List of presidents of Egypt
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File:Presidential Standard of Egypt.svg
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| image2 = Flag of the President of the Republic of Egypt (1953-1958).svg
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{{Politics of Egypt}}
The office of President of Egypt was established in 1953. The president is the head of state of Egypt and the Supreme Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who has effectively controlled the country since the 2013 coup d'état, and was officially elected president in 2014.
Background
The first president of Egypt was Mohamed Naguib, one of the leaders of the Free Officers Movement who led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and who took office on 18 June 1953, the day on which Egypt was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by five further people: Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak, Mohamed Morsi and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In addition, Sufi Abu Taleb acted as president between Sadat's assassination and the Mubarak's election as his successor, and Adly Mansour acted as president after Morsi's overthrow in the 2013 coup d'état.
Following Hosni Mubarak's resignation on 11 February 2011{{Cite news|last1=McGreal|first1=Chris|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/11/hosni-mubarak-resigns-egypt-cairo|title=Hosni Mubarak resigns – and Egypt celebrates a new dawn|date=11 February 2011|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 February 2020|last2=Shenker|first2=Jack|issn=0261-3077}} in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the office was vacant, with the functions of head of state and head of government being discharged by the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, Field Marshal Muhammad Hussein Tantawy.[https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/egypt-trades-torture-supervisor-mubaraks-poodle/story?id=12895439 Egypt Trades Torture Supervisor for 'Mubarak's Poodle'?] ABC News, 11 February 2011
Mohamed Morsi took office on 30 June 2012, after being elected by the presidential election held on 23–24 May and 16–17 June 2012.{{cite web|title=Muslim Brotherhood candidate Morsi wins Egyptian presidential election|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/06/24/egypt-braces-for-announcement-president/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624193616/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/06/24/egypt-braces-for-announcement-president/|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2012|publisher=Fox News.com|access-date=24 June 2012}} He was deposed by the Egyptian Armed Forces in a coup d'état on 3 July 2013, following massive protests calling for his resignation.[http://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/03/world/meast/egypt-protests/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 Coup topples Egypt's Morsy; supporters reportedly rounded up - CNN.com]. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved on 14 August 2013. He was succeeded by Adly Mansour, the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt, as Acting President. Mansour was sworn into office in front of the Supreme Constitutional Court on 4 July 2013.{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/04/adly-mansour-sworn-in_n_3545682.html|title=Adly Mansour Sworn in As Egypt's Interim President|website=HuffPost |agency=Associated Press|date=4 July 2013|access-date=4 July 2013}}
Current President el-Sisi took office on 8 June 2014, after being elected by the presidential election held on 26–28 May 2014.{{cite web|title=El-Sisi wins Egypt's presidential race with 96.91%|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/102841/Egypt/Politics-/BREAKING-PEC-officially-announces-AbdelFattah-ElSi.aspx|website=English.Ahram.org|publisher=Ahram Online|access-date=3 June 2014}} He was re-elected twice (by the presidential election held on 26–28 March 2018{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21739854-despite-bribes-and-threats-voters-seemed-unenthusiastic-abdel-fattah-al-sisi|title=Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi wins a second term in Egypt|newspaper=The Economist|date=30 March 2018}} and by the presidential election held on 10–12 December 2023{{cite news|title=El-Sissi wins Egypt's presidential election with 89.6% of the vote and secures third term in office|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/world/el-sissi-wins-egypt-s-presidential-election-with-89-6-of-the-vote-and-secures-third-term-in-office-1.6691855|work=CTV News|date=18 December 2023|access-date=18 December 2023}}).
List of officeholders
;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|Liberation Rally}}|Liberation Rally|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|National Union (United Arab Republic)}}|National Union|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|United Party for National Development}}|Arab Socialist Union|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|National Democratic Party (Egypt)}}|National Democratic Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)}}|Freedom and Justice Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
;Other affiliations
{{legend|{{party color|Military rule}}|Military|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}|Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
;Status
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes acting or interim president}}
;Symbols
{{note label|P|P|P}} Presidential referendum
{{note label|CT|CT|CT}} Constitutional and term extension referendum
{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" |Name ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! colspan="3" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" |Political party |
| Took office
! Left office ! Time in office |
|---|
| bgcolor="lightgrey"
