List of reptiles of Europe

This is a list of reptiles of Europe. It includes all reptiles currently found in Europe. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this, nor (with few exceptions) does it currently include species introduced in recent decades. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited.

Also this list is incomplete.

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

:{{IUCN status|EX}} - extinct, {{IUCN status|EW}} - extinct in the wild

:{{IUCN status|CR}} - critically endangered, {{IUCN status|EN}} - endangered, {{IUCN status|VU}} - vulnerable

:{{IUCN status|NT}} - near threatened, {{IUCN status|LC}} - least concern

:{{IUCN status|DD}} - data deficient, {{IUCN status|NE}} - not evaluated

:(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014)

[[Turtle]]s

Family: Testudinidae (tortoises)

:Subfamily: Testudininae

::*Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni {{IUCN status|NT|21648}} (ssp. hermanni: {{IUCN status|EN|21650}}) (Southern Europe)

::*Spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca {{IUCN status|VU|21646}} (ssp. nikolskii: {{IUCN status|CR|21654}}) (Southern Europe)

::*Marginated tortoise, Testudo marginata {{IUCN status|LC|21653}} (Southern Europe)

::*Horsfield's tortoise, Testudo horsfieldi {{IUCN status|VU|21651}} (Russia)

Family: Emydidae (pond turtles)

:Subfamily: Emydinae

::*European pond terrapin, Emys orbicularis {{IUCN status|LR/nt|7717}}

::*Sicilian pond turtle, Emys trinacris {{IUCN status|DD|158469}} (Sicily)

:Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

::*Red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta {{IUCN status|LC|22028}} (non-native)

::*Painted turtle, Chrysemys picta {{IUCN status|LC|163467}} (introduced to Spain and Germany)

Family: Geoemydidae

:Subfamily: Geoemydinae

::*Spanish pond turtle, Mauremys leprosa (Spain, Portugal, France)

::*Balkan pond turtle, Mauremys rivulata (south-eastern Europe, Turkey)

::*Caspian turtle, Mauremys caspica (Southern Europe)

Family: Cheloniidae

:Subfamily: Carettinae

::*Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta {{IUCN status|EN|3897}} (Southern Europe)

::*Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii {{IUCN status|CR|11533}}

:Subfamily: Cheloniinae

::*Green turtle, Chelonia mydas {{IUCN status|EN|4615}} (Southern Europe)

::*Hawksbill sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata {{IUCN status|CR|8005}} (in Europe Great Britain, Portugal)

Family: Dermochelyidae

::*Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea {{IUCN status|VU|6494}} (Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: {{IUCN status|LC|46967827}})

Family: Trionychidae (softshells)

:Subfamily: Trionychinae

::*Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis (Mediterranean subpopulation: {{IUCN status|CR|22200}}) (Greece)

[[Squamata|Amphisbaenia, lizards and snakes]]

=[[Amphisbaenia]]ns=

Family: Blanidae (Mediterranean worm lizards)

::*Iberian worm lizard, Blanus cinereus {{IUCN status|LC|61469}} (Iberia) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and|Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.}}

:::*Vandelli's worm lizard, Blanus vandellii (Iberia)

::*Anatolian worm lizard, Blanus strauchi {{IUCN status|LC|157272}} (Aegean islands, southern Anatolia and Syria)

::*Blanus mariae (Portugal)

Family: Trogonophidae (Palearctic worm lizards)

=[[Lizard]]s=

Family: Agamidae (agamas)

:Subfamily: Agaminae

::*Stellion, Laudakia stellio (Greek islands) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Cyprus rock agama, Laudakia cypriaca (Cyprus)

::*Caucasian agama, Paralaudakia caucasia (Ukraine and Russia)

::*Steppe agama, Trapelus sanguinolentus (Russia, Kazakhstan)

::*Spotted toadhead agama, Phrynocephalus guttatus {{IUCN status|LC|157278}} (Russia, Kazakhstan)

::*European toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus helioscopus {{IUCN status|LC|157259}} (Ukraine and Russia)

