List of rulers of Austria
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
| royal_title = Margraves, Dukes, Archdukes and Emperors
| realm = Austria
| coatofarms = Archduchy of Austria COA.svg
| coatofarmssize = 150px
| coatofarmscaption = Archducal Coat of arms
| first_monarch = Leopold I {{small|(as margrave)}}
| last_monarch = Charles I {{small|(as emperor)}}
| style = Archduchy period:
| residence = Hofburg, Vienna
{{small|(from the ducal period onwards)}}
| appointer =
| began = 21 July 976
| ended = 12 November 1918
}}
From 976 until 1246, the Margraviate of Austria and its successor, the Duchy of Austria, was ruled by the House of Babenberg. At that time, those states were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1246 until 1918, the duchy and its successor, the Archduchy of Austria, was ruled by the House of Habsburg. Following the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I, the titles were abolished or fell into abeyance with the erection of the modern Republic of Austria.
Margraves and Dukes of Austria under the House of Babenberg
{{Main|House of Babenberg|Margrave|March of Austria|Duchy of Austria}}
The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery. In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
| Name
! Born ! Reign ! Ruling part ! Consort ! Death ! Notes |
|---|
| bgcolor=#FFF
| 100px Leopold I the Illustrious | {{Circa|940}} | 21 July 976 – 10 July 994 | Richardis of Sualafeldgau | 10 July 994 | Founder of the Babenbergs. |
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| {{Circa|965}} (?) | 10 July 994 – 23 June 1018 | Unmarried | 23 June 1018 | In his reign (996), the name Ostarrichi (later Osterreich, Austria) appeared for the first time to designate the land he ruled. |
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| 100px Adalbert I the Victorious | {{Circa|985}} | 23 June 1018 – 26 May 1055 | Glismod of West-Saxony | 26 May 1055 | Expanded his Bavarian margraviate to the Morava and Leitha rivers. |
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| 1027 | 26 May 1055 – 10 June 1075 | Adelaide of Eilenburg | 10 June 1075 | Expanded his Bavarian margraviate to the Morava and Leitha rivers. |
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| 1050 | 10 June 1075 – 12 October 1095 | Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg | 12 October 1095 | Supported the Gregorian Reforms, and was an active opponent to Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor during the Investiture Controversy. |
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| 1073 | 12 October 1095 – 15 November 1136 | Maria of Perg | 15 November 1136 | His second marriage brought the margraviate of Austria closer to the Imperial family, which raised the importance of the Babenbergs. Consequently, more royal rights were granted to Austria. |
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| 1106 | 15 November 1136 – 9 November 1137 | Adelaide of Poland | 9 November 1137 | Usually not counted as margrave,Some sources state that he was disinherited, while giving no reason for that. It's possible that it this argument was an attempt to justifiy the unusual choice of young Leopold IV as successor to his father. despite being cited as so as early as 1119. Nevertheless, it's possible that he ruled for a year, or at least as claimant to his younger brother Leopold. If he ruled, he left no children. Knighted in 1125Continuatio Prædictorum Vindobonensium 1125, MGH SS, p. 725. |
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| 100px Leopold IV the Generous | 1108 | 9 November 1137 – 18 October 1141 | Maria of Bohemia | 18 October 1141 | Also Duke of Bavaria, title given to him after his struggles with the House of Welf. |
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| 100px Henry II JasomirgottHis epithet as no certain origin; it's possible that it derived from the oath joch sam mir got helfe ("Yes, so help me God") | 1107 | 18 October 1141 – 13 January 1177 | March of Austria | Gertrude of Süpplingenburg | 13 January 1177 | Succeeded his younger brother in Austria and also as Duke of Bavaria. Moved his capital to Vienna. In 1156, Austria was raised to a Duchy. |
