List of syphilis cases

{{Short description|none}}

File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 095.jpg by Rembrandt van Rijn, c. 1665–67, oil on canvas. De Lairesse, himself a painter and art theorist, suffered from congenital syphilis that severely deformed his face and eventually blinded him.The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Summer 2007, pp. 55–56.]]

This is a list of famous historical figures diagnosed with or strongly suspected as having had syphilis at some time. Many people who acquired syphilis were treated and recovered; some died from it.

Many famous historical figures, including Charles VIII of France, Christopher Columbus, Hernán Cortés of Spain, Benito Mussolini, and Ivan the Terrible, were often alleged to have had syphilis or other sexually transmitted infections. Sometimes these allegations were false and formed part of a political whispering campaign. In other instances, retrospective diagnoses of suspected cases have been made in modern times. Mental illness caused by late-stage syphilis was once a common form of dementia. This was known as the general paresis of the insane.

class="wikitable"

|+

! Name

! Details

Cesare Borgia (1475–1507), Italian Cardinal

|Strongly suspected of having syphilis

Gerard de Lairesse (1641–1711), Dutch painter and art theorist

|Congenital syphilis

Edward Teach (1680–1718), West Indian pirate

|Better known as Blackbeard. Died in battle against Robert Maynard{{cite journal |last1=Sands |first1=K. |last2=Dennis |first2=M. |last3= Venkatesh |first3=R. |title=Fr02-06 Down the Chute |journal=The Journal of Urology |date=2020 |volume=203 |issue=203 |pages=293–294 |doi=10.1097/JU.0000000000000851.06 |s2cid=218949508 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000000851.06 |url-access=subscription }}

Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz (1721–1773), Prussian cavalry lieutenant general

|Died from syphilisLawley, Robert Neville (1852). General Seydlitz, a Military Biography. W. Clowes & Sons, pp 178–179.

Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848), Italian opera composer

|Neurosyphilis{{cite journal |last1=Peschel |first1=E. |last2=Peschel |first2=R. |title=Donizetti and the music of mental derangement: Anna Bolena, Lucia di Lammermoor, and the composer's neurobiological illness. |journal=The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine |date=1992 |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=189–200 |pmid=1285447 |pmc=2589608 }}

Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867), French poetC. Pichois and J. Ziegler, Charles Baudelaire, new edition, Paris: Fayard, 2005, p. 224–229; M. Monnier, "La maladie de Baudelaire", in C. Pichois ed., Baudelaire: études et témoignages, Neuchâtel, 1976, p. 219–238.

|

Lola Montez (1821–1861), Irish dancer, courtesan, mistress of Ludwig I

|Died from syphilisCannon, M. (1974). "Montez, Lola (1821–1861)". Montez, Lola (1818–1861). Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 5. Australian National University. https://web.archive.org/web/20121126203945/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/montez-lola-4226

Leland Stanford (1824–1893), American politician & robber baron

|Retrospectively diagnosed or suspected to have died of syphilis.{{cite web |last1=Kinyon |first1=Jon |title=Leland Stanford: The Robber Baron's Troubling History |url=https://powerlesspress.substack.com/p/leland-stanford-the-robber-barons |website=Powerless Press |date=January 1, 2022 |quote=Leland’s sudden demise, considered to be the result of untreated syphilis}}

Camilo Castelo Branco (1825–1890), Portuguese writer

|Died by suicide on account of blindness caused by neurosyphilis.

Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), Russian writer

|Suspected to have had syphilis{{cite book|title=Tolstoy: A Biography|author=Wilson, A. G.|publisher=Norton|year=2001|isbn=0-393-32122-3|location=New York}}

Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897), French novelist

|

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher

|Cause of death disputed, but syphilis or mercury poisoning from syphilis treatment are leading theories.

Franz Schubert (1797–1828), German composer

|Cause of death disputed, but symptoms match to mercury poisoning from syphilis treatment. {{cite journal | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/096777209500300409 | doi=10.1177/096777209500300409 | title=Schubert and Syphilis | date=1995 | last1=Rold | first1=Robert L. | journal=Journal of Medical Biography | volume=3 | issue=4 | pages=232–235 | pmid=11616366 | url-access=subscription }}

Robert Schumann (1810–1856), German composer

|Acquired syphilis from a prostitute in the age of 21. https://robertgreenbergmusic.com/music-history-monday-a-very-bad-ending/

Bram Stoker (1847–1912), Irish author

|Cause of death listed as "Locomotor ataxia 6 months", presumed to be a reference to syphilis.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IIAsN6I0xUQC&q=Bram+Stoker%5D%5D's+%5B%5Bdeath+certificate+syphilis&pg=PA415|title=Bram Stoker's Dracula: Sucking Through the Century, 1897–1997|first=Carol Margaret|last=Davison|date=1 November 1997|publisher=Dundurn|via=Google Books|isbn=9781554881055}}{{Cite web|url=https://blog.oup.com/2012/04/bram-stoker-death-centenary-dracula/|title=100 years ago today: the death of Bram Stoker|date=20 April 2012|website=OUPblog}}

Guy de Maupassant (1850–1893), French writerMaupassant died at age 43 of syphilis he had acquired 16 years previously. (Bruno Halioua, [http://www.larevuedupraticien.fr/histoire-de-la-medecine/comment-la-syphilis-emporta-maupassant "Comment la syphilis emporta Maupassant"], La revue du praticien, 30 June 2003.) When he first learned he had caught the disease Maupassant actually rejoiced, writing to a friend: "I have the pox! Finally! The big one! [J'ai la vérole! enfin! la vraie!] ... I have the pox [...] and I am proud of that by God! And I have the greatest contempt for the bourgeois." (Guy de Maupassant, [http://maupassant.free.fr/corresp/cadre.php?ord=c&num=62 Letter to Robert Pinchon aka LaToque, 2 March 1877].)

|

Tongzhi Emperor (1856–1875), Emperor of Qing Dynasty

|Suspected to have had syphilis{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

Mikhail Vrubel (1856–1910), Russian painter{{cite book|title=Vrubel|author=V.M Domiteeva|publisher=Molodaia Gvardiia|year=2014|isbn=978-5-235-03676-5|series=Zhizn' zamechatel'nykh liudei|location=Moscow|page=413|language=ru|issue=1458}}

|

Frederick Delius (1862–1934), English music composer

|Died from syphilis{{Cite web|url=http://www.favorite-classical-composers.com/frederick-delius.html|title=Frederick Delius Biography Sublime Music, Tragic Life|work=