List of plesiosaur genera

{{Short description|None}}

This list of plesiosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the order Plesiosauria, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered plesiosaurs. The list currently includes {{table row counter|id=list}} genera.

Scope and terminology

There is no official, canonical list of plesiosaur genera but one of the most thorough attempts can be found on the Plesiosauria section of Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive;See Haaramo, Plesiosauria. also pertinent is the Plesiosaur Genera section at Adam Stuart Smith's Plesiosaur Directory.See Smith, Plesiosaur Genera.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen. In this case, these nomina nuda will be deleted from this list in favor of the published name.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 95%"

Genus

!Authors

!Year

!Status

!Age

!Location

! width="50%"| Notes

Abyssosaurus{{cite journal |author=A. Yu. Berezin |year=2011 |title=A new plesiosaur of the family Aristonectidae from the early cretaceous of the center of the Russian platform |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=648–660 |doi=10.1134/S0031030111060037 |bibcode=2011PalJ...45..648B |s2cid=129045087 }}

|

Berezin

|

2011

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Acostasaurus{{Cite journal|author1=Marcela Gómez-Pérez |author2=Leslie F. Noè |year=2017 |title=Cranial anatomy of a new pliosaurid Acostasaurus pavachoquensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia, South America |journal=Palaeontographica Abteilung A |volume=310 |issue=1–2 |pages=5–42 |doi=10.1127/pala/2017/0068 |bibcode=2017PalAA.310....5G }}

|Gómez-Pérez

Noè

|

2017

|

Valid

|

eK

|

South America

|

Albertonectes{{cite journal |author=Tai Kubo |author2=Mark T. Mitchell |author3=Donald M. Henderson |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Albertonectes vanderveldei, a new elasmosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=557–572 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.658124|bibcode=2012JVPal..32..557K |s2cid=129500470 }}

|Kubo

Mitchell

Henderson

|

2012

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Alexandronectes

|

Otero et al.

|

2016

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Australasia

|

Alexeyisaurus

|

Sennikov

Arkhangelsky

|

2010

|

Valid

|

lT

|

Europe

|

"Alzadasaurus"

|

Welles

|

1943

|

|

|

|

Anguanax{{cite journal |author1=Andrea Cau |author2=Federico Fanti |name-list-style=amp|year=2015 |title=High evolutionary rates and the origin of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation (Middle-Upper Jurassic of Italy) reptiles |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=28 |issue= 7|pages= 952–962|doi=10.1080/08912963.2015.1073726 |s2cid=86528030 }}

|

Cau

Fanti

|

2015

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

Europe

|

Anningasaura{{cite journal |author=Peggy Vincent |author2=Roger B. J. Benson |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Anningasaura, a basal plesiosaurian (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis, United Kingdom |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=1049–1063 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.686467|bibcode=2012JVPal..32.1049V |s2cid=86547069 }}

|

Vincent

Benson

|

2012

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Apatomerus

|

Williston

|

1903

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Aphrosaurus

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

"Apractocleidus"

|

Smellie

|

1916

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

| Junior synonym of Cryptoclidus.

Aptychodon

|

Reuss

|

1855

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

Archaeonectrus

|

Owen

|

1865

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Arminisaurus

|

Sachs

Kear

|

2018

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Aristonectes

|

Cabrera

|

1941

|

Valid

|

lK

|

South America, Antarctica

|

Attenborosaurus

|

Bakker

|

1993

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Atychodracon

|

Smith

|

2015

|

Valid

|

|

Europe

|

Avalonnectes{{cite journal |author=Roger B. J. Benson |author2=Mark Evans |author3=Patrick S. Druckenmiller |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=High Diversity, Low Disparity and Small Body Size in Plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e31838 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0031838 |pmid=22438869 |pmc=3306369|bibcode=2012PLoSO...731838B |doi-access=free }}