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| 100px Leopold V the Virtuous | 1157 | 13 January 1177 – 31 December 1194 | Helena of Hungary | 31 December 1194 | rowspan=2 | Children of Henry II, divided Austria: Leopold V kept the main duchy and annexed the Duchy of Styria to his domain in 1192. He also gave his brother Henry the so-called Duchy of Mödling (title Henry used from 1205{{Sfn|Lyon|2013|p=124}}), which spanned from Liesing to Piesting and Bruck an der Leitha. Henry I and his descendants became mostly interested in the arts. |
| bgcolor=#CEB
| 1158 | 13 January 1177 – 31 August 1223 | Richeza of Bohemia | 31 August 1223 |
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| 100px Frederick I the Catholic | 1175 | 31 December 1194 – 16 April 1198 | Unmarried | 16 April 1198 | Left no children. |
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| 100px Leopold VI the Glorious | 15 October 1176 | 16 April 1198 – 28 July 1230 | Theodora Angelina | 28 July 1230 | |
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| 1208 | 31 August 1223 – 29 November 1228 | Agnes of Thuringia | 29 November 1228 | Nephew of Henry I, apparently succeeded him as ruler, preceding his cousin (Henry I's son). He is referenced as Heinricus iuvenis dux who died in 1227,Continuatio Scotorum 1227, MGH SS IX, p. 624 and Henrici de Medlico (Henry of Mödling).Continuatio Zwetlenses III 1252, MGH SS IX, p. 655. |
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| 1182 | 29 November 1228 – 1236 | Unmarried | 1236 | After his death the duchy reverted to his cousin Gertrude, daughter of Henry II. |
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| 100px Frederick II the Quarrelsome | 25 April 1211 | 28 July 1230 – 15 June 1246 | Eudokia Sophia Laskarina Angelina{{Sfn|Angold|2011|p=54}} | 15 June 1246 | His troublesome marriages with no children opened a succession crisis in Austria. |
| bgcolor=#FFF
| rowspan=2 | 1226 | bgcolor=#CEB| 1236 – 4 October 1250 | bgcolor=#CEB| Duchy of Mödling | rowspan=2 | Vladislaus of Bohemia | rowspan=2 |24 April 1288 | rowspan=5 | Heiress of Mödling. After her cousin's death in 1246, she was the first to claim the duchy. She was associated with her first two husbands. However, as Herman of Baden failed to defeat the opposition of Austrian nobility, her rule weakened substantially, giving them minimal control over the duchies. Her first refusal of a third marriage with the brother of William II of Holland, combined with the occupation of Austria by her cousin Margaret and Ottokar of Bohemia in 1252, halted her claims. Although she was even given a part of Styria in 1254, she did not forswear her claim; her territorial portion was taken away from her in 1267. |
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| 15 June 1246 – 4 October 1250 | Duchy of Austria |
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| 1227 | 15 June 1246 – 3 January 1247 | Duchy of Austria | Gertrude | 3 January 1247 |
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| 100px Herman VI, Margrave of Baden | c.1226 | 1248 – 4 October 1250 | Duchy of Austria | Gertrude | 4 October 1250 |
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| 100px Frederick I, Margrave of Baden | 1249 | 1254 – 1267 | Duchy of Austria | | Unmarried | |29 October 1268 |
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| 1204 | 6 May 1252 – 29 October 1266 | Duchy of Austria | Henry (VII) of Germany | 29 October 1266 | rowspan=3 | Margaret and her husband, future King of Bohemia, invaded Austria in 1252 and were successfully proclaimed Dukes of Austria. After the annulment of their marriage, Margaret retired and Ottokar continued his rule until 1276, when he signed away his claims in Austria in favor of Rudolph of Habsburg. The matter would be settled with his defeat and death at the Battle on the Marchfeld (1278). |
| bgcolor=#EEE
| rowspan=2 | 100px Premislaus Ottokar II of Bohemia The Iron and Golden King | rowspan=2 | 1233 | bgcolor=#EEE| 6 May 1252 – 1261 | bgcolor=#EEE| Duchy of Austria | rowspan=2 | Margaret | rowspan=2 |26 August 1278 |
| bgcolor=#FFF
| 1261 – November 1276 |
Dukes and Archdukes of Austria under the House of Habsburg
{{main|House of Habsburg|Duchy of Austria|Archduchy of Austria}}
Count Rudolf of Habsburg, elected as king of Germany (1273), was able during the years 1276–78 to decisively defeat his main rival, the Bohemian king Ottokar II, and to regain his Austrian domains back for the Empire. By his imperial authority, Rudolf later (1282) invested his sons Albrecht and Rudolf with the duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing them for the House of Habsburg. Austria remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.
