List of researchers in underwater diving

{{Short description|People who made discoveries or inventions in the science or technology of underwater diving}}

This is a listing of researchers who have made discoveries or inventions relating to the science and technology of underwater diving.

Divers who have become notable due to their exploits are not listed here, unless they have published research findings or invented an important item of diving related equipment. For these, see Outline of underwater divers.

Researchers and inventors of diving technology

  • {{annotated link|Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont}}
  • {{annotated link|William Beebe}}
  • {{annotated link|Georges Beuchat}} (1910-1992)
  • {{annotated link|Joseph-Martin Cabirol}} (1799-1874)
  • {{annotated link|Alphonse and Théodore Carmagnolle}} Atmospheric diving suit.
  • {{annotated link|John R. Clarke (scientist)|John R. Clarke}} (1945- )
  • {{annotated link|Jacques Cousteau|Jacques-Yves Cousteau}} Co-inventor of the twin hose open circuit demand scuba regulator (AquaLung)
  • {{annotated link|Robert Davis (inventor)}} (1870–1965)
  • {{annotated link|Charles Anthony Deane}} (1796-1848)
  • {{annotated link|John Deane (inventor)}} (1800-1884)
  • {{annotated link|Louis de Corlieu}} (1888-1967?)
  • {{annotated link|Auguste Denayrouze}} (1837-1883)
  • {{annotated link|Ted Eldred}} (1920-2005)
  • {{annotated link|Luigi Ferraro}} (1914-2006)
  • {{annotated link|Henry Fleuss}} (1851-1933) Early working rebreather
  • {{annotated link|Émile Gagnan}} (1900-1979)
  • {{annotated link|Graham Hawkes}} (1947- )
  • {{annotated link|Stig Insulan}} Dry suit buoyancy controls
  • {{annotated link|Peter Kreeft}} Early diving suit
  • {{annotated link|Christian J. Lambertsen}} (1917-2011) Early oxygen rebreather (SCUBA)
  • {{annotated link|Yves Le Prieur}} (1885-1963)
  • {{annotated link|John Lethbridge}} (1675-1759) Diving suit
  • {{annotated link|William Hogarth Main}} "Hogarthian" rig
  • {{annotated link|Ernest William Moir}} (1862-1933)
  • {{annotated link|Phil Nuytten}} (1941-2023)
  • {{annotated link|Joseph Salim Peress}} (1896-1978) Atmospheric diving suits
  • {{annotated link|Auguste Piccard}} (1884-1962)
  • {{annotated link|Benoît Rouquayrol}}
  • {{annotated link|Joe Savoie}} - Invented the neck dam for diving helmets (1926-1996)
  • {{annotated link|Willard Franklyn Searle}} (1924-2009) Buoyancy compensator developments
  • {{annotated link|Gordon Smith (inventor)}} (1950-2006)
  • {{annotated link|Augustus Siebe}} (1788-1872)
  • {{annotated link|Teseo Tesei}} (1909-1941)
  • {{annotated link|Jacques Triger}} (1801-1867)

Researchers in diving medicine and physiology, including decompression theory

{{expand section|Researchers not listed here, each with at least one reliable reference.|small=no|date=October 2022}}

=B=

  • {{annotated link|Arthur J. Bachrach}}
  • {{annotated link|Costantino Balestra}} – Italian decompression researcher.
  • {{annotated link|R. Ball}}
  • {{annotated link|E. E. P. Barnard}}
  • {{annotated link|Bruce Edward Bassett}} (6 Jul 1935 – 4 May 2002) – USAF decompression researcher
  • {{annotated link|A. Baz}}
  • {{annotated link|Albert R. Behnke}} (1903-1992)
  • {{annotated link|Peter B. Bennett}} (12 June 1931 – 9 August 2022)
  • {{annotated link|Thomas E. Berghage}}
  • {{annotated link|Paul Bert}} (1833-1886)
  • {{annotated link|Jef Biard}}
  • {{annotated link|Jean-Eric Blatteau}} –
  • {{annotated link|George F. Bond}} (1915-1983)
  • {{annotated link|M. Bontoux}}
  • {{annotated link|Jolie Bookspan}} – Decompression research.
  • {{annotated link|Arthur Boycott|Arthur Edwin Boycott}}
  • {{annotated link|Robert Boyle}} Relation between pressure and volume in a gas, and the effects of low ambient pressure on animals.
  • {{annotated link|Alf O. Brubakk}} (24 January 1941 – 5 April 2022)Lang M. Crossings (Obituary) Dr. Alf O. Brubakk. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2022 Third-Quarter;49(3):393-394. PMID 36001573.
  • {{annotated link|Eugène Bucquoy |Bucquoy, Eugène}}, (1837-1904), Hypothesis that blood gases form bubbles during decompression.{{cite web |url=http://renaud.helstroffer.free.fr/sub_technique/fiche_initiation/mn90.pdf |title=Table Marine National 90 (MN90): Version du 03/05/1999 |last1=Trucco |first1=Jean-Noël |first2=Jef |last2=Biard |first3=Jean-Yves |last3=Redureau |first4=Yvon |last4=Fauvel |date=3 May 1999 |work=Comité interrégional Bretagne & Pays de la Loire; Commission Technique Régionale. |publisher=F.F.E.S.S.M. |language=fr |access-date=23 January 2017 |archive-date=3 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203192623/http://renaud.helstroffer.free.fr/sub_technique/fiche_initiation/mn90.pdf |url-status=live }}

