List of presidents of Somalia

{{Short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}

{{Politics of Somalia}}

The president of Somalia ({{langx|so|Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya}}) is the head of state of Somalia. There have been 9 official presidents since the office was created in 1960. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The current office holder is Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, having been elected in the 2022 presidential election. He is the first person to have held the office on multiple occasions, having been previously elected in the 2012 presidential election and held the office from 2012–2017.

List

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}}

! rowspan=2| Portrait

! rowspan=2| Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}

! colspan=3| Term of office

! rowspan=2| Political party

! rowspan=2| Election

Took office

! Left office

! Time in office

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan=8| File:Flag of Somalia.svgSomali Republic (1960–1969) • 20px

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 1

| image = Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg

| officeholder = Aden Adde

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1908

| died_year = 2007

| term_start = 1 July 1960

| term_end = 10 June 1967

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1960|07|01|1967|06|10}}

| alt_party = Somali Youth League

| election = 1960

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 2

| image = Abdirashid Ali Shermarke.jpg

| officeholder = Abdirashid Shermarke

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1919

| died_year = 1969

| died = y

| term_start = 10 June 1967

| term_end = 15 October 1969

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1967|06|10|1969|10|15}}

| alt_party = Somali Youth League

| election = 1967

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = –

| image = Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg

| officeholder = Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein

| officeholder_note = {{efn|Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.}}

| born_year = 1912

| died_year = 2012

| term_start = 15 October 1969

| term_end = 21 October 1969

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1969|10|15|1969|10|21}}

| acting = y

| alt_party = Somali Youth League

| election = —

}}

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan=8| File:Flag of Somalia.svgSomali Democratic Republic (1969–1991) • 20px

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 3

| image = Siad Barre.png

| officeholder = Siad Barre{{efn|Also styled as President of Supreme Revolutionary Council}}

| officeholder_note = {{efn|Deposed in the Somali Rebellion.}}

| born_year = 1910

| died_year = 1995

| term_start = 21 October 1969

| term_end = 26 January 1991

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1969|10|21|1991|01|26}}

| alt_party = Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party

| election = 1980{{efn|After the 1979 parliamentary election, the People's Assembly elected Barre President on 26 January 1980.{{Cite web |title=SOMALIA 1979 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/SOMALIA_1979_E.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704221543/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/SOMALIA_1979_E.PDF |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=16 April 2023}}}}
1986

}}

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan=8| File:Flag of Somalia.svgInterim Government of Somalia (1991–1997) • 20px

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 4

| image = Али Махди Мохамед 08 (2020).png

| officeholder = Ali Mahdi Muhammad{{efn|From November 1991 to 1995, Ali Mahdi Muhammad enjoyed recognition as President in the international community following the 1991 Djibouti conference: "at the second Djibouti conference (Aideed boycotted the first) held between 15 and 21 July 1991, Ali Mahdi was elected interim President of Somalia for a period of two years[...] Because of the legitimacy conferred on Ali Mahdi by the Djibouti conference, his government was recognized by several countries, including Djibouti, Egypt, Italy, and Saudi Arabia"; c.f.{{Cite thesis |title=Harbinger of a new world order?: humanitarian intervention in Somalia |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0087460 |publisher=University of British Columbia |date=1994 |first=Szilard Paul |last=Fricska}}}}

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1939

| died_year = 2021

| term_start = 27 January 1991

| term_end = 3 January 1997
{{small|(De facto to 27 August 2000)}}

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1991|01|27|2000|08|27}}

| alt_party = United Somali Congress

| election = 1991

}}

colspan=8| Vacant (3 January 1997–27 August 2000){{efn|In the second half of the 1990s, different faction leaders vied for the Presidency, with none receiving international recognition. General Mohamed Farrah Aidid claimed to be President from 15 June 1995 to his death on 1 August 1996, followed by his son Hussein Farrah Aidid from 2 August 1996 to 20 March 1998.}}
bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan=8| File:Flag of Somalia.svgTransitional National Government of Somalia (2000–2004) • 20px

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 5

| image = Abdiqasimsalad.jpg

| officeholder = Abdiqasim Salad Hassan

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1941

| died_year =

| term_start = 27 August 2000

| term_end = 14 October 2004

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2000|08|27|2004|10|14}}

| alt_party = Independent politician

| election = 2000

}}

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan=8| File:Flag of Somalia.svgTransitional Federal Government of Somalia (2004–2012) • 20px

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 6

| image = Somalian10ef5-1.jpg

| officeholder = Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1934

| died_year = 2012

| term_start = 14 October 2004

| term_end = 29 December 2008
{{small|(Resigned)}}

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2004|10|14|2008|12|29}}

| alt_party = Independent politician

| election = 2004

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = –

| image = Adan.png

| officeholder = Aden Madobe

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1957

| died_year =

| term_start = 29 December 2008

| term_end = 31 January 2009

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2008|12|29|2009|01|31}}

| acting = y

| alt_party = Rahanweyn Resistance Army

| election = —

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 7

| image = Somali President Sheik Sharif visits Balad Town 12 (7703057976) (cropped).jpg

| officeholder = Sharif Sheikh Ahmed

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1964

| died_year =

| term_start = 31 January 2009

| term_end = 20 August 2012

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2009|01|31|2012|08|20}}

| alt_party = Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia

| election = 2009

}}

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan=8| File:Flag of Somalia.svgFederal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) • 20px