The most important Austrian rulers until the Victory at Vienna in 1683 are described in the book Symmetria iuridico Austriaca.
= Possessions (and partitions) of Austria under Habsburg domain =
| align="center" style="border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid black; text-align:center"
| colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | Duchy of Austria |
| rowspan=3 style="background:#ceb" | Duchy of Lower Austria (1379-1457) | colspan=3 style="background:#def" | Duchies of Inner and Further Austria |
| rowspan=2 style="background:#fde" | Duchy of Inner Austria (with Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) (1406-1453) | style="background:#def" | Duchy of | style="background:#ffd" | County of |
| colspan=2 style="background:#ffd" | Duchy of Further Austria {{Small|(with Tyrol)}} (1439-1453) |
| colspan=2 style="background:#fde" | {{Small|Raised to:}} Archduchy of Inner Austria (1453-1490) | colspan=2 style="background:#ffd" |{{Small|Raised to:}} |
| colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | Archduchy of Austria {{Small|(Inner Austrian line)}} (1490-1564) |
| colspan=2 style="background:#ceb" | Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria (1564-1619) | style="background:#fde" | Archduchy of | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of |
| colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | Archduchy of Austria (1619-1623) |
| colspan=2 style="background:#fde" | Archduchy of Lower and Inner Austria (1623-1665) | colspan=2 style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of |
| colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | Archduchy of Austria {{Small|(Lower/Inner Austrian line)}} (1665-1804) |
= Table of rulers =
{{Sticky header}}
| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="text-align:center" |
| Ruler
! Born ! Reign ! Ruling part ! Consort(s) ! Death ! Notes |
|---|
| 100px Rudolph I | 1 May 1218 | November 1276 – | Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg | 15 July 1291 | Brought the rule of Austria to the Habsburgs after definitively defeating Ottokar II of Bohemia between 1276 and 1278. |
| 100px Albert I | July 1255 | December 1282 – | Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol | 1 May 1308 | rowspan=3 | Sons of Rudolf I, Albert I and Rudolf II, co-ruled in Austria only one year (1282–83) when the sole rule was entrusted by the Treaty of Rheinfelden to Albert alone according to the principle of primogeniture. |
| 100px Rudolf II the Debonair | July 1270 | December 1282 – | Agnes of Bohemia | 10 May 1290 |
| 100px Rudolf III the Good | {{Circa}} 1281 | 21 November 1298 – | Blanche of France | 3/4 July 1307 |
| 100px Frederick I/III the FairHis numbering, if counted as I, reflects, not the ducal succession of the Babenbergs (being in fact the third ruler of Austria bearing this name), but of the comital Habsburgs, being the first member of the family with this name. However, he may have adopted his German numeral III in Austria, as the next de facto rulers of Austria who bore the same name styled themselves as Frederick IV and Frederick V. So, inadvertently, the numbering of de facto ruling Fredericks actually follow the Babenberg counting. | {{Circa}} 1289 | 1 May 1308 – | Isabella of Aragon | 13 January 1330 | rowspan=2 | Younger brothers of Rudolf III, and co-rulers in Austria and Styria. |
| 100px Leopold I the GloriousHis numbering reflects, not the ducal succession of the Babenbergs (being in fact the seventh ruler of Austria bearing this name), but of the comital Habsburgs, being the first member of the family with this name. | 4 August 1290 | 1 May 1308 – | Catherine of Savoy | 28 February 1326 |
| 100px Albert II the Wise | 12 December 1298 | 13 January 1330 – | Joanna of Pfirt | 16 August 1358 | rowspan=2 | Younger brothers of the predecessors, and co-rulers. |
| 100px Otto I the Merry | 23 July 1301 | 13 January 1330 – | Elisabeth of Bavaria | 17 February 1339 |
| 100px Rudolf IV the Founder | 1 November 1339 | 16 August 1358 – | Catherine of Bohemia | 27 July 1365 | After the unchanging of privileges for the Habsburgs in the decree of the Golden Bull in 1356, Rudolf gave the order to draw up the Privilegium Maius, a fake document to empower the Austrian rulers. He was the first to style himself as "Archduke", a title which was only made official in 1453. Rudolf also brought Tyrol into the Habsburg domain. |