=C=

  • {{annotated link|J. Conkin}}
  • {{annotated link|M. D. Curley}}

=D=

  • {{annotated link|Guybon Chesney Castell Damant}}
  • {{annotated link|B. G. D'Aoust}} – US Navy decompression researcher.
  • {{annotated link|Jefferson C. Davis (decompression researcher)}}
  • {{annotated link|Petar J. DeNoble}} – American decompression researcher.
  • {{annotated link|Kenneth William Donald}} (1911–1994)
  • {{annotated link|David J. Doolette}} – American decompression researcher.
  • {{annotated link|Joel A. Dovenbarger}} – Decompression research.
  • {{annotated link|R. G. Dunford}} – Isobaric counterdiffusion.

=E=

  • {{annotated link|Carl Edmonds}} – Author of diving medicine textbooks
  • {{annotated link|David Hallen Elliott}}

=F=

  • {{annotated link|Yvon Fauvel}}
  • {{annotated link|William Paul Fife}} (1917-2008)
  • {{annotated link|Edward T Flynn}}
  • {{annotated link|M. Frankenhaeuser}} Narcotic effects of oxygen at pressure.
  • {{annotated link|Valerie Flook}} – Saturation decompression and excursions from storage depth.{{cite report |last=Flook |first=Valerie |title=Excursion tables in saturation diving – decompression implications of current UK practice |work=Research report 244 |url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr244.pdf |access-date=27 November 2013 |year=2004 |publisher=Prepared by Unimed Scientific Limited for the Health and Safety Executive |location=Aberdeen United Kingdom |isbn=0-7176-2869-8 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225652/http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr244.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Valerie-Flook-2005616858 |title=Valerie Flook’s research while affiliated with CPL Scientific Limited and other places |website=www.researchgate.net |access-date=4 September 2024 }}

=G=

  • {{annotated link|Emmanuel Gempp}}
  • {{annotated link|Peter Germonpre}}
  • {{annotated link|Wayne A. Gerth}} (c2007) – American decompression researcher.
  • {{annotated link|Frederick Campbell Golding}} (4 June 1901 – 17 July 1984)
  • {{annotated link|Saul Goldman}} – Decompression researcher.

  • {{annotated link|Desmond F. Gorman}} (1988)
  • {{annotated link|D. J. Graves}}

=H=

  • {{annotated link|John Scott Haldane}}, Haldane's decompression model
  • {{annotated link|Robert William Hamilton Jr.}} (1930-2011)
  • {{annotated link|R. A. Hansen}}
  • {{annotated link|J. A. Hawkins}}
  • {{annotated link|Henry Valence Hempleman}} (1922-2006)
  • {{annotated link|Tom R. Hennessy}} (c1988) – British decompression researcher, combined perfusion/diffusion model of the BSAC'88 tables.
  • {{annotated link|Leonard Hill (physiologist)|Leonard Erskine Hill}} (1866-1952)
  • {{annotated link|Brian Andrew Hills}} (1934-2006), Thermodynamic model of decompression
  • {{annotated link|J. Himm}}
  • {{annotated link|D. C. Hoffman}}
  • {{annotated link|J. How}}
  • {{annotated link|Louis D. Homer}}
  • {{annotated link|Felix Hoppe-Seyler|Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler}}
  • {{annotated link|Karl E. Huggins}} – early dive computers (Orca Edge etc)
  • {{annotated link|J. Hugon}}

=I=

  • {{annotated link|J. Idicula}}
  • {{annotated link|Jean-Pierre Imbert}} – French decompression researcher.