::*Secret toadhead agama, Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Russia, Kazakhstan)

::*Psammophilus dorsalis {{IUCN status|LC|170420}} (Germany - introduced)

Family: Chamaeleonidae (chameleons)

::*Mediterranean chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon {{IUCN status|LC|157246}} (southern Europe)

::*African chameleon, Chamaeleo africanus (Greece)

Family: Dactyloidae (anoles and related species)

::*Green anole, Anolis carolinensis {{IUCN status|LC|64188}} (Spain - introduced)

Family: Gekkonidae

::*Caspian straight-fingered gecko, Alsophylax pipiens {{IUCN status|LC|157257}} (Russia)

::*Caspian naked-fingered gecko, Tenuidactylus caspius {{IUCN status|LC|157255}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Kotschy's naked-toed gecko, Mediodactylus kotschyi {{IUCN status|LC|157281}} (southern Europe) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Barton's thin-toed gecko, Mediodactylus (kotschyi) bartoni (Crete island in Greece)

:::*Mediterranean thin-toed gecko, Mediodactylus (kotschyi) danilewskii (south-eastern Europe)

:::*Mediterranean thin-toed gecko, Mediodactylus (kotschyi) oertzeni (Dodecanese islands in Greece)

::*Caucasian gecko, Mediodactylus russowii {{IUCN status|LC|164589}} (in Europe southern Russia, extirpated)

::*Mediterranean house gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus {{IUCN status|LC|157261}} (southern Europe)

Family: Phyllodactylidae

::*Gomero wall gecko, Tarentola gomerensis {{IUCN status|LC|61577}} (Spain)

::*Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica {{IUCN status|LC|61578}} (southern Europe)

Family: Sphaerodactylidae

::*European leaf-toed gecko, Euleptes europaea {{IUCN status|NT|61446}} (France, Italy, Tunisia, Mediterranean islands)

Family: Lacertidae (wall or true lizards)

:Subfamily: Gallotiinae

::*Large psammodromus, Psammodromus algirus {{IUCN status|LC|61558}} (Conigli islet near Lampedusa island)

::*Psammodromus jeanneae {{IUCN status|LC|157280}} (Spain, France)

::*Psammodromus manuelae {{IUCN status|LC|157254}} (Spain, Portugal)

::*Spanish psammodromus, Psammodromus hispanicus {{IUCN status|LC|61560}} (Spain and France) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*East Iberian psammodromus, Psammodromus (hispanicus) edwardsianus (Spain and France)

::*Psammodromus occidentalis (Spain)

:Subfamily: Lacertinae

::Tribe: Eremiadini

::*Red-tailed spiny-footed lizard, Acanthodactylus erythrurus {{IUCN status|LC|61456}} (Africa and Southern Europe)

::*Steppe-runner, Eremias arguta (south-eastern Europe and Russia)

::*Rapid racerunner, Eremias velox (southern Russia)

::*Snake-eyed lizard, Ophisops elegans (Mediterranean and Central Asia)

::*Acanthodactylus schreiberi {{IUCN status|EN|61462}} (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

::Tribe: Lacertini

::*Blue-throated keeled lizard, Algyroides nigropunctatus {{IUCN status|LC|61466}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*Greek algyroides, Algyroides moreoticus {{IUCN status|NT|61465}} (Greek islands)

::*Fitzinger's algyroides, Algyroides fitzingeri {{IUCN status|LC|61464}} (Corsica, Sardinia)

::*Spanish algyroides, Algyroides marchi {{IUCN status|EN|840}} (Spain)

::*Iberian emerald lizard, Lacerta schreiberi {{IUCN status|NT|11113}} (Iberian Peninsula)

::*Balkan green lizard, Lacerta trilineata {{IUCN status|LC|61529}} (south-eastern Europe) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Rhodos green lizard, Lacerta (trilineata) diplochondrodes (Rhodos island in Greece)

:::*Tinos green lizard, Lacerta (trilineata) citrovittata (Tinos island in Greece)