| colspan=7 | The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke". This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453. After the death of Rudolf in 1365, his brothers Albert and Leopold succeeded him together, but divided their possessions between them in the Treaty of Neuberg of 1379:
|
| rowspan=2 | 100px Albert III the Pigtail | rowspan=2 | 9 September 1349 | 29 July 1365 – | rowspan=2 | Elisabeth of Bohemia | rowspan=2 | 29 August 1395 | rowspan=4| Brothers of the predecessor, divided their domains in 1379. |
| style="background:#ceb" | 25 September 1379 – 29 August 1395 | style="background:#ceb" | Duchy of |
| rowspan=2 | 100px Leopold III the JustNumbered III by including the titular duke Leopold II (1339–1344) | rowspan=2 | 1 November 1351 | 29 July 1365 – | rowspan=2 | Viridis Visconti | rowspan=2 | 9 July 1386 |
| style="background:#def" | 25 September 1379 – 9 July 1386 | style="background:#def" | Duchies of Inner and Further Austria with County of Tyrol |
| 100px William the Courteous | {{Circa}} 1370 | style="background:#def" | 9 July 1386 – | style="background:#def" | Duchies of Inner and Further Austria with County of Tyrol | Joan II of Naples | 15 July 1406 | Co-ruled with his brother Leopold IV. |
| rowspan=2 | 100px Leopold IV the Fat | rowspan=2 | {{Circa}} 1371 | style="background:#def" | 9 July 1386 – | style="background:#def" | Duchies of Inner and Further Austria with County of Tyrol | rowspan=2 | Catherine of Burgundy | rowspan=2 | 3 June 1411 | rowspan=2 | Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1411. |
| style="background:#def" | 15 July 1406 – 3 June 1411 | style="background:#def" | Duchy of Further Austria |
| 100px Albert IV the Patient | 19 September 1377 | style="background:#ceb"| 29 August 1395 – | style="background:#ceb" | Lower Austria | Joanna Sophia of Bavaria | 14 September 1404 | His rule was marked by tensions and conflicts with the Leopoldinian line and the Luxemburg dynasty. |
| colspan=6 | {{Small|Regencies of William, Duke of Austria and Leopold IV, Duke of Austria (1404–1411)}}
| rowspan=2 | Succeeded as a minor, under guardianship of his Leopoldinian uncles. |
| 100px Albert V the Magnanimous | 16 August 1397 | style="background:#ceb" | 14 September 1404 – | style="background:#ceb" | Duchy of Lower Austria | Elizabeth of Luxembourg | 27 October 1439 |
colspan=7 | In 1406, after the death of William, the living brothers of the Leopoldinian Line made a new division of their territories:
|
| 100px Ernest the Iron | {{Circa}} 1377 | style="background:#fde" | 15 July 1406 – | style="background:#fde" | Duchy of Inner Austria | Margaret of Pomerania | 10 June 1424 | In 1414, he became the last Duke to be enthroned according to Carantanian traditional rite at the Prince's Stone in Carinthia, and from that time on called himself Archduke. Beside Rudolf IV, he was the only one who used the title before it became official in 1453. |
| rowspan=2 | 100px Frederick IV of the Empty PocketsNumbered IV by including either only the de facto duke Frederick the Fair, sometimes numbered III, or by including the titular dukes Frederick (II) (1339–1344) and Frederick (III) (1347–1362). | rowspan=2 | {{Circa}} 1382 | style="background:#ffd" | 15 July 1406 – | style="background:#ffd" | County of Tyrol | rowspan=2 | Elisabeth of the Palatinate | rowspan=2 | 24 June 1439 | rowspan=2 | Also held regency in Inner Austria 1424–1435. Because he sided with Antipope John XXIII, the Council of Constance stripped him of the remaining important Swiss possessions of the family, which went to the Swiss Confederacy. |
| style="background:#ffd" | 3 June 1411 – 24 June 1439 | style="background:#ffd" | County of Tyrol with Further Austria |
| colspan=7 | Vacant 1439–1440 |
| colspan=6 | {{Small|Regency of Frederick V, Duke of Austria (1440–1452)}}
| rowspan=2 | Succeeded as a minor, under the guardianship of his Ernestine cousin. |
| 100px Ladislaus the Posthumous | 22 February 1440 | style="background:#ceb" | 22 February 1440 – | style="background:#ceb" | Duchy of Lower Austria | Unmarried | 23 November 1457 |
| colspan=7 | Lower Austria annexed to Inner Austria |
| colspan=6 | {{Small|Regency of Frederick V, Duke of Austria (1439–1446)}}