=K=

=L=

  • {{annotated link|Christian J. Lambertsen}} (1917-2011)
  • {{annotated link|Michael A. Lang}} – Environmental physiologist
  • {{annotated link|Edward H. Lanphier}} – American decompression researcher.
  • {{annotated link|G. Lauchner}} Development of the DCIEM 1983 Decompression Model for Compressed Air Diving
  • {{annotated link|David Hugh LeMessurier}}, Australian decompression researcher.

  • {{annotated link|Gareth Lock}} Diving safety, human factors in diving.{{cn|date=August 2024}} (see Rebreather Forum 4, Human Factors in Diving conference 2021,)

=M=

  • {{annotated link|Alessandro Marroni}} – Hyperbaric medicine.
  • {{ill|Alfred Le Roy de Méricourt|fr}} (13 October 1825 – 12 August 1901)
  • {{annotated link|Simon Mitchell|Simon J. Mitchell}} (b1958)
  • {{annotated link|Charles Momsen}}
  • {{annotated link|Richard E. Moon}} – Hyperbaric medicine.

=N=

  • {{annotated link|T. S. Neuman}} – Diving medicine and physiology.
  • {{annotated link|Ronald Y. Nishi}} - Canadian decompression researcher

=O=

  • {{annotated link|Timothy R. O'Leary}} – RGBM decompression algorithm.

=P=

  • {{annotated link|Virginie Papadopolou}} – Decompression researcher
  • {{annotated link|D. Paris}}
  • {{annotated link|E. C. Parker}}
  • {{annotated link|W. D. M. Paton}}

  • {{annotated link|A. A. Pilmanis}} - Decompression researcher
  • {{annotated link|B. Pol}}
  • {{annotated link|Neal W. Pollock}} (1962 - )

===Q===

  • {{annotated link|J. A. Quinn}} (c1973)

=R=

  • {{annotated link|John Rawlins (Royal Navy officer)|John Rawlins}} (1922-2011)
  • {{annotated link|Jean-Yves Redureau}}

=S=

  • {{annotated link|V. Schrotter}} (c1906)
  • {{annotated link|A. Seireg}}
  • {{annotated link|Paul J. Sheffield}}
  • {{annotated link|Charles Wesley Shilling}} (1901-1994)
  • {{annotated link|Andrew Smith (physiologist)}} (fl.1873)
  • {{annotated link|Merrill P. Spencer}}
  • {{annotated link|George D. Stillson}}
  • {{annotated link|Roy A. Stubbs}} (c1984) Canadian decompression researcher, Kidd-Stubbs decompressin model, DCIEM decompression tables
  • {{annotated link|S. S. Survanshi}}
  • {{annotated link|H. Swanson}}

===T===

  • {{annotated link|Edward D. Thalmann}} (1945-2004), Thalmann algorithm
  • {{annotated link|P. Tikuisis}} – Decompression researcher
  • {{annotated link|Jean-Noël Trucco}} – Decompression researcher, Table Marine National 90 (MN90).

=U=

  • {{annotated link|Donna M. Uguccioni}} (c1984) Diabetes and diving.

=V=

  • {{annotated link|Hugh D. Van Liew}} – Oxygen window
  • {{annotated link|Richard D. Vann}} –
  • {{annotated link|James Vorosmarti Jr}}

=W=

  • {{annotated link|Dennis N. Walder}}
  • {{annotated link|T. J. Watelle}} – Early decompression research.
  • {{annotated link|Paul K. Weathersby}}
  • {{annotated link|James T. Webb}}
  • {{annotated link|R. S. Weaver}}
  • {{annotated link|D. West}}

  • {{annotated link|Bruce Wienke}} – American decompression researcher, Reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM)
  • {{annotated link|Robert D. Workman (physiologist)}} – American decompression researcher. Concept of M-values, US Navy (1965?) decompression tables.