::*European green lizard, Lacerta viridis {{IUCN status|LC|61530}}

::*Western green lacerta, Lacerta bilineata {{IUCN status|LC|61519}}

::*Sand lizard, Lacerta agilis {{IUCN status|LC|157288}}

::*Mosor rock lizard, Lacerta mosorensis {{IUCN status|VU|61526}} (Balkans)

::*Greek rock lizard, Lacerta graeca {{IUCN status|NT|61523}} (Greece)

::*Caucasus emerald lizard, Lacerta strigata {{IUCN status|LC|157287}} (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Medium lizard, Lacerta media {{IUCN status|LC|164749}} (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Viviparous lizard, Zootoca vivipara {{IUCN status|LC|61741}} (ssp pannonica: {{IUCN status|VU|61742}}) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Zootoca carniolica (Slovenia, Italy, Austria, Croatia)

::*Bedriaga's rock lizard, Archaeolacerta bedriagae {{IUCN status|NT|61468}} (Corsica, Sardinia)

::*Iberian rock lizard, Iberolacerta monticola {{IUCN status|VU|61448}} (Iberian Peninsula)

::*Pyrenean rock lizard, Iberolacerta bonnali {{IUCN status|NT|61447}} (France, Spain)

::*Aran rock lizard, Iberolacerta aranica {{IUCN status|EN|61512}} (France, Spain)

::*Aurelio's rock lizard, Iberolacerta aurelioi {{IUCN status|EN|61513}} (Andorra, France, Spain)

::*Horvath's rock lizard, Iberolacerta horvathi {{IUCN status|NT|61515}} (central and southern Europe)

::*Iberolacerta cyreni {{IUCN status|EN|61514}} (Spain)

::*Iberolacerta galani {{IUCN status|NT|157271}} (Spain)

::*Iberolacerta martinezricai {{IUCN status|CR|61516}} (Spain)

::*Prokletije rock lizard, Dinarolacerta montenegrina {{IUCN status|LC|196001}} (Montenegro)

::*Anatolian rock lizard, Anatololacerta anatolica {{IUCN status|LC|61517}} (formerly in Anatololacerta danfordi, Greece, Turkey)

::*Anatololacerta oertzeni {{IUCN status|LC|61527}} (Greece, Turkey) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Anatololacerta pelasgiana (Greece, Turkey)

:::*Anatololacerta finikensis (Turkey, Greece)

::*Darevskia praticola {{IUCN status|NT|157245}} (Balkans, Russia, Georgia) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Meadow lizard, Darevskia (praticola) pontica (Romania, Balkans, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Darevskia saxicola {{IUCN status|LC|164617}} (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Darevskia caucasica {{IUCN status|LC|164713}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Darevskia rudis {{IUCN status|LC|164633}} (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Armenian rock lizard, Darevskia armeniaca {{IUCN status|LC|164706}} (Ukraine - introduced, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Darevskia lindholmi (Ukraine)

::*Darevskia dahli {{IUCN status|NT|164720}} (Ukraine, Georgia)

::*Darevskia derjugini {{IUCN status|NT|164576}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Darevskia alpina {{IUCN status|VU|11120}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Brauner's rock lizard, Darevskia brauneri {{IUCN status|LC|164650}} (Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Szczerbak's lizard, Darevskia (brauneri) szczerbaki (Russia)

::*Dagestan lizard, Darevskia daghestanica {{IUCN status|LC|164587}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis {{IUCN status|LC|61550}}

::*Iberian wall lizard, Podarcis hispanicus {{IUCN status|LC|61548}} (Iberian Peninsula, France, northwestern Africa) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Columbretes wall lizard, Podarcis liolepis (Iberian Peninsula, France)

:::*Podarcis galerai (Spain)

::*Carbonell's wall lizard, Podarcis carbonelli {{IUCN status|EN|61545}} (Iberian Peninsula)

::*Bocage's wall lizard, Podarcis bocagei {{IUCN status|LC|61544}} (Spain, France)

::*Lilford's wall lizard, Podarcis lilfordi {{IUCN status|EN|17795}} (Spain)