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = –

| image = Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg

| officeholder = Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle{{efn|From 20 August 2012 to 28 August 2012, Muse Hassan Abdulle served as acting Speaker of the Parliament, and as such, as acting President while elections for a new Speaker and President were forthcoming. Per Article 95 of the [http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf provisional constitution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=2013-01-24 }}: "If the Office of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia falls vacant, the Speaker of the House of the People of the Federal Parliament shall act as President of the Federal Republic until such time as a new President of the Federal Republic is elected, within a maximum of thirty (30) days."; also c.f.[http://rulers.org/2012-08.html Rulers.org – August 2012], [http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/photo/photoByReportage.cfm?ref=021607&sitelang=en].}}

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1940

| died_year =

| term_start = 20 August 2012

| term_end = 28 August 2012

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2012|08|20|2012|08|28}}

| acting = y

| alt_party = Independent politician

| election = —

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = –

| image = Jawari.png

| officeholder = Mohamed Osman Jawari

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1945

| died_year = 2024

| term_start = 28 August 2012

| term_end = 16 September 2012

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2012|08|28|2012|09|16}}

| acting = y

| alt_party = Independent politician

| election = —

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 8

| image = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud--StateDept Portrait-- (cropped).jpg

| officeholder = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1955

| died_year =

| term_start = 16 September 2012

| term_end = 16 February 2017

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2012|09|16|2017|02|16}}

| alt_party = Peace and Development Party

| election = 2012

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 9

| image = Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo (cropped).jpg

| officeholder = Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1962

| died_year =

| term_start = 16 February 2017

| term_end = 23 May 2022

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2017|02|16|2022|05|23}}

| alt_party = Tayo (political party)

| election = 2017

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order2 = 10

| image = Хасан Шейх Махмуд (15-06-2022) (cropped).jpg

| officeholder = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

| officeholder_note =

| born_year = 1955

| died_year =

| term_start = 23 May 2022

| term_end = Incumbent

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2022|05|23}}

| alt_party = Union for Peace and Development Party

| election = 2022

}}

Timeline

{{#tag:timeline|

ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:21

PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:190 left:20

AlignBars = late

Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}

Colors =

id:independent value:rgb(0.710,0.710,0.710) legend:None_(Independent)

id:military value:rgb(0.76,0.69,0.57) legend:Military

id:soyl value:rgb(0.25,0.54,0.87) legend:SOYL

id:xhks value:rgb(1,0.18,0.18) legend:SRSP

id:usc value:rgb(0.15,0.69,0.31) legend:USC

id:sna value:rgb(0.25,0.65,1) legend:SNA

id:rra value:rgb(0.86,0.08,0.24) legend:RRA

id:ars value:rgb(0,0,0) legend:ARS

id:pdp value:rgb(0,0.71,0.08) legend:PDP

id:tpp value:rgb(0.4,0.67,0.96) legend:Tayo

id:upd value:rgb(0,0.41,0.0039) legend:UPD

id:gray1 value:gray(0.85)

id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy

Period = from:01/01/1960 till:$today

TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1960

ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1960

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:35 columnwidth:170

TextData =

pos:(20,38) textcolor:black fontsize:M

text:"Political party:"

BarData =

bar:Adde

bar:Shermarke

bar:Hussein

bar:Barre

bar:Muhammad

bar:Salad

bar:Ahmed

bar:Madobe

bar:SheikhAhmed

bar:Hassan

bar:Jawari

bar:Mohamud

bar:Farmaajo

PlotData =

width:5 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Adde

from: 01/07/1960 till: 10/06/1967 color:soyl text:"Aden Adde"

bar:Shermarke

from: 10/06/1967 till: 15/10/1969 color:soyl text:"Abdirashid Shermarke"

bar:Hussein

from: 15/10/1969 till: 21/10/1969 color:soyl text:"Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein (acting)"

bar:Barre

from: 21/10/1969 till: 26/06/1976 color:military

from: 26/06/1976 till: 26/01/1991 color:xhks text:"Siad Barre"

bar:Muhammad

from: 27/01/1991 till: 27/08/2000 color:usc text:"Ali Mahdi Muhammad"

bar:Salad

from: 27/08/2000 till: 14/10/2004 color:independent text:"Abdiqasim Salad"

bar:Ahmed

from: 14/10/2004 till: 29/12/2008 color:independent text:"Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed"

bar:Madobe

from: 29/12/2008 till: 31/01/2009 color:rra text:"Aden Madobe (acting)"

bar:SheikhAhmed

from: 31/01/2009 till: 20/08/2012 color:ars text:"Sharif Sheikh Ahmed"

bar:Hassan

from: 20/08/2012 till: 28/08/2012 color:independent text:"Muse Sayyid Hassan (acting)"

bar:Jawari

from: 28/08/2012 till: 16/09/2012 color:independent text:"Mohamed Osman Jawari (acting)"

bar:Mohamud

from: 16/09/2012 till: 16/02/2017 color:pdp

from: 15/05/2022 till: $today color:upd text:"Hassan Sheikh Mohamud"

bar:Farmaajo

from: 16/02/2017 till: 15/05/2022 color:tpp text:"Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed"

}}

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}