816|6|20}}

| Hanging

| Middlesex

|

34

| Adams, Amos

| 28

| Black

| Male

| —

| Rape

| {{dts|1817|11|30}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

**

| Bailey, Adonijah

| 79

| —

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1824}}

| Hanging

| Windham

| Note 3

35

| Washington, George

| —

| Native American

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1824|6|1}}

| Hanging

| Tolland

|

36

| Watkins, Oliver

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1831|8|2}}

| Hanging

| Windham

|

37

| Teller, William

| 28

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1833|9|6}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

38

| Reynolds, Caesar

| 30

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1833|9|6}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

39

| Sherman

| —

| —

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1834|6|13}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

40

| Potter, Andrew

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1846|7|20}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

41

| Foote, Henry

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1850|1|2}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 1

42

| McCaffrey, James

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1850|1|2}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 1

43

| Jennings, Michael

| 18

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1854|7|11}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

44

| Toole, Gerald

| —

| —

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1862}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

45

| Starkweather, Albert

| 25

| White

| Male

| Farmer

| Murder

| {{dts|1866|8|17}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

46

| Wilson, James

| 47

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1871|1|13}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

47

| Hamlin, Henry

| —

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1880|5|28}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

48

| Smith, James "Chip"

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1882|9|1}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

49

| Palladoni, Phillip

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1888|1|5}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

50

| Swift, John

| —

| White

| Male

| Piano player

| Murder

| {{dts|1889|4|18}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

51

| Scheele, Jacob

| —

| White

| Male

| Saloon keeper

| Murder

| {{dts|1891|6|18}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

52

| Borjensen, Andrew

| —

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1892|1|29}}

| Hanging

| Litchfield

|

53

| Petrillo, Angelo

| —

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1892|11|14}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

54

| Cronin, John

| 38

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1894|12|18}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

55

| Hartlein, Kaspar

| 40

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1896|12|13}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

56

| Kippie, Thomas F.

| 42

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1897|7|14}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

57

| Fuda, Giuseppe

| 31

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1897|12|3}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

58

| Imposino, Nicodemo

| 22

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1897|12|17}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

59

| Boinay, Charles A.

| 34

| White

| Male

| Wire weaver

| Murder

| {{dts|1898|4|14}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

59

| Willis, Benjamin R.

| 21

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1898|12|30}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

60

| Brockhaus, Frederick M.

| 21

| White

| Male

| Criminal

| Murder

| {{dts|1899|9|6}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

61

| Cross, Charles B.

| 18

| White

| Male

| Farmhand

| Murder

| {{dts|1900|7|20}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

62

| Misik, Paul

| 34

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1904|2|11}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

63

| Watson, Joseph

| 18

| Black

| Male

| Valet

| Murder

| {{dts|1904|11|17}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

64

| Marx, Gershon

| 73

| White

| Male

| Farmer

| Murder

| {{dts|1905|5|18}}

| Hanging

| New London

|

65

| Sherouk, Ephriam

| 24

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1906|1|9}}

| Hanging

| Tolland

|

66

| Bailey, Henry G.

| 40

| White

| Male

| Farmhand

| Murder

| {{dts|1907|4|16}}

| Hanging

| Middlesex

|

67

| Herman, Alexander

| 26

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1907|5|10}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

68

| Washelesky, John

| 32

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1908|7|1}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

69

| Rossi, Lorenzo

| 31

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1908|7|24}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

70

| Zett, John

| 48

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1908|12|21}}

| Hanging

| Tolland

|

71

| Campagnolo, Giuseppe

| 28

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1909|2|24}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 1

72

| Carfaro, Raffaele

| 19

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1909|2|24}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 1

73

| Zawedzianczek, John

| 28

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1910|2|9}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

74

| Tanganelli, Andrea

| 26

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1912|3|29}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

75

| Redding, George, Jr.

| 21

| White

| Male

| Produce clerk

| Murder

| {{dts|1912|11|1}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

76

| Saxon, Louis

| 29

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1913|7|27}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

77

| Plew, James

| 48

| White

| Male

| Farmhand

| Murder

| {{dts|1914|3|4}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

78

| Rikteraitis, Matijins

| 29

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1914|5|8}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

79

| Buonomo, Joseph

| 24

| White

| Male

| Criminal

| Murder

| {{dts|1914|6|30}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

80

| Bergeron, Joseph

| 40

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1914|8|11}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