|Benson

Evans

Druckenmiller

|

2012

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Bathyspondylus

|

Delair

|

1982

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

|

Bishanopliosaurus

|

Dong

|

1980

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

|

Bobosaurus

|

Dalla Vecchia

|

2006

|

Valid

|

lT

|

|

Borealonectes

|

Sato

Wu

|

1980

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

|

Brachauchenius

|

Williston

|

1903

|

Valid

|

eK to lK

|

|

Brancasaurus

|

Wegner

|

1914

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Brimosaurus

|

Leidy

|

1855

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

Callawayasaurus

|

Carpenter

|

1999

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Cardiocorax{{cite journal |author=R. Araújo |author2=M.J. Polcyn |author3=A.S. Schulp |author4=O. Mateus |author5=L.L. Jacobs|author6=A. Olímpio Gonçalves |author7=M.-L. Morais |name-list-style=amp |year=2015 |title=A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs |journal=Netherlands Journal of Geosciences |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=109–120 |doi=10.1017/njg.2014.44 |s2cid=86616531 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2015NJGeo..94..109A }}

|

Araújo

et al.

|

2015

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Africa

|

Ceraunosaurus

|

Thurmond

|

1968

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

| Junior synonym of Trinacromerum.

Chubutinectes{{Cite journal |last1=O’Gorman |first1=José P. |last2=Carignano |first2=Ana Paula |last3=Calvo-Marcilese |first3=Lydia |last4=Pérez Panera |first4=Juan Pablo |date=2023-08-10 |title=A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=152 |language=en |pages=105674 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105674 |bibcode=2023CrRes.15205674O |s2cid=260830333 |issn=0195-6671}}

|

O'Gorman

et al.

|

2023

|

Valid

|

lK

|

South America

|

Cimoliasaurus

|

Leidy

|

1851

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

Colymbosaurus

|

Seeley

|

1874

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

|

Crymocetus

|

Cope

|

1869

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Cryonectes{{cite journal |author=Peggy Vincent |author2=Nathalie Bardet |author3=Emanuela Mattioli |name-list-style=amp |title=A new pliosaurid from the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of Normandy (Northern France) |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |year=2012 |volume=in press |url=http://app.pan.pl/article/item/app20110113.html |doi=10.4202/app.2011.0113 |doi-access=free }}

|

Vincent

Bardet

Mattioli

|

2013

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Cryptoclidus

|

Seeley

|

1892

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Discosaurus

|

Leidy

|

1851

|

Valid

|

|

|

Djupedalia{{cite journal|author=Espen M. Knutsen |author2=Patrick S. Druckenmiller |author3=Jørn H. Hurum |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=A new plesiosauroid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Agardhfjellet Formation (Middle Volgian) of central Spitsbergen, Norway |journal=Norwegian Journal of Geology |volume=92 |issue=2–3 |pages=213–234 |url=http://www.geologi.no/data/f/0/21/02/9_2401_0/NJG_2_3_2012_12_Knutsen_etal_Pr.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807095510/https://www.geologi.no/data/f/0/21/02/9_2401_0/NJG_2_3_2012_12_Knutsen_etal_Pr.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 7, 2020 }}

|

Knutsen

Druckenmiller

Hurum

|

2012

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

Europe

|

Dolichorhynchops

|

Williston

|

1903

|

Valid

|

|

North America

|

Dravidosaurus

|

Yadagiri

Ayyasami

|

1979

|

Nomen dubium

|

lK

|

Asia

|

Possibly a stegosaurian dinosaur

Eardasaurus

|

Ketchum

Benson

|

2022

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Edgarosaurus

|

Druckenmiller

|

2002

|

Valid

|

eK

|

North America

|

Eiectus

|

Noè

Gómez-Pérez

|

2021

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Australia

|

Elasmosaurus

|

Cope

|

1868

|

Valid

|

|

North America

Asia

|

Embaphias

|

Cope

|

1894

|

Nomen dubium

|

lK

|

North America

|

Eoplesiosaurus

|

Benson

Evans

Druckenmiller

|

2012

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

EopolycotylusPLESIOSAURS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (CENOMANIAN–TURONIAN) TROPIC SHALE OF SOUTHERN UTAH, PART 2: POLYCOTYLIDAE

L. Barry Albright Iii, David D. Gillette, and Alan L. Titus, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2007, 27(1):41-58

|

Albright

Gillette

Titus

|

2007

|

Valid

|

|

|

Eretmosaurus

|

Seeley

|

1874

|

Valid

|

|

|

Eromangasaurus

|

Kear

|

2005

|

Valid

|

|

|

Eurycleidus

|

Andrews

|

1922

|

Valid

|

|

|

Eurysaurus

|

Gaudry

|

1878

|

Valid

|

|

|

Fluvionectes

|

Campbell

et al.