| colspan="8" | 30px Republic of Egypt 20px |
| style="background:{{party color|Liberation Rally}}; color:white;" | 1
| 90px | Mohamed Naguib | — | 18 June 1953 | 25 February 1954 | {{Age in years and days|1953|6|18|1954|2|25}} |
| style="background:#E6E6AA
! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}}; color:black;" | — | 90px | Revolutionary Command Council | — | 25 February 1954 | 27 February 1954 | {{Age in years and days|1954|2|25|1954|2|27}} | Military |
| style="background:{{party color|Liberation Rally}}; color:white;" | (1)
| 90px | Mohamed Naguib | — | 27 February 1954 | 14 November 1954 | {{Age in years and days|1954|2|27|1954|11|14}} |
| style="background:#E6E6AA
! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}}; color:black;" | — | 90px | Revolutionary Command Council | — | 14 November 1954 | 23 June 1956 | {{Age in years and days|1954|11|14|1956|6|23}} | Military |
| style="background:{{party color|Liberation Rally}}; color:white;" | 2
| rowspan="2" | 90px | rowspan="2" | Gamal Abdel Nasser | rowspan="2" | {{Text|1956{{ref label|P|P|P}}}} | rowspan="2" | 23 June 1956 | rowspan="2" | 22 February 1958 | rowspan="2" | {{Age in years and days|1956|6|23|1958|2|22}} | Liberation Rally |
| style="background:{{party color|National Union (United Arab Republic)}}; color:;" | |
| bgcolor="lightgrey"
| colspan="8" | 30px United Arab Republic 20px |
| style="background:{{party color|National Union (United Arab Republic)}}; color:white;" | (2)
| rowspan="2" | 90px | rowspan="2" | Gamal Abdel Nasser | rowspan="2" | {{Text|1958{{ref label|P|P|P}}}} | rowspan="2" | 22 February 1958 | rowspan="2" | 28 September 1970{{ref label|†|†|†}} | rowspan="2" | {{Age in years and days|1958|2|22|1970|9|28}} | National Union |
| style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)}}; color:;" | |
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)}}; color:white;" | 3
| rowspan="2" | 90px | rowspan="2" | Anwar Sadat | style="background:#E6E6AA" | — | style="background:#E6E6AA" | 28 September 1970 | style="background:#E6E6AA" | 15 October 1970 | style="background:#E6E6AA" | {{Age in years and days|1970|9|28|1970|10|15}} | rowspan="2" | Arab Socialist Union |
| {{Text|1970{{ref label|P|P|P}}}}
| 15 October 1970 | 11 September 1971 | {{Age in years and days|1970|10|15|1971|9|11}} |
| bgcolor="lightgrey"
| colspan="8" | 30px Arab Republic of Egypt 20px |
| style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)}}; color:white;" | (3)
| rowspan="2" | 90px | rowspan="2" | Anwar Sadat | rowspan="2" | {{Text|1976{{ref label|P|P|P}}}} | rowspan="2" | 11 September 1971 | rowspan="2" | 6 October 1981 | rowspan="2" | {{Age in years and days|1971|9|11|1981|10|6}} | Arab Socialist Union |
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Party (Egypt)}}; color:;" | |
| style="background:#E6E6AA"
! style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Party (Egypt)}}; color:white;" | — | 90px | Sufi Abu Taleb | — | 6 October 1981 | 14 October 1981 | {{Age in years and days|1981|10|6|1981|10|14}} |
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Party (Egypt)}}; color:white;" | 4
| 90px | Hosni Mubarak | {{Text|1981{{ref label|P|P|P}}}} | 14 October 1981 | 11 February 2011 | {{Age in years and days|1981|10|14|2011|2|11}} |
| style="background:#E6E6AA
! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}}; color:black;" | — | 90px | Supreme Council of the Armed Forces | — | 11 February 2011 | 30 June 2012 | {{Age in years and days|2011|2|11|2012|6|30}} | Military |
| style="background:{{party color|Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)}}; color:white;" | 5
| 90px | Mohamed Morsi | 2012 | 30 June 2012 | 3 July 2013 | {{Age in years and days|2012|6|30|2013|7|3}} |
| style="background:#E6E6AA"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | — | 90px | Adly Mansour | — | 4 July 2013 | 8 June 2014 | {{Age in years and days|2013|7|4|2014|6|8}} |
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 6
| 90px | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | 2014 | 8 June 2014 | Incumbent | {{Age in years and days|2014|6|8}} | Independent{{efn|Supported by the Nation's Future Party since 2023.}} |
Timeline
{{#tag:timeline|
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id:lr value:rgb(0.80,0.50,0.20) legend:Liberation_Rally
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id:asu value:rgb(0.94,0,0.11) legend:Arab_Socialist_Union
id:ndp value:rgb(0.007,0.341,0.231) legend:National_Democratic_Party
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bar:Naguib
from: 18/06/1953 till: 01/07/1953 color:mil
from: 01/07/1953 till: 25/02/1954 color:lr
from: 27/02/1954 till: 14/11/1954 color:lr text:"Mohamed Naguib"
bar:Nasser
from: 25/02/1954 till: 27/02/1954 color:mil
from: 14/11/1954 till: 23/06/1956 color:mil
from: 23/06/1956 till: 28/05/1957 color:lr
from: 28/05/1957 till: 04/07/1962 color:nu
from: 04/07/1962 till: 28/09/1970 color:asu text:"Gamal Abdel Nasser"
bar:Sadat
from: 28/09/1970 till: 02/10/1978 color:asu
from: 02/10/1978 till: 06/10/1981 color:ndp text:"Anwar Sadat"
bar:Taleb
from: 06/10/1981 till: 14/10/1981 color:ndp text:"Sufi Abu Taleb (acting)"
bar:Mubarak
from: 14/10/1981 till: 11/02/2011 color:ndp text:"Hosni Mubarak"
bar:Tantawy
from: 11/02/2011 till: 30/06/2012 color:mil text:"Muhammad Hussein Tantawy"
bar:Morsi
from: 30/06/2012 till: 03/07/2013 color:fjp text:"Mohamed Morsi"
bar:Mansour
from: 04/07/2013 till: 08/06/2014 color:none text:"Adly Mansour (acting)"
bar:el-Sisi
from: 08/06/2014 till:$today color:none text:"Abdel Fattah el-Sisi"
}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
See also
References
=Citations=
{{Reflist}}
=Sources=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |last1=El-Gawady |first1=Mohamed |title=Cabinets during period of Revolution |date=1986}}
- {{cite book |last1=Hafez |first1=Salah |title=Democracy Shock |date=2001}}
{{refend}}
{{Presidents of Egypt}}
{{Egypt topics}}