81

| Montvid, Bernard

| 23

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1915|8|6}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

82

| Grela, Frank

| 41

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1915|8|13}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

83

| Roe, Harry

| 22

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1916|3|3}}

| Hanging

| Hartford{{Cite news |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1916-02-29/ed-1/seq-9.pdf |title=Williams and Roe Are Denied Pardons |date=February 29, 1916 |work=Norwich Bulletin}}

| Note 1

84

| Williams, Isaac

| 30

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1916|3|3}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

85

| Zuppa, Pasquale

| 28

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1916|3|10}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

86

| Vetere, Francisco

| 25

| White

| Male

| Entertainer

| Murder

| {{dts|1917|10|5}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 1

87

| Castelli, Joseph

| 24

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1917|10|5}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 1

88

| Buglione, Stephen

| 20

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1917|11|16}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

89

| Donvanso, Giovanni

| 21

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1917|11|16}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

90

| Wise, William

| 23

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1917|12|14}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

91

| Dusso, Frank

| 25

| White

| Male

| Longshoreman

| Murder

| {{dts|1918|6|17}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 2

92

| Pisaniello, Carmine

| 21

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1918|6|17}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 2

93

| Lanzillo, Carmine

| 24

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1918|6|17}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

| Note 2

94

| Perretta, Erasmo

| 28

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1919|6|27}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

95

| Perretta, Joseph

| 33

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1919|6|27}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

96

| Nechesnook, Nikifor

| 28

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1919|12|3}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

97

| Cerrone, Daniel

| 31

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1920|3|5}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

98

| Wade, Elwood

| 24

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1921|5|20}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

99

| Kaurawskas, John

| 36

| White

| Male

| Laborer

| Murder

| {{dts|1921|5|27}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

100

| Schutte, Emil

| 55

| White

| Male

| Merchant

| Murder

| {{dts|1922|10|24}}

| Hanging

| Middlesex

|

101

| Chapman, Gerald

| 35

| White

| Male

| Gangster

| Murder

| {{dts|1926|4|6}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

102

| Wing, Soo Hoo

| 19

| Asian

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1927|11|8}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

103

| Lung, Chin

| 33

| Asian

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1927|11|8}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

| Note 1

104

| Feltovic, John

| 19

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1929|12|10}}

| Hanging

| Fairfield

|

105

| Dibattista, Frank

| 26

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1930|2|21}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

106

| Lorenzo, Henry

| 26

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1930|8|12}}

| Hanging

| Hartford

|

107

| Simborski, John

| 30

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1936|4|7}}

| Hanging

| New Haven

|

108

| McElroy, James

| 45

| White

| Male

| Steamfitter

| Murder

| {{dts|1937|2|10}}

| Electrocution

| New Haven

|

109

| Palka, Frank

| 26

| White

| Male

| [mechanic]

| Murder

| {{dts|1938|4|12}}

| Electrocution

| Fairfield

|

110

| Weaver, Ira

| 36

| White

| Male

| Handyman

| Murder

| {{dts|1940|4|29}}

| Electrocution

| Middlesex

| Note 1

111

| Cots, Vincent

| 32

| White

| Male

| Mechanic

| Murder

| {{dts|1940|4|29}}

| Electrocution

| Middlesex

| Note 1

112

| Gurski, Peter

| 28

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1943|2|23}}

| Electrocution

| Litchfield

|

113

| Funderburk, Wilson

| 38

| Black

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1943|4|20}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

|

114

| Decaro, Carlo

| 20

| White

| Male

| Factory worker

| Murder

| {{dts|1944|5|3}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

|

115

| Rossi, Nicholas

| 33

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1945|6|18}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

|

116

| Lewie, Raymond

| 19

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1946|10|1}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

| Note 2

117

| Tommaselli, Arthur

| 25

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1946|10|1}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

| Note 2

118

| McCarthy, James

| 21

| White

| Male

| Convict

| Murder

| {{dts|1946|10|1}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

| Note 2

119

| Bradley, Robert

| 38

| Black

| Male

| Trash collector

| Murder

| {{dts|1948|4|12}}

| Electrocution

| New Haven

|

120

| Lorain, William

| 34

| White

| Male

| —

| Murder

| {{dts|1955|7|11}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

|

121

| Malm, Robert

| 32

| White

| Male

| Dishwasher

| Murder

| {{dts|1955|7|18}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

| Note 1

122

| Donahue, John

| 22

| White

| Male

| Parolee

| Murder

| {{dts|1955|7|18}}

| Electrocution

| Fairfield

| Note 1

123

| Davies, George

| 41

| White

| Male

| Machine tool operator

| Murder

| {{dts|1959|9|20}}

| Electrocution

| New Haven

|

124

| Wojculewicz, Frank

| 42

| White

| Male

| Gangster

| Murder

| {{dts|1959|10|26}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

|

125

| Taborsky, Joseph L.