::*Ibiza wall lizard, Podarcis pityusensis {{IUCN status|NT|17800}} (Spain)

::*Tyrrhenian wall lizard, Podarcis tiliguerta {{IUCN status|LC|157293}} (Sardinia, Corsica)

::*Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus {{IUCN status|LC|61553}} (Italy and south-eastern Europe, introduced to Spain) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Pontian wall lizard, Podarcis latastei (Italy)

::*Sicilian wall lizard, Podarcis waglerianus {{IUCN status|LC|61557}} (Italy)

::*Aeolian wall lizard, Podarcis raffonei {{IUCN status|CR|61552}} (Italy)

::*Maltese wall lizard, Podarcis filfolensis {{IUCN status|LC|17793}} (Malta)

::*Sharp-snouted rock lizard, Podarcis oxycephala {{IUCN status|LC|61528}} (Balkans)

::*Dalmatian wall lizard, Podarcis melisellensis {{IUCN status|LC|61549}} (Balkans)

::*Balkan wall lizard, Podarcis tauricus {{IUCN status|LC|61554}} (south-eastern Europe and Russia) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Skyros wall lizard, Podarcis gaigeae {{IUCN status|VU|61547}}

:::*Ionian wall lizard, Podarcis ionicus (Greece)

::*Erhard's wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii {{IUCN status|LC|61546}} (south-eastern Europe) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Podarcis cretensis {{IUCN status|EN|157252}} (Greece)

::*Peloponnese wall lizard, Podarcis peloponnesiacus {{IUCN status|LC|61551}} (Peloponnese)

::*Milos wall lizard, Podarcis milensis {{IUCN status|VU|17797}} (Greece)

::*Podarcis vaucheri {{IUCN status|LC|61556}} (Spain, Portugal)

::*Podarcis guadarramae (Spain, Portugal)

::*Podarcis virescens (Spain, Portugal)

::*Podarcis levendis {{IUCN status|VU|157290}} (Greece)

::*Moroccan rock lizard, Scelarcis perspicillata {{IUCN status|LC|61581}} (Menorca - Spain, introduced)

::*Phoenicolacerta troodica {{IUCN status|LC|157276}} (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

::*Ocellated lizard, Timon lepidus {{IUCN status|NT|61583}} (south-western Europe) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Sierra Nevada lizard, Timon nevadensis (Spain)

Family: Scincidae (skinks)

:Subfamily: Scincinae

::*European snake-eyed skink, Ablepharus kitaibelii {{IUCN status|LC|29691}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*Budak's snake-eyed skink, Ablepharus budaki{{IUCN status|LC|61450}} (Greece - Cyprus, Turkey)

::*Ocellated skink, Chalcides ocellatus (Greece, Sicily and Sardinia)

::*Bedriaga's skink, Chalcides bedriagai {{IUCN status|NT|61472}} (Iberian Peninsula)

::*Western three-toed skink, Chalcides striatus {{IUCN status|LC|61489}} (France, Italy, Iberian Peninsula)

::*Italian three-toed skink, Chalcides chalcides {{IUCN status|LC|61473}} (France, Italy)

::*Limbless skink, Ophiomorus punctatissimus {{IUCN status|LC|61540}} (Greece, Turkey)

::*Schneider's skink, Eumeces schneiderii (Russia, Turkey)

:Subfamily: Lygosomatinae / Family: Mabuyidae

::*Bridled mabuya, Trachylepis vittata {{IUCN status|LC|61586}} (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

::*Levant skink, Heremites auratus {{IUCN status|LC|157291}} (few islands in Greece, Turkey)

::*Santo Antão skink, Chioninia fogoensis {{IUCN status|LC|13152448/13152466}} (Madeira - Introduced)

Family: Anguidae

:Subfamily: Anguinae

::*Common slowworm, Anguis fragilis

::*Peloponnese slowworm, Anguis cephalonnica {{IUCN status|NT|61467}} (Greece)

::*Italian slowworm, Anguis veronensis (Italy, south-eastern France)

::*Eastern slowworm, Anguis colchica

::*Greek slowworm, Anguis graeca

::*European glass lizard, Ophisaurus apodus (south-eastern Europe)

=[[Snake]]s=

Family: Typhlopidae (blind snakes)

::*Worm snake, Xerotyphlops vermicularis (south-eastern Europe)

Family: Boidae (boas)

:Subfamily: Erycinae/Erycidae

::*Sand boa, Eryx jaculus (south-eastern Europe)

::*Dwarf sand boa, Eryx miliaris (in Europe southern Russia)

Family: Colubridae (colubrids)

:Subfamily: Colubrinae

::*Western whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus {{IUCN status|LC|61449}} (south-western Europe, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia)

::*Caspian whipsnake, Dolichophis caspius (south-eastern Europe, Turkey)

::*Large whip snake, Dolichophis jugularis {{IUCN status|LC|157294}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*Red-bellied racer, Dolichophis schmidti {{IUCN status|LC|164595}} (Russia, Turkey, Georgia)

::*Horseshoe whip snake, Hemorrhois hippocrepis {{IUCN status|LC|61509}} (Italy, Iberian Peninsula)

::*Spotted whip snake, Hemorrhois ravergieri (Greece, Turkey, Georgia)

::*Algerian whip snake, Hemorrhois algirus {{IUCN status|LC|183197}} (Malta)

::*Coin snake, Hemorrhois nummifer (has been mentioned from European Turkey but actual presence in Europe remains unconfirmed and demands substantiation)

::*Red whip snake, Platyceps collaris {{IUCN status|LC|61543}} (Bulgaria, Turkey)

::*Dahl's whip snake, Platyceps najadum {{IUCN status|LC|157277}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*Balkan whip snake, Hierophis gemonensis {{IUCN status|LC|61510}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*Cyprus whip snake, Hierophis cypriensis {{IUCN status|EN|61443}} (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

::*Asia Minor dwarf racer, Eirenis modestus {{IUCN status|LC|157292}} (Greece, Russia, Turkey, Georgia)

::*Collared dwarf racer, Eirenis collaris {{IUCN status|LC|164639}} (Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia)

::*Four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata {{IUCN status|NT|157264}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*Blotched snake, Elaphe sauromates (eastern and south-eastern Europe) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Urartian rat snake, Elaphe urartica (eastern Europe)

::*Steppes ratsnake, Elaphe dione (Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan)

::*Beauty snake, Elaphe taeniura {{IUCN status|VU|192204/2055202}} (Introduced to Belgium and Netherlands)

::*Slender racer, Orientocoluber spinalis (southern Russia)

::*Ladder snake, Zamenis scalaris {{IUCN status|LC|61565}} (Iberian Peninsula, France)

::*Transcaucasian rat snake, Zamenis hohenackeri {{IUCN status|LC|157251}} (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Leopard snake, Zamenis situla {{IUCN status|LC|61444}} (southern Europe)

::*Aesculapian snake, Zamenis longissimus {{IUCN status|LC|157266}}

::*Italian Aesculapian snake, Zamenis lineatus {{IUCN status|DD|61595}} (Italy)

::*Smooth snake, Coronella austriaca

::*Southern smooth snake, Coronella girondica {{IUCN status|LC|61491}} (Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy)

::*European cat snake, Telescopus fallax {{IUCN status|LC|157258}} (south-eastern Europe)

::*False smooth snake, Macroprotodon brevis {{IUCN status|NT|61532}} (Iberian peninsula)

::*False smooth snake, Macroprotodon cucullatus {{IUCN status|LC|61533}} (Iberian peninsula) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Macroprotodon mauritanicus (Mallorca and Menorca, introduced)

Subfamily: Natricinde/Natricinae

::*Viperine water snake, Natrix maura {{IUCN status|LC|61538}}

::*Grass snake, Natrix natrix {{IUCN status|LR/lc|14368}} (ssp. cetti: {{IUCN status|CR|14369}}, schweizeri: {{IUCN status|CR|14369}}) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Iberian grass snake, Natrix astreptophora (Iberian Peninsula, France)

:::*Barred grass snake, Natrix helvetica (western and southern Europe)

::*Dice snake, Natrix tessellata {{IUCN status|LC|157256}}

::*Large-headed water snake, Natrix megalocephala {{IUCN status|VU|14367}} (Russia, Turkey, Georgia)

Family: Lamprophiidae

:Subfamily: Psammophiinae

::*Montpellier snake, Malpolon monspessulanus {{IUCN status|LC|157262}} (southwestern Europe)

::*Eastern Montpellier snake, Malpolon insignitus (southeastern Europe)

Family: Viperidae

:Subfamily: Viperinae

::*Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina {{IUCN status|LC|61594}} (Greece)

::*Caucasus viper, Vipera kaznakovi {{IUCN status|EN|22990}} (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)

::*Orsini's viper, meadow viper, Vipera ursinii {{IUCN status|VU|22997}} (ssp. moldavica: {{IUCN status|CR|23004}}, ssp. rakosiensis: {{IUCN status|EN|23003}}) (south-eastern France, central Italy, west Balkans, northern Greece, Hungary, Romania) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Greek meadow viper, Vipera (ursinii) graeca (Albania, Greece)

::*European adder, Vipera berus {{IUCN status|LC|157248}} and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Vipera walser (Italy)

::*Seoane's viper, Vipera seoanei {{IUCN status|LC|61594}} (Iberia)

::*Asp viper, Vipera aspis {{IUCN status|LC|61591}} (south-western Europe, Italy and Switzerland)

::*Lataste's viper, Vipera latastei {{IUCN status|VU|61592}} (Iberia)

::*Nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes {{IUCN status|LC|62255}} (south-eastern Europe, Hungary and Austria)

::*Nikolsky's adder, Vipera nikolskii (Ukraine)

::*Meadow viper, Vipera renardi (Russia)

::*Magnificent viper, Vipera magnifica {{IUCN status|EN|164734}} (Russia)

::*Orlov's viper, Vipera orlovi {{IUCN status|CR|164756}} (Russia)

::*Lotiev's viper, Vipera lotievi {{IUCN status|NT|164736}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Caucasus subalpine viper, Vipera dinniki {{IUCN status|VU|23001}} (Russia, Georgia)

::*Milos viper, Macrovipera schweizeri {{IUCN status|EN|12654}} (Islands of Milos, Kimolos, Polyaigos, Sifnos)

::*Blunt-nosed viper, Macrovipera lebetina (southern Russia, Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

:Subfamily: Crotalinae

::*Halys pit viper, Gloydius halys (Russia, Kazakhstan) and:{{refn|group=n|name=and}}

:::*Karaganda pit viper, Gloydius caraganus (Kazakhstan, Russia)

Notes

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web

|url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/

|title = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

|publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

|access-date = 21 June 2012

}}

{{cite web |url = https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/ |title = The Reptile Database |editor=Uetz, P. |editor2=Freed, P. |editor3=Hošek, J. |year = 2017 |publisher = Zoological Museum Hamburg |access-date = 4 October 2017 }}

{{cite web |url = https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/ |title = The Reptile Database |editor=Uetz, P. |editor2=Freed, P. |editor3=Hošek, J. | year = 2020 |publisher = Zoological Museum Hamburg |access-date = 22 July 2020 }}

{{cite web |url = https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/ |title = The Reptile Database |editor=Uetz, P. |editor2=Freed, P. |editor3=Aguilar, R. |editor4=Reyes, F. |editor5=Hošek, J. | year = 2023 |publisher = Zoological Museum Hamburg |access-date = 14 February 2023 }}

Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Philippe Geniez, Sherif Baha El Din, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano. 2009. Macroprotodon cucullatus (errata version published in 2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T61533A204862390. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-1.RLTS.T61533A204862390.en. Accessed on 14 February 2023.

}}

External links

[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/ The Reptile Database]
Snakes of Europe, a wikibook

Europe