| rowspan=2 | In 1490 he abdicated his control over his territories, giving way for the reunification of Austria. |
| 100px Sigismund the Rich | 26 October 1427 | style="background:#ffd" | 24 June 1439 – | style="background:#ffd" | Duchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol | Eleanor of Scotland | 4 March 1496 |
| colspan=7 | Further Austria and Tyrol annexed to Inner Austria |
| colspan=6 | {{Small|Regency of Frederick IV, Duke of Austria (1424–1435)}}
| rowspan=4 | Sons of Ernest I, ruled jointly. Despite having reunited all of Austria, Frederick's rule wasn't always uncontested: in 1485–1490, Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, occupied the proper Duchies of Austria and Styria, claiming the title Archduke of Austria. |
| rowspan=2 | 100px Frederick V the Peaceful | rowspan=2 | 21 September 1415 | style="background:#fde" | 10 June 1424 – | style="background:#fde" | Duchy of Inner Austria | rowspan=2 | Eleanor of Portugal | rowspan=2 | 19 August 1493 |
| 1490 – 19 August 1493 |
| 100px Albert VI the Prodigal | 12 September 1418 | style="background:#fde" | 10 June 1424 – | style="background:#fde" | Duchy of Inner Austria | Mechthild of the Palatinate | 2 December 1463 |
| 100px Maximilian I the Last Knight | 22 March 1459 | 19 August 1493 – | Mary of Burgundy | 12 January 1519 | In 1490, he reconquered lost Austrian lands after Matthias Corvinus's death and persuaded his cousin Sigismund to cede Tyrol to him.{{Cite book |last1=Pavlac |first1=Brian A. |last2=Lott |first2=Elizabeth S. |title=The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=1 June 2019 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-4856-8 | pages=255, 278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA255 |access-date=13 November 2021 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last1=Fichtner |first1=Paula Sutter |title=The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490-1848: Attributes of Empire |date=7 March 2017 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-137-10642-1 |page=8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F1JdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |access-date=13 November 2021 |language=en}} Appointed King of the Romans in 1486 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1508. His first marriage allowed him to extend Habsburg domain over the Low Countries. |
| 100px Charles I | 24 February 1500 | 12 January 1519 – | Isabella of Portugal | 21 September 1558 | Grandson of his predecessor. Through his mother he gained, in 1516, the recently unified Kingdom of Spain. He founded a Spanish branch of the Habsburgs that reigned until 1700. In 1519,he inherited the Austrian Archduchy, and was the first solely elected (not crowned) King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V). In 1521, he abdicated from Austria. He was succeeded in Austria by his brother, but continued being his brother's overlord until 1556. In this year, Charles abdicated control over all his possessions and retired to the Monastery of Yuste. |
| 100px Ferdinand I {{Small|under Charles I (1521–1556)}} | 10 March 1503 | 1521/1556 – | Anne of Bohemia and Hungary | 25 July 1564 | Brother of the predecessor. While Charles I's son Philip II of Spain inherited the "Western" possessions (Low Countries, Spain with ultramarine lands, and Italian states), Ferdinand inherited the rest (Austrian possessions), while gaining the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and came to be elected King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor in 1556, after his brother's abdication. |
colspan=7 | In 1564, after Ferdinand I's death, the Archduchy was once more divided between his sons:
|
| 100px Maximilian II | 31 July 1527 | 25 July 1564 – | Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria | Maria of Spain | 12 October 1576 | Maximilian, as the eldest son, was elected King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor in 1564, and inherited also the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia. |
| 100px Ferdinand II | 14 June 1529 | style="background:#ffd" | 25 July 1564 – | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol | Philippine Welser | 24 January 1595 | Had descendants, but from his morganatic marriage, making them unsuitable for succession; his lands were eventually inherited by the senior Austrian line. |