|

2021

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Franconiasaurus{{Cite journal |last1=Sachs |first1=Sven |last2=Eggmaier |first2=Stefan |last3=Madzia |first3=Daniel |date=2024-02-16 |title=Exquisite skeletons of a new transitional plesiosaur fill gap in the evolutionary history of plesiosauroids |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/feart.2024.1341470 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024FrEaS..1241470S }}

|

Sachs

Eggmaier

Madzia

|

2024

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Fresnosaurus

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Valid

|

|

|

Futabasaurus

|

Sato

Hasegawa

Manabe

|

2006

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Asia

|Also a theropod nomen nudum ("Futabasaurus").

Gallardosaurus

|

Gasparini

|

2009

| Valid

|

|

|

"Georgia"

|

Otschev

|

1976

| Preoccupied

|

|

|Preoccupied by a genus of mollusk, renamed Georgiasaurus.

Georgiasaurus

|

Otschev

|

1978

|

Valid

|

|

|

Goniosaurus

|

Meyer

|

1860{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

|

Valid

|

|

|

Gronausaurus{{cite journal |author=Oliver Hampe |year=2013 |title=The forgotten remains of a leptocleidid plesiosaur (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Gronau (Münsterland, Westphalia, Germany) |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=473–491 |doi=10.1007/s12542-013-0175-3 |bibcode=2013PalZ...87..473H |s2cid=129834688 }}

|Hampe

|

2013

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Hastanectes{{cite journal |author=Roger B. J. Benson |author2=Hilary F. Ketchum |author3=Darren Naish |author4=Langan E. Turner |name-list-style=amp |title=A new leptocleidid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Vectis Formation (Early Barremian–early Aptian; Early Cretaceous) of the Isle of Wight and the evolution of Leptocleididae, a controversial clade |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |year=2013 |volume=11 |issue= 2|pages= 233–250|doi=10.1080/14772019.2011.634444 |bibcode=2013JSPal..11..233B |s2cid=18562271 }}

|Benson

et al.

|

2012

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Hauffiosaurus

|

O'Keefe

|

2001

|

Valid

|

|

|

Hydralmosaurus

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Valid

|

|

|

Hydrorion

|

Grobmann

|

2006

|

Valid

|

|

|

Hydrotherosaurus

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Ischyrodon

|

von Meyer

|

1838

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Liopleurodon.

Jucha

|

Fischer

et al.

|

2020

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Kaiwhekea

|

Cruickshank

Fordyce

|

2002

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

Europe

|

Kawanectes{{cite journal |author=José P. O'Gorman |year=2016 |title=A small body sized non-aristonectine elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia with comments on the relationships of the Patagonian and Antarctic elasmosaurids |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=53 |issue= 3|pages= 245–268|doi=10.5710/AMGH.29.11.2015.2928 |s2cid=133139689 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/108247 |hdl=11336/54311 |hdl-access=free }}

|

O'Gorman

|

2016

|

Valid

|

lK

|

South America

|

Kimmerosaurus

|

Brown

|

1981

|

Valid

|

|

|

Kronosaurus

|

Longman

|

1924

|

Valid

|

|

Australia, South America

|

Lagenanectes

|

Sachs

Hornung

Kear

|

2017

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Leivanectes

|

Páramo-Fonseca

O'Gorman

Gasparini

Padilla

Parra Ruge

|

2019

|

Valid

|

eK

|

South America

|

Leptocleidus

|

Andrews

|

1922

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe, Africa, Australia

|

Leurospondylus

|

Brown

|

1913

|

Valid

|

|

|

Libonectes

|

Carpenter

|

1997

|

Valid

|

|

|

Lindwurmia

|

Vincent

Storrs

|

2019

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Liopleurodon

|

Sauvage

|

1873

|

Valid

|

|

|

Lorrainosaurus

|

Sachs

et al.