| 36

| White

| Male

| Gangster

| Murder

| {{dts|1960|5|17}}

| Electrocution

| Hartford

|

126

| Ross, Michael B.

| 45

| White

| Male

| Insurance salesman

| Murder

| {{dts|2005|5|13}}

| Lethal injection

| Tolland

|

class="sortbottom"

!

! Average Age:

! 30.44

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

Notes:

  1. On this occasion, two executions took place.
  2. On this occasion, three executions took place.
  3. This is what the chart claimed in 2005, but contrary to popular belief, Adonijah Bailey was not the oldest person executed at age 79 in 1824; instead, he was tried and sentenced to death at age 80 in January 1825 for the murder of Jeremiah W. Pollock, and hanged himself on May 24, over 2 weeks before he was to be executed.{{cite web|url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/RIGENWEB/2006-03/1142469753 |title=RootsWeb: RIGENWEB-L Re: [RIGENWEB] Pollock Murder -- the Scoop |access-date=2010-12-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014062138/http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/RIGENWEB/2006-03/1142469753 |archive-date=2012-10-14 }}{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGZGAAAAYAAJ&q=adonijah+bailey&pg=RA1-PA4 |title = The Telescope|year = 1824}} The title of the oldest person executed goes instead to Gershon Marx, hanged on May 18, 1905, for murder at age 73.{{Cite web|url=http://www.mail-archive.com/deathpenalty@lists.washlaw.edu/msg01797.html|title=[Deathpenalty]death penalty news----CONN., ALA., MISS., KY., USA}}
  4. James Savage, ed., John Winthrop, The History of New England from 1630 to 1649, Vol. 2, (Boston:Little, Brown, 1853), page 324. See also Goodheart, where there are 158 death penalty victims identified for Connecticut.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEIush39IB8C|title=The Solemn Sentence of Death: Capital Punishment in Connecticut|last=Goodheart|first=Lawrence B.|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Univ of Massachusetts Press|isbn=978-1558498471|language=en}}
  5. Posthumously pardoned.

Summary

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
Age

! Frequency

! Percent

19 and below

| 9

| 7%

20 to 29

| 39

| 31%

30 to 39

| 25

| 20%

40 to 49

| 12

| 10%

50 and above

| 2

| 2%

Unknown

| 39

| 31%

Race

! Frequency

! Percent

White

| 104

| 83%

Native American

| 10

| 8%

Black

| 7

| 6%

Asian

| 2

| 2%

Unknown

| 3

| 2%

Sex

! Frequency

! Percent

Male

| 117

| 93%

Female{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Heather |title=The Execution of Women in Connecticut |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32220466 |access-date=May 17, 2024 |website=Research Gate}}

| 9

| 7%

Crime

! Frequency

! Percent

Murder

| 109

| 87%

Witchcraft

| 7

| 6%

Sodomy

| 4

| 3%

Rape

| 3

| 2%

Treason

| 2

| 2%

Burglary

| 1

| 1%

Date

! Frequency

! Percent

1600 to 1699

| 12

| 10%

1700 to 1799

| 16

| 13%

1800 to 1899

| 32

| 25%

1900 to 1999

| 65

| 52%

2000 to present

| 1

| 1%

Method

! Frequency

! Percent

Hanging

| 107

| 85%

Electrocution

| 18

| 14%

Lethal injection

| 1

| 1%

County

! Frequency

! Percent

Hartford

| 42

| 33%

New Haven

| 39

| 31%

Fairfield

| 18

| 14%

New London

| 8

| 6%

Litchfield

| 6

| 5%

Middlesex

| 6

| 5%

Windham

| 3

| 2%

Tolland

| 3

| 2%

Unknown

| 1

| 1%

Total:

! 126 Executions

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

[https://archives.albany.edu/concern/daos/cz30q762p 7. https://archives.albany.edu/concern/daos/cz30q762p]