| 100px Charles II In German Articles and Books these Archdukes' names and titles are normally completed with the territorial names of their Duchy as: "Charles II of Inner Austria" = "Karl der II. von Inner Österreich" | 3 June 1540 | style="background:#fde" | 25 July 1564 – | style="background:#fde" | Archduchy of Inner Austria | Maria Anna of Bavaria (I) | 10 July 1590 | Unlike his brother Maximilian, Charles was Catholic and promoted the Counter-Reformation in his domains. |
| 100px Rudolf V | 18 July 1552 | style="background:#ceb" | 12 October 1576 – | style="background:#ceb" | Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria | Unmarried | 20 January 1612 | Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. He was a patron of the arts, known for his support of Mannerist art. |
| rowspan=2 | 100px Matthias | rowspan=2 | 24 February 1557 | style="background:#ffd" | 24 January 1595 – | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of Further Austria with County of Tyrol | rowspan=2 | Anna of Tyrol | rowspan=2 | 20 March 1619 | rowspan=2 | Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. |
| style="background:#ceb" | 1608 – 20 March 1619 | style="background:#ceb" | Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria |
| 100px Maximilian III | 12 October 1558 | style="background:#ffd" | 26 June 1612 – | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of Further Austria | Unmarried | 2 November 1618 | In 1587 stood as a candidate for the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He also held the regency of Lower and Upper Austria 1593–1595. |
| 100px Albert VII | 13 November 1559 | style="background:#ceb" | 20 March – | style="background:#ceb" | Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria | Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain | 13 July 1621 | Also Viceroy of Portugal under Philip II of Spain, and ruler of the Low Countries (1598–1621). Ruled a few months as archduke, before abdicating. His abdication resulted in a new reunion of Austria. |
colspan=7 | In 1619, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinand III of Austria) reunited the Archduchy. During the Thirty Years' War, he felt the need to divide the land once more:
|
| colspan=6 | {{Small|Regencies of Ernest of Austria (1590–1593) and Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (1593–1595)}}
| rowspan=4 | Also Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), and King of Hungary and Bohemia. |
| rowspan=3 | 100px Ferdinand III | rowspan=3 | 9 July 1578 | style="background:#fde" | 10 July 1590 – | style="background:#fde" | Archduchy of Inner Austria | rowspan=3 | Maria Anna of Bavaria (II) | rowspan=3 | 15 February 1637 |
| 9 October 1619 – 1623 |
| style="background:#fde" | 1623 – 15 February 1637 | style="background:#fde" | Archduchy of Lower and Inner Austria |
| 100px Leopold V | 9 October 1586 | style="background:#ffd" | 1623 – | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of Further Austria | Claudia de' Medici | 13 September 1632 | When he was chosen as archduke regnant, he abdicated his ecclesiastical status (as he previously held the Bishoprics of Passau and Strasbourg) in order to get married and have children. |
| colspan=6 | {{Small|Regency of Claudia de' Medici (1632–1646)}}
| rowspan=2 | |
| 100px Ferdinand Charles | 17 May 1628 | style="background:#ffd" | 13 September 1632 – | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of Further Austria | Anna de' Medici | 30 December 1662 |
| 100px Ferdinand IV | 13 July 1608 | style="background:#fde" | 15 February 1637 – | style="background:#fde" | Lower Austria and Inner Austria | Maria Anna of Spain | 2 April 1657 | Also Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657), and King of Hungary and Bohemia. |
| 100px Sigismund Francis | 27 November 1630 | style="background:#ffd" | 30 December 1662 – | style="background:#ffd" | Archduchy of Further Austria | Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach | 25 June 1665 | Brother of the predecessor. After his death, his territories reverted to the elder line. |
| rowspan=2 | 100px Leopold VI | rowspan=2 | 9 June 1640 | style="background:#fde" | 2 April 1657 – | style="background:#fde" | Archduchy of Lower and Inner Austria | rowspan=2 | Margaret Theresa of Spain | rowspan=2 | 5 May 1705 | rowspan=2 | Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary. |
