List of secretaries of state of Wisconsin
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|+Number of secretaries of state of Wisconsin by party affiliationWisconsin has had 29 secretaries of state. Two served non-consecutive terms, and are thus counted twice in this table. Theodore Dammann changed his party and is therefore counted twice also. !colspan=2|Party !Secretaries |
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The secretary of state of Wisconsin is an officer of the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Wisconsin{{cite book|editor-last=Barish |editor-first=Lawrence S. |title=State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2007–2008 |year=2007 |url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |format=PDF |access-date=2008-05-10 |publisher=Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau |location=Madison, Wisconsin |isbn=978-0-9752820-2-1 |pages=508–509 |chapter=Chapter 6: Executive Branch |chapter-url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/executive.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080930/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |archive-date=2011-08-11 }} and the second in the order of succession of the governor of Wisconsin, behind the lieutenant governor.{{cite book|editor=Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau |title=State of Wisconsin 2007–2008 Blue Book |location=Madison |publisher=Wisconsin Legislature Joint Committee on Legislative Organization |year=2007 |url=https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/misc/lrb/blue_book/2007_2008 |chapter=Wisconsin Constitution (Article V) |chapter-url=https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/misc/lrb/blue_book/2007_2008/400_constitution.pdf |page=214 }} The secretary of state is responsible for keeping records of the official acts of the legislative and executive branches of Wisconsin's government and affixing the Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin to the official acts of the governor.
As second in the order of succession to Wisconsin's governorship, the secretary of state becomes governor if the governor dies, resigns or is removed from office while the lieutenant governorship is vacant; prior to a 1979 amendment to the Wisconsin Constitution, however, the secretary simply became acting governor if any of these events were to occur. No secretary of state has ever ascended to the governorship or acting-governorship under such circumstances. Both before and after the 1979 amendment, the secretary becomes acting governor while the governor is absent from the state, impeached or incapacitated in the absence of a lieutenant governor. Some secretaries of state have acted as governor for short periods of time under such circumstances.{{cite web |title=Vel Phillips |url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/phillips/ |work=Topics in Wisconsin History |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society |access-date=2010-04-20 |quote=During the absence of both the governor and lieutenant governor, [Secretary of State] Phillips served as acting governor, though only briefly....}}
Under the original terms of the state constitution, the secretary of state was elected for a two-year term on a separate ticket from the governor or any other official. A 1967 amendment increased the term of the secretary of state, as well as those of other state officials, to four years. There is no limit to the number of terms a secretary of state may hold. In the event of the death, resignation or removal from office of the secretary of state, the governor may appoint someone to fill the vacancy.{{cite book |editor-last=Barish |editor-first=Lawrence S. |title=State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2007–2008 |year=2007 |url=http://www.legis.wisconsin/gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |format=PDF |access-date=2010-04-19 |publisher=Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau |location=Madison, Wisconsin |isbn=978-0-9752820-2-1 |pages=234–235 |chapter=Chapter 3: Wisconsin Constitution (Article XIII) |chapter-url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/constitution.htm }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Twenty-eight individuals have held the office of secretary of state since Wisconsin's admission to the Union in 1848, two of whom—Fred Zimmerman and Douglas La Follette—served for non-consecutive terms. The first secretary of state was Thomas McHugh, who took office on June 7, 1848. The current secretary is Sarah Godlewski, who took office on March 17, 2023; her current term expires in 2027.{{Cite web |title=Secretary of State Doug La Follette to retire, Gov. Tony Evers appoints Sarah Godlewski to post |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/2023/03/17/doug-la-follette-to-retire-as-secretary-of-state-evers-taps-godlewski/70020959007/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Journal Sentinel |language=en-US}}
Secretaries of state
= Secretaries of Wisconsin Territory =
From 1836 until 1848, what is now Wisconsin was part of Wisconsin Territory.{{cite book|editor-last=Barish |editor-first=Lawrence S. |title=State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2007–2008 |url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |format=PDF |year=2007 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau |chapter=Chapter 8: Statistical Information on Wisconsin |chapter-url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/statistics.htm |isbn=978-0-9752820-2-1 |access-date=2010-04-20 |page=692–693 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080930/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |archive-date=2011-08-11 }} The Organic Act which created the territory provided for the office of a secretary, to be appointed by the president, whose duties consisted of recording the proceedings of the territory's legislature, and the laws it produced, as well as the proceedings of the territorial governor. Additionally, in the event of the inability of the governor to serve—due to death or various other circumstances—the secretary was to assume the governor's powers and carry out his duties.{{cite book |last=Tuttle |first=Charles Richard |title=An Illustrated History of the State of Wisconsin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBCvxBTJQHYC |access-date=2008-02-24 |year=1875 |publisher=B. B. Russell |location=Boston, Massachusetts |page=189}}