=Y=

  • {{annotated link|O. D. Yarborough}} (c1937) – US Navy decompression researcher. 1937 US Navy tables, Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen.Yarbrough OD, Behnke AR. The treatment of compressed air illness using oxygen. The Journal of Industrial Hygrography and Toxicology 1939;21:213‐8.
  • {{annotated link|Donald E. Yount}} – American decompression researcher. Varying Permeability Model

=Z=

  • {{annotated link|Nathan Zuntz}}

See also

  • {{annotated link|Diving medicine}}
  • {{annotated link|History of decompression research and development}}
  • {{annotated link|Human physiology of underwater diving}}

References

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{{cite journal |last1=Graves |first1=D.J. |last2=Idicula |first2=J.

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|location=Bethesda, Maryland |date=13–14 February 1987}}

{{cite web |url=http://gtuem.praesentiert-ihnen.de/tools/literaturdb/project2/pdf/Imbert%20JP.%20-%20EUBS%202004.pdf |title=The Arterial Bubble Model for Decompression Tables Calculations |last1=Imbert |first1=J-P. |first2=D. |last2=Paris |first3=J. |last3=Hugon |year=2004 |work=EUBS 2004 |publisher=Divetech |accessdate=27 September 2016 |location=Biot, France |archive-date=4 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504155219/http://gtuem.praesentiert-ihnen.de/tools/literaturdb/project2/pdf/Imbert%20JP.%20-%20EUBS%202004.pdf |url-status=dead }}

{{cite journal |last1=Imbert |first1=J.P. |last2=Fructus |first2=X.

|title=Conception d'une table de décompression [Conception of a decompression table]

|journal=Schweiz Z Sportmed. |date=April 1989 |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=27–38 |language=fr |pmid=2727654 }}

{{cite book |last1=Kay |first1=Edmond |first2=Merrill P. |last2=Spencer |title=In water recompression. 48th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop |year=1999 |publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society |location=United States |page=108 }}

{{cite journal |last=Keays |first=F.J. |title=Compressed air illness, with a report of 3,692 cases |journal=Department of Medicine Publications of Cornell University Medical College |volume=2 |pages=1–55 |year=1909 }}

.{{cite conference |last1=Kidd |first1=D.J. |last2=Stubbs |first2=R.A. |last3=Weaver |first3=R.S. |title=Comparative approaches to prophylactic decompression |editor1-last=Lambertsen |editor-first=C.J. |work=Proceedings of the fourth symposium on underwater physiology |location=New York |publisher=Academic Press |date=1971 |pages=167–177 }}

{{cite journal |last1=Kindwall |first1=Eric P. |first2=A. |last2=Baz |first3=E.N. |last3=Lightfoot |first4=Edward H. |last4=Lanphier |first5=A. |last5=Seireg |title=Nitrogen elimination in man during decompression |journal=Undersea Biomedical Research |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=285–297 |year=1975 |issn=0093-5387 |oclc=2068005 |pmid=1226586 }}

{{cite journal |title=The Extended Oxygen Window Concept for Programming Saturation Decompressions Using Air and Nitrox |last1=Kot |first1=Jacek |first2=Zdzislaw |last2=Sicko |first3=Tadeusz |last3=Doboszynski |year=2015 |journal=PLOS ONE |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0130835 |pages=1–20 |pmid=26111113 |pmc=4482426 |volume=10 |issue = 6 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1030835K |doi-access=free }}

{{cite journal |title=The state of oxygen-enriched air (nitrox) |last=Lang |first=Michael A. |journal=Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=87–93|date=June 2006 }}

{{cite thesis |title=Diving In Extreme Environments: The Scientific Diving Experience |first=Michael A. |last=Lang |publisher=NTNU (Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet) |lang=en |series=Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU |issn=1503-8181 |date=2012 |issue=564 |pages=1–206 |isbn=978-82-471-3803-8 }}

{{cite journal |last1=Leitch |first1=D.R. |last2=Barnard |first2=E.E.P. |title=Observations on no-stop and repetitive air and oxynitrogen diving |journal=Undersea Biomed Res |date=1982 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=113–129 |pmid=7123696 }}

{{cite journal |last1=LeMessurier |first1=D.H. |last2=Hills |first2=B.A. |year=1965 |title=Decompression Sickness. A thermodynamic approach arising from a study on Torres Strait diving techniques |journal=Hvalradets Skrifter |volume=48 |pages=54–84 }}

{{cite journal |last=Momsen |first=Charles |title=Report on Use of Helium Oxygen Mixtures for Diving |journal=United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report |issue=42–02 |year=1942 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3312 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007192850/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3312 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |access-date=19 June 2010}}