|

2023

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Originally assigned to Simolestes.{{cite journal|author1=Sachs, S.|author2=Madzia, D.|author3=Thuy, B.|author4=Kear, B.P.|date=October 16, 2023|title=The rise of macropredatory pliosaurids near the Early-Middle Jurassic transition|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=13|issue=17558|page=17558 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-43015-y|doi-access=free|pmid=37845269 |pmc=10579310|bibcode=2023NatSR..1317558S }}

Luetkesaurus

|

Kiprijanoff

|

1883

|

Valid

|

|

|

Luskhan

|

Fischer

et al.

|

2017

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Lusonectes

|

Smith

Araújo

Mateus

|

2011

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Macroplata

|

Swinton

|

1930

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Makhaira{{cite journal |author=Valentin Fischer |author2=Maxim S. Arkhangelsky |author3=Ilya M. Stenshin|author4=Gleb N. Uspensky |author5=Nikolay G. Zverkov |author6=Roger B. J. Benson |name-list-style=amp |year=2015 |title=Peculiar macrophagous adaptations in a new Cretaceous pliosaurid |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=150552 |doi=10.1098/rsos.150552 |pmc=4807462 |pmid=27019740 |bibcode=2015RSOS....250552F }}

|

Fischer

et al.

|

2015

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Manemergus

|

Buchy

Metayer

Frey

|

2005

|

Valid

|

|

|

Marambionectes{{Cite journal |last1=O'Gorman |first1=Jose P. |last2=Canale |first2=Juan I. |last3=Bona |first3=Paula |last4=Tineo |first4=David E. |last5=Reguero |first5=Marcelo |last6=Cárdenas |first6=Magalí |date=2024-12-31 |title=A new elasmosaurid (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the López de Bertodano Formation: new data on the evolution of the aristonectine morphology |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2024.2312302 |bibcode=2024JSPal..2212302O |issn=1477-2019}}

|

O'Gorman

et al.

|

2024

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Antarctica

|

Maresaurus

|

Gasparini

|

1997

|

Valid

|

|

|

Marmornectes

|

Ketchum

Benson

|

2011

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Martinectes{{Cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Robert O. |last2=O’Keefe |first2=F. Robin |last3=Slack |first3=Sara E. |date=2023-12-24 |title=A new genus of small polycotylid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior Seaway and a clarification of the genus Dolichorhynchops |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667123003403 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=157 |pages=105812 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105812 |s2cid=266546582 |issn=0195-6671|url-access=subscription }}

|

Clark

O’Keefe

Slack

|

2024

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Mauisaurus

|

Hector

|

1874

|

Valid

|

|

|

Mauriciosaurus

|

Frey

et al.

|

2017

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Megacephalosaurus{{Cite journal|author=Bruce A. Schumacher|author2=Kenneth Carpenter|author3=Michael J. Everhart|name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |title=A new Cretaceous Pliosaurid (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Carlile Shale (middle Turonian) of Russell County, Kansas |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=613–628 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.722576 |bibcode=2013JVPal..33..613S |s2cid=130165209}}

|

Schumacher

Carpenter

Everhart

|

2013

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Megalneusaurus

|

Knight

|

1898

|

Valid

|

|

|

Meyerasaurus

|

Smith

Vincent

|

2010

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Microcleidus

|

Watson

|

1911

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

|

Monquirasaurus

|

Noè

Gómez-Pérez

|

2021

|

Valid

|

eK

|

South America

|

Morenosaurus

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Valid

|

|

|

Morturneria

|

Chatterjee

Creisler

|

1994

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|Junior synonym of Aristonectes.

Muraenosaurus

|

Seeley

|

1874

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Nakonanectes

|

Serratos

Druckenmiller

Benson

|

2017

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Nichollssaura{{cite journal |last=Druckenmiller |first=Patrick S. |author2=Russell, Anthony P. |year=2009 |title=The new plesiosaurian genus Nichollssaura from Alberta, Canada: replacement name for the preoccupied genus Nichollsia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=29 |issue=1 |page=276 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2009.10010379|bibcode=2009JVPal..29..276D |s2cid=83847722 }}

|

Druckenmiller

Russell

|

2009

|

Valid

|

eK

|

North America

|

"Nichollsia"

|

Druckenmiller

Russell

|

2008

|

Preoccupied

|

|

|

Preoccupied by a genus of isopod, renamed Nichollssaura.

Occitanosaurus

|

Bardet

Fernandez

Garcia-Ramos

Superbiola

Pinuela

Ruiz-Omenaca

Vincent

|

2008

|

Valid

|

|

|

Ogmodirus

|

Williston

Moodie

|

1917

|

Valid

|

|

|

Oligosimus

|

Leidy

|

1872

|

Nomen dubium

|

lK

|

North America

|

Opallionectes

|

Kear

|

2006

|

Valid

|

|

|

Ophthalmothule

|

Roberts

et al.

|

2020

|

Valid

|

lJ-eK

|

Europe

|

Orophosaurus

|

Cope

|

1851

|

Valid

|

|

|

Pachycostasaurus

|

Cruickshank

Martill

|

1996

|

Valid

|

|

|

Pahasapasaurus

|

Schumacher

|

2007

|

Valid

|

|

|

"Palmula"

|

Albright

Gillette

Titus

|

2007

|

Preoccupied

|

|

|

Preoccupied by a genus of foraminifer, renamed Palmulasaurus.

Palmulasaurus

|

Albright

Gillete

Titus

|

2007

|

Valid

|

|

|

Pantosaurus

|

Marsh

|

1893

|

Valid

|

|

|

Peloneustes

|

Lydekker

|

1889

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Peyerus

|

Stromer

|

1935

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Leptocleidus.

Picrocleidus

|

Andrews

|

1909

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Muraenosaurus.

Piptomerus

|

Cope

|

1887

|

Valid

|

|

|

Piratosaurus

|

Leidy

|

1865

|

Valid

|

|

|

Plesioelasmosaurus

|

Schumacher

Everhart

|

2022

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Plesiopharos

|

Puértolas-Pascual

et al.

|

2021

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

Plesiopleurodon

|

Carpenter

|

1996

|

Valid

|

|

|

Plesiopterys

|

O'Keefe

|

2004

|

Valid

|

|

|

Plesiosaurus

|

Conybeare

|

1821

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Pliosaurus

|

Owen

|

1841

|

Valid

|

|

|

Polycotylus

|

Cope

|

1869

|

Valid

|

|

|

Polyptychodon

|

Owen

|

1841

|

Valid

|

|

|

Rhaeticosaurus{{Cite journal|author1=Tanja Wintrich |author2=Shoji Hayashi |author3=Alexandra Houssaye |author4=Yasuhisa Nakajima |author5=P. Martin Sander |year=2017 |title=A Triassic plesiosaurian skeleton and bone histology inform on evolution of a unique body plan |journal=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=e1701144 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1701144 |pmid=29242826 |pmc=5729018 |bibcode=2017SciA....3E1144W }}

|

Wintrich

et al.

|

2017

|

Valid

|

lT

|

Europe

|

Rhomaleosaurus

|

Seeley

|

1871

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Sachicasaurus

|Páramo-Fonseca

Benavides-Cabra

Gutiérrez

|

2018

|

Valid

|

eK

|

South America

|

Scalamagnus

|Clark

O’Keefe

Slack

|

2024

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Scanisaurus

|

Persson

|

1959

|

Valid

|

|

|

Seeleyosaurus

|

White

|

1940

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Serpentisuchops

|

Persons

Street

Kelley

|

2022

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Simolestes

|

Andrews

|

1909

|

Valid

|

|

|

Sinopliosaurus

|

Young

|

1944

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Spitrasaurus{{cite journal |author=Espen M. Knutsen |author2=Patrick S. Druckenmiller |author3=Jørn H. Hurum |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Two new species of long-necked plesiosaurians (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Jurassic (Middle Volgian) Agardhfjellet Formation of central Spitsbergen |journal=Norwegian Journal of Geology |volume=92 |issue=2–3 |pages=187–212 |url=http://www.geologi.no/data/f/0/21/03/4_2401_0/NJG_2_3_2012_11_Knutsen_etal_Pr.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807154311/https://www.geologi.no/data/f/0/21/03/4_2401_0/NJG_2_3_2012_11_Knutsen_etal_Pr.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 7, 2020 }}

|

Knutsen

Druckenmiller

Hurum

|

2012

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

Europe

|

Spondylosaurus

|

Fisher

|

1845

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Pliosaurus.

Stratesaurus

|

Benson

Evans

Druckenmiller

|

2012

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Sulcusuchus

|

Gasparini

Spalletti

|

1992

|

Valid

|

lK

|

South America

|

Stenorhynchosaurus

|

Páramo

et al.

|

2016

|

Valid

|

eK

|

South America

|

Stereosaurus

|

Seeley

|

1869

|

Valid

|

|

|

Sthenarosaurus

|

Watson

|

1911

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

|

"Stretosaurus"

|

Tarlo

|

1959

|InValid

|

|

|Type specimen is undiagnostic and should be assigned to Thalassophonea indeterminate.Espen M. Knutsen (2012). "A taxonomic revision of the genus Pliosaurus (Owen, 1841a) Owen, 1841b". Norwegian Journal of Geology 92 (2–3): 259–276. ISSN 0029-196X. Low resolution pdf High resolution pdfBenson, R. B. J.; Evans, M.; Smith, A. S.; Sassoon, J.; Moore-Faye, S.; Ketchum, H. F.; Forrest, R. (2013). "A Giant Pliosaurid Skull from the Late Jurassic of England". In Butler, Richard J. PLoS ONE 8 (5): e65989. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065989. edit

Strongylokrotaphus

|

Novozhilov

|

1964

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Pliosaurus.

Styxosaurus

|

Welles

|

1952

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Taphrosaurus

|

Cope

|

1870

|

Valid

|

lK

|

"Tatenectes"{{Aut|O'Keefe, F.R.}} & {{Aut|Street, H.P.}} 2009; "Osteology of the Cryptocleidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, with Comments on the Taxonomic Status of the Cimoliasauridae" Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):48–57

|

Knight

|

1900

|

Valid

|

|

|

Terminonatator

|

Sato

|

2003

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

Thalassiodracon

|

Storrs

Taylor

|

1996

|

Valid

|

lT-eJ

|

Europe

|

Thalassiosaurus

|

Welles

|

1953

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Styxosaurus.

Thalassomedon

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Thalassonomosaurus

|

Welles

|

1943

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Styxosaurus.

Thaumatodracon

|

Smith

Araújo

|

2017

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Europe

|

"Thaumatosaurus"

|

Meyer

|

1841

|InValid

|

|

|Holotype is not diagnostic and can be referred to Pliosauroidea indet at best.

Thililua

|

Bardet

Suberbiola

Jalil

|

2003

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

Traskasaura{{Cite journal |last1=O'Keefe |first1=F. Robin |last2=Armour Smith |first2=Elliott |last3=Clark |first3=Robert O. |last4=Otero |first4=Rodrigo A. |last5=Perella |first5=Anna |last6=Trask |first6=Patrick |date=2025-12-31 |title=A name for the Provincial Fossil of British Columbia: a strange new elasmosaur taxon from the Santonian of Vancouver Island |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2025.2489938 |issn=1477-2019}}

|

O'Keefe

et al.

|

2025

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

"Tremamesacleis"

|

White

|

1940

|

Jr. synonym

|

|

|

Junior synonym of Muraenosaurus.

Trematospondylus

|

Quenstedt

|

1858

|

Nomen dubium

|

mJ

|

Europe

|

Tricleidus

|

Andrews

|

1909

|

Valid

|

|

|

Trinacromerum

|

Cragin

|

1888

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

Tuarangisaurus

|

Wiffen

Moisley

|

1986

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

"Turneria"

|

Chatterjee

Small

|

1989

|

Preoccupied

|

|

|

Preoccupied by a genus of ant, renamed Morturneria which is now recognised as a junior synonym of Aristonectes.

Umoonasaurus

|

Kear

Schroeder

Lee

|

2006

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Australia

|

Unktaheela

|

Clark

O’Keefe

Slack

|

2024

|

Valid

|

lK

|

North America

|

UronautesE. D. Cope. 1876. On some extinct reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28:340-359

|

Cope

|

1870

|

Valid

|

lK

|

|

Vectocleidus

|

Benson

et al.

|

2012

|

Valid

|

eK

|

Europe

|

Vegasaurus{{cite journal |author=José P. O’Gorman |author2=Leonardo Salgado |author3=Eduardo B. Olivero |author4=Sergio A. Marenssi |name-list-style=amp |year=2015 |title=Vegasaurus molyi, gen. et sp. nov. (Plesiosauria, Elasmosauridae), from the Cape Lamb Member (lower Maastrichtian) of the Snow Hill Island Formation, Vega Island, Antarctica, and remarks on Wedellian Elasmosauridae |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=e931285 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.931285 |bibcode=2015JVPal..35E1285O |hdl=11336/53416 |s2cid=128965534 |hdl-access=free }}

|

O'Gorman

Salgado

Olivero

Marenssi

|

2015

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Antarctica

|

VinialesaurusGasparini, Z., Bardet, N., and Iturralde-Vinent, M. (2002). "[http://www.medioambiente.cu/museo/viniasaur.htm A new cryptoclidid plesiosaur from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Cuba] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702145258/http://www.medioambiente.cu/museo/viniasaur.htm |date=2010-07-02 }}". Geobios 35(2): 201-211.

|

Gasparini

Bardet

Vinent

Iturralde

|

2002

|

Valid

|

lJ

|

|

Westphaliasaurus

|

Schwermann

Sander

|

2011

|

Valid

|

eJ

|

Europe

|

Woolungasaurus

|

Persson

|

1960

|

Valid

|

eK

|

|

Wunyelfia

|

Otero

Soto-Acuña

|

2020

|

Valid

|

lK

|

South America

|

YuzhoupliosaurusZhang, Y (1985). A new plesiosaur from Middle Jurassic of Sichuan Basin. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 23: 235-240.

|

Zhang

|

1985

|

Valid

|

mJ

|

|

"Zahrisaurus"

|

Malkani

|

2019

|

Nomen nudum

|

lK

|

Asia

|

Zarafasaura

|

Vincent

Pereda-Suberbiola

Bouya

Amaghzaz

Meslouh

|

2011

|

Valid

|

lK

|

Africa

|

|style="border:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border:0px" valign="top"|

border="0" style= height:"100%" align="right" style="background:transparent"
style="height:1px"

|

File:Aristonectes2DB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Attenborosaurus BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Atychodracon DB.jpg]]

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|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Cryptoclidus NT small.jpg]]

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|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Dolichorhynchops.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Edgarosaurus.jpg]]

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|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Elasmosaurus platyurus.jpg]]

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|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Franconiasaurus Life Restoration.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:National Museum of Nature and Science- Futabasaurus.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Hydrotherosaurus NT.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

File:Kaiwhekea1DB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Kronosaurus bojacens1DB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Leptocleidus1DB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Liopleurodon after Tarlo.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Macroplata BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Martinectes transparent background.png]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Microcleidus.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Muraenosaurus l2.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Nichollssaura BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Peloneustes BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Plesiopleurodon2DB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Plesiosaurus 3DB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:PliosaurusDB12.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Polyptychodon hudsDB2.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni (fossil).jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Scalamagnus tropicensis.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:SeeleysaurusDB.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Simolestes.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Styxosaurus BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Plesiosaur cast arp.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Thalassomedon BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Trinacromerum BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|

style="height:1px"

|

File:Umoonasaurus BW.jpg]]

style="height:30px"

|-

|}

See also

{{Portal|Paleontology}}

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

{{div col end}}

Footnotes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • {{cite web

|last = Haaramo

|first = Mikko

|title = Plesiosauria

|work = Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

|date = 15 November 2005

|url = http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Reptilia/Sauropterygia/Plesiosauria.htm

|access-date = 4 November 2023

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902043146/http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Reptilia/Sauropterygia/Plesiosauria.htm

|archive-date = 2 September 2006

}}

  • {{cite web

|last = Smith

|first = Adam Stuart

|title = Plesiosaur Genera

|work = The Plesiosaur Directory

|url = http://www.plesiosauria.com/genera.html

|access-date = 4 November 2023

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060321174712/http://www.plesiosauria.com/genera.html

|archive-date = 21 March 2006

}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plesiosaur genera}}

Genera

Plesiosaurs

Plesiosaurs

Genera