Wisconsin Territory was formed on July 3, 1836. During the time of its existence, it had six territorial secretaries.{{cite book |title=Manual for the use of the assembly, of the state of Wisconsin, for the year 1853 |year=1853 |url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?id=WI.WIBlueBk1853 |access-date=2008-02-24 |publisher=Brown and Carpenter, Printers|location=Madison, Wisconsin |page=118}}
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! Image ! Name ! Territorial Governor ! Appointed by |
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1
| 60px | April 30, 1836 | February 16, 1837 | rowspan="4" | Henry Dodge | rowspan="2" | Andrew Jackson |
2
| | February 16, 1837 | January 25, 1841 |
3
| | January 25, 1841 | April 23, 1841 |
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|rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"| Alexander Pope Field |rowspan="2"| April 23, 1841 |rowspan="2"| October 30, 1843 | rowspan="5" | John Tyler |
rowspan="2" | James Doty |
rowspan="3"| 5
|rowspan="3"| 60px |rowspan="3"| George R. C. Floyd |rowspan="3"| October 30, 1843 |rowspan="3"| February 24, 1846 |
Nathaniel Tallmadge |
rowspan="2" | Henry Dodge |
6
| 60px | February 24, 1846 | March 3, 1849{{#tag:ref|Wisconsin became a state on May 29, 1848; however, portions of the territory which are now part of Minnesota were not included in the state; some were of the opinion that this area continued to be Wisconsin Territory. Henry Dodge took his seat as a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin on June 23, 1848, thus precluding the possibility that he continued to be the Territorial Governor. John Catlin therefore declared that, as Secretary, he was the acting governor of Wisconsin Territory, an office he exercised until the organization of Minnesota Territory on March 3, 1849.{{cite book |title=The History of Racine and Kenosha Counties, Wisconsin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWxQBg7uyWQC |access-date=2008-02-24 |year=1879 |publisher=Western Historical Company |location=Racine County, Wisconsin |pages=55–56}}|group="note"}} |
= Secretaries of state of Wisconsin =
Wisconsin was admitted to the Union on May 29, 1848. Since then, it has had 29 secretaries of state, two of whom served non-consecutive terms.{{cite book|editor-last=Barish |editor-first=Lawrence S. |title=State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2007–2008 |url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |format=PDF |year=2007 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau |chapter=Chapter 8: Statistical Information on Wisconsin |chapter-url=http://www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/statistics.htm |pages=720–723 |isbn=978-0-9752820-2-1 |access-date=2008-02-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080930/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/bb/07bb/ |archive-date=2011-08-11 }}
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! Image ! Name ! Party ! Took office ! Left officeWhen there is no evidence to the contrary, it is assumed that secretaries of state left office the same day their successors were sworn in. ! Governor |
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| 1 | | January 7, 1850 | 1 |
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| 2 | 60px | Democratic | January 5, 1852 | Nelson Dewey | 1 |
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| 3 | 60px | Democratic | January 2, 1854 |{{Party shading/Whig}}|Leonard Farwell | 1 |
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| 4 | | Democratic | January 7, 1856 | 1 |
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|rowspan="4"| 5 |rowspan="4"| |rowspan="4"| David W. Jones |rowspan="4"| Democratic |rowspan="4"| January 2, 1860 | William A. Barstow |rowspan="4"| 2 |
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| 6 | 60px | Louis P. Harvey{{#tag:ref|Earlier editions of the Wisconsin Blue Books refer to the sixth secretary of state as "Louis P. Harvey" and make it clear that he and "Louis Powell Harvey", the seventh governor of the state, are the same man.{{cite book |editor-last=Toepel |editor-first=M. G. |editor2=Hazel L. Kuehn |title=The Wisconsin Blue Book, 1960 |url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=header&id=WI.WIBlueBk1960&isize=M |access-date=2008-03-07 |year=1960 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library |chapter=Wisconsin's former governors, 1848–1949 |chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WIBLUEBK1960.I0008&isize=M |page=97}} More recent editions, however, refer to the seventh governor as "Louis Powell Harvey" and the sixth secretary of state as "Lewis P. Harvey".|group="note"}} | January 6, 1862 | Alexander Randall | 1 |
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|rowspan="2"| 7 |rowspan="2"| 60px |rowspan="2"| James T. Lewis |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 4, 1864 |rowspan="2"| 1 |
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| 8 | 60px | Republican | January 1, 1866 | 1 |
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| 9 | 60px | Republican | January 3, 1870 | 2 |
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|rowspan="2"| 10 |rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"| Llywelyn Breese |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 5, 1874 | Lucius Fairchild |rowspan="2"| 2 |
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|rowspan="2"| 11 |rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"| Peter Doyle |rowspan="2"| Democratic |rowspan="2"| January 7, 1878 |rowspan="2"| 2 |
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| 12 | | Republican | January 2, 1882 | 2 |