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{{cite report |last1=Nishi |first1=Ronald |last2=Lauchner |first2=G. |title=Development of the DCIEM 1983 Decompression Model for Compressed Air Diving |publisher=Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine Technical Report |work=DCIEM-84-R-44 |year=1984 |url=https://cradpdf.drdc-rddc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc277/p45301_A1b.pdf |access-date=8 October 2022 |archive-date=16 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916060705/https://cradpdf.drdc-rddc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc277/p45301_A1b.pdf |url-status=live }}

{{cite book |title=Handbook on hyperbaric medicine |editor1-first=Giorgio |editor1-last=Oriani |editor2-first=Alessandro |editor2-last=Marroni |editor3-first=Francis |editor3-last=Wattel |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media }}

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{{cite journal |last=Paton |first=W.D. |title=Experiments on the convulsant and anaesthetic effects of oxygen |journal=Br J Pharmacol Chemother |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=350–66 |date=March 1967 |pmid=6034384 |doi= 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1967.tb01967.x|pmc=1557218 |url= }}

{{cite journal |first1=Pol |last1=B. |last2=Watelle |first2=T.J. |title=Memoire sur les effect de la compression de lair appliquee au creusement des puits a houille |journal=Ann Hyg Publ |volume=1 |pages=241–279 |date=1854 |language=fr }}

{{cite journal|title=Variability in circulating gas emboli after a same scuba diving exposure |journal=Eur J Appl Physiol |date=2018 |doi=10.1007/s00421-018-3854-7 |last1=Papadopoulou |first1=V. |last2=Germonpré |first2=P. |last3=Cosgrove |first3=D. |first4=R.J. |last4=Eckersley |first5= P.A. |last5=Dayton |first6=G. |last6=Obeid |first7=A. |last7=Boutros |first8=M.-X. |last8=Tang |first9=S. |last9=Theunissen |first10=C. |last10=Balestra |volume=118 |issue=6 |pages=1255–1264 |pmid=29616324 |s2cid=4561122 }}

{{cite conference |title=Diabetes and Recreational Diving: Guidelines for the Future |editor1-first=Neal W. |editor1-last=Pollock |editor2-first=Donna M. |editor2-last=Uguccioni |editor3-first=Guy de L. |editor3-last=Dear |date=19 June 2005 |isbn=9780967306698 |conference=Proceedings of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society/Divers Alert Network 2005 June 19 Workshop |publisher=Divers Alert Network |location=Durham, NC }}

{{cite journal |title=Long-term changes in spirometry in occupational divers: a 10-25 year audit |date=March 2018 |journal=Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=10–16 |doi=10.28920/dhm48.1.10-16 |first1=Chris |last1=Sames |first2=Desmond F. |last2=Gorman |first3=Simon J |last3=Mitchell |first4=Lifeng |last4=Zhou |pmid=29557096 |pmc=6467824 }}

{{cite book |title=Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences: A Guide to the Literature an Annotated Bibliography, Key Word Index, and Microthesaurus |first=Charles Wesley |last=Shilling |publisher=Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc. |date=1971 |isbn=9781468485028 }}

{{cite book |title=The Underwater Handbook: A Guide to Physiology and Performance for the Engineer |editor-first=Charles W.| editor-last=Shilling | editor-last2=Werts |editor-first2=Margaret F. | editor-last3=Schandelmeier| editor-first3=Nancy R. |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2013 |isbn=9781468421545 }}

{{cite report |last=Stillson |first=G.D. |title=Report in Deep Diving Tests |publisher=US Bureau of Construction and Repair, Navy Department. |work=Technical Report |year=1915 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6527 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707004605/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6527 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |access-date=6 August 2008 }}

{{cite report |first1=Zahid M. |last1=Sulaiman |first2=Andrew A. |last2=Pilmanis |first3=Robert B. |last3=O'Connor |first4=F. Wesley |last4=Baumgardner |date=July 1985 |work=AL/CF-TR-1995-0095 |title=Relationship between age and susceptibility to decompression sickness: A review |publisher=Air Force Materiel Command |location=Brooks Air Force Base, Texas }}

{{cite book |first1=Peter |last1=Tikuisis |first2=Wayne A |last2=Gerth |editor1-first=Alf O. |editor1-last=Brubakk |editor2-first=Tom S |editor2-last=Neuman |title=Bennett and Elliott's Physiology and Medicine of Diving |year=2003 |edition=5th |isbn=978-0-7020-2571-6 |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia, USA |chapter=Decompression Theory |pages=425–7}}