| 25 June 1665 – 5 May 1705 |
| 100px Joseph I | 26 July 1678 | 5 May 1705 – | Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick | 17 April 1711 | Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary. |
| 100px Charles III | 1 October 1685 | 17 April 1711 – | Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 20 October 1740 | Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1700, he claimed the Kingdom of Spain in the War of Spanish Succession (1700–1713). |
| 100px Maria Theresa {{Small|with Francis I Stephen (1740–1765) Joseph II (1765–1780)}} | 13 May 1717 | 20 October 1740 – | rowspan=2 | 12 February 1736 | 29 November 1780 | Also Queen of Bohemia and Hungary. |
| 100px Francis I Stephen {{Small|with Maria Theresa (1740–1765)}} | 8 December 1708 | 20 October 1740 – | 18 August 1765 | Also Holy Roman Emperor (1740–1765). Exchanged his original Duchy of Lorraine for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1737). |
| colspan=7 | The Austrian agnatic branch ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by a combination of the Austrian cognatic branch of the Habsburgs and the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. The new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen). All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen. |
| 100px Joseph II | 13 March 1741 | 29 November 1780 – | Archduchy of Austria | Isabella of Parma | 20 February 1790 | Co-ruling with his mother since the death of his father. |
| 100px Leopold VII | 5 May 1747 | 20 February 1790 – | Archduchy of Austria | Maria Luisa of Spain | 1 March 1792 | Had a brief reign. |
| 100px Francis II | 12 February 1768 | 1 March 1792 – | Archduchy of Austria | Elisabeth of Württemberg | 2 March 1835 | In 1804 Francis adopted the new title Emperor of Austria, but kept the title of Archduke of Austria. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved. |
Emperors of Austria (1804–1918)
{{See also|Austrian Empire|Austria-Hungary}}
=House of Habsburg-Lorraine=
| class="wikitable"
!Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes | |
| bgcolor=#fff
|align="center"| 100px |align="center"| 12 February 1768 |align="center"| 11 August 1804 – 2 March 1835 |align="center"|Empire of Austria |align="center"| Elisabeth of Württemberg |align="center"| 2 March 1835 | Following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Francis created his own Empire of Austria. |
| bgcolor=#fff
|align="center"| 100px |align="center"| 19 April 1793 |align="center"| 2 March 1835 – 2 December 1848 |align="center"|Empire of Austria |align="center"| Maria Anna of Savoy |align="center"| 29 June 1875 | Abdicated due to the Revolutions of 1848. |
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|align="center"| 100px |align="center"| 18 August 1830 |align="center"| 2 December 1848 – 21 November 1916 |align="center"|Empire of Austria |align="center"| Elisabeth of Bavaria |align="center"| 21 November 1916 | Nephew of Ferdinand I, and grandson of Francis I. The Empire became a dual monarchy following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, forming Austria-Hungary. |
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|align="center"| 17 August 1887 |align="center"| 21 November 1916 – 12 November 1918 |align="center"|Empire of Austria |align="center"| Zita of Bourbon-Parma |align="center"| 1 April 1922 | Grand-nephew of Francis Joseph I, and great-great-grandson of Francis I. Following the defeat in World War I, the Empire was dissolved in 1918. |
See also
References
{{reflist}}
=Works cited=
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite book |last=Angold |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Angold |chapter=The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204–1261: Marriage Strategies |title=Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204 |year=2011 |location=Farnham |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |pages=47–68 |isbn=978-1409410980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_mazcfdpVIC}}
- {{cite book |last=Lyon |first=Jonathan R. |title=Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100-1250 |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca and London |year=2013 |isbn=978-0801451300}}
{{refend}}
{{Rulers of Austria}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Monarchs of Austria}}