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|rowspan="2"| 13 |rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"| Ernst Timme |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 5, 1891 |rowspan="2"| 4During Timme's first term, the Wisconsin Constitution was amended to say that all elections of state and county officers would henceforth take place in even-numbered years. By the provisions of the amendment, the terms of all officials who would have left office in 1884, including Timme, were extended by one year. |
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| 14 | 60px | Democratic | January 7, 1895 | 2 |
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|rowspan="2"| 15 |rowspan="2"| 60px |rowspan="2"| Henry Casson |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 2, 1899 |rowspan="2"| 2 |
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|rowspan="2"| 16 |rowspan="2"| 60px |rowspan="2"| William Froehlich |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 5, 1903 | Edward Scofield |rowspan="2"| 2 |
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| Robert M. La Follette Sr. |
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|rowspan="2"| 17 |rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"| Walter Houser |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 7, 1907 | Robert M. La Follette Sr. |rowspan="2"| 2 |
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|rowspan="2"| 18 |rowspan="2"| 60px |rowspan="2"| James A. Frear |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 6, 1913 | James O. Davidson |rowspan="2"| 3 |
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|rowspan="2"| 19 |rowspan="2"| 60px |rowspan="2"| John Donald |rowspan="2"| Republican |rowspan="2"| January 1, 1917 | Francis E. McGovern |rowspan="2"| 2 |
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| 20 | 60px | Republican | January 3, 1921 | Emanuel L. Philipp | 2 |
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| 21 | | Republican | January 1, 1923 | 1 |
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| 22 | 60px | Republican | January 3, 1927 | John J. Blaine | 2 |
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|rowspan="5" {{Party shading/Independent}}| 23 |rowspan="5"| |rowspan="4"| Theodore Dammann |rowspan="4"| Republican |rowspan="4"| January 7, 1935 |rowspan="4"| 4 |
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| Theodore Dammann | January 2, 1939 | Philip La Follette | 2 |
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|rowspan="4"| 24 |rowspan="4"| 60px |rowspan="4"| Fred R. Zimmerman |rowspan="4"| Republican |rowspan="4"| January 2, 1939{{cite news |title=Heil Becomes Wisconsin Governor |work=The La Crosse Tribune and Leader-Press |date=January 2, 1939 |page=1 |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/Viewer.aspx?img=61620510 |format=PDF |access-date=2008-03-01}} |rowspan="4"| December 14, 1954 |rowspan="4"|7{{frac|1|3}}Died in office. |
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colspan="4"| vacant
| December 14, 1954 | December 16, 1954 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Walter J. Kohler Jr. | {{frac|1|3}}Vacant due to death of secretary of state. |
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| 25 | | Republican | January 3, 1955 | Walter J. Kohler Jr. | {{frac|1|3}}Appointed to fill vacancy. |
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| 26 | | Republican | January 7, 1957 | Walter J. Kohler Jr. | 1{{#tag:ref|Before his death, Zimmerman was elected to a ninth term as secretary of state, to last from 1955 until 1957. Wise was appointed to fill this term.|group="note"}} |
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|rowspan="5"| 27 |rowspan="5"| |rowspan="5"| Robert C. Zimmerman |rowspan="5"| Republican |rowspan="5"| January 7, 1957{{cite news |title=Badger Governor Takes His Oath Of Office Today |work=Ironwood Daily Globe |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/Viewer.aspx?img=30628599 |format=PDF |date=January 7, 1957 |page=10 |access-date=2008-03-06}} |rowspan="5"| January 6, 1975 |rowspan="5"| 8As per a 1967 amendment to the Wisconsin Constitution, Zimmerman's eighth term, beginning in 1971, was the first to last for 4 years |
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|rowspan="2"| 28 |rowspan="2"| 60px |rowspan="2"| Doug La Follette |rowspan="2"| Democratic |rowspan="2"| January 6, 1975{{cite news |last=Christofferson |first=W. L |title=Inaugurations Today |work=Wisconsin State Journal |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/Viewer.aspx?img=100770320 |format=PDF |date=January 6, 1975 |page=4 |access-date=2008-03-06}} |rowspan="2"| January 3, 1979 | Patrick Lucey |rowspan="2"| 1 |
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| 29 | 60px | Democratic | January 3, 1983 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Lee S. Dreyfus | 1 |
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|rowspan=6| 30 |rowspan=6| 60px |rowspan=6| Doug La Follette |rowspan=6| Democratic |rowspan=6| January 3, 1983{{cite news |title=Earl discusses financial crunch |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/Viewer.aspx?img=153619613 |format=PDF |work=Ironwood Daily Globe |location=Ironwood, Michigan |page=11 |date=January 4, 1983 |access-date=2010-04-21}} |rowspan=6| March 17, 2023 |rowspan=6| 11La Follette resigned on March 17, 2023, cutting his eleventh term short. |
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| 31 | 60px | Democratic | March 17, 2023 | Tony Evers | 1 Appointed to serve the remainder of La Follette's eleventh term following his resignation. |
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= Notes =
{{reflist|group="note"|2}}
Other high offices held
This is a table of governorships, lieutenant governorships, congressional seats, and ranking diplomatic positions in foreign countries held by former Wisconsin secretaries of state.
References
{{reflist|2}}
{{WISecretariesOfState}}
{{U.S. State Secretaries of State}}
{{Wisconsin constitutional officers}}