{{cite web |url=http://www.acb-plongee.com/site/formation/pdf/theorie/tables_mn90.pdf |title=Table Marine National 90 (MN90), Version du 3 May 1999 |last1=Trucco |first1=Jean-Noël |first2=Jef |last2=Biard |first3=Jean-Yves |last3=Redureau |first4=Yvon |last4=Fauvel |year=1999 |publisher=F.F.E.S.S.M. Comité interrégional Bretagne & Pays de la Loire; Commission Technique Régionale |language=fr |access-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510131413/http://www.acb-plongee.com/site/formation/pdf/theorie/tables_mn90.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2013 }}

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{{cite journal |last1=Van Liew |first=Hugh D. |last2=Conkin |first2=J. |last3=Burkard |first3=M.E.

|title=The oxygen window and decompression bubbles: estimates and significance

|journal=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=859–65 |year=1993 |issn=0095-6562 |pmid=8216150 }}

{{cite journal |last1=Vann |first1=R.D. |last2=Gerth |first2=W.A. |last3=Denoble |first3=P.J.

|last4=Pieper |first4=C.F. |last5=Thalmann |first5=E.D.

|title=Experimental trials to assess the risks of decompression sickness in flying after diving

|journal=Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine |date= Winter 2004 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=431–444 |pmid=15686274 }}

{{cite book |title=Fitness to Dive. Thirty-fourth Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop

|year=1987

|editor-last=Vorosmarti |editor-first=James Jr.

|publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society |location=Bethesda, Maryland }}

{{cite journal |last=Walder |first=Dennis N.

|title=The Surface Tension of the Blood Serum in 'Bends'

|journal=Royal Air Force Technical Report |year=1945 }}

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|title=Human tolerance to 100% oxygen at 9.5 psia during five daily simulated 8-hour EVA exposures

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{{cite journal |last1=Weathersby |first1=Paul K. |last2=Homer |first2=Louis D. |last3=Flynn |first3=Edward T.

|title=On the likelihood of decompression sickness

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|pmid=6490468 |doi=10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.815 }}

{{cite journal |last1=Weathersby |first1=P. K. |first2=S.S. |last2=Survanshi |first3=R.Y. |last3=Nishi |first4=E.D. |last4=Thalmann |title=Statistically based decompression tables VII: Selection and treatment of primary air and N2O2 data. |journal=Joint Report: Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory and Naval Medical Research Institute |volume=NSMRL 1182 and NMRI 92-85 |year=1992 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3408 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415181716/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3408 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |access-date=16 March 2008 }}

{{cite web |url=https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/frederick-campbell-golding |title=Frederick Campbell Golding |website=history.rcplondon.ac.uk |publisher=Royal College of Physicians |location=London, UK |access-date=8 October 2022 |first=Brian |last=Windeyer |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008073404/https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/frederick-campbell-golding |url-status=live }}

{{cite web |url=http://www.scuba-doc.com/rgbmim.pdf |title=Reduced gradient bubble model: Diving algorithm, basis and comparisons |last1=Wienke |first1=Bruce R |last2=O’Leary |first2=Timothy R |date=13 February 2002 |pages=7–12 |publisher=NAUI Technical Diving Operations |location=Tampa, Florida |access-date=12 January 2010 |archive-date=4 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204070502/http://www.scuba-doc.com/rgbmim.pdf |url-status=live }}

{{cite report |last=Workman |first=R.D.

|title=Calculation of decompression schedules for nitrogen-oxygeb and helium-oxygen dives

|work=Res. Rep. No6-65 |publisher=US Navy Experimental Diving Unit |location=Washington, DC |date=1965 }}

{{cite conference |last1=Yount |first1=D.E. |last2=Hoffman |first2=D.C. |date=1984

|title=Decompression theory: A dynamic critical-volume hypothesis

|editor1-first=Arthur J. |editor1-last=Bachrach |editor1-link= Arthur J. Bachrach |editor2-last=Matzen |editor2-first=M.M.

|conference=Underwater physiology VIII: Proceedings of the eighth symposium on underwater physiology

|publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society |location=Bethesda |pages=131–146 }}

{{cite journal |first=Zuntz |last=N. |date=1897

|title=Zur Pathogenese und Therapie der durch rasche Luftdruck-änderungen erzeugten Krankheiten

|journal=Fortschr, D. Med. |volume=15 |pages=532–639 |language=de }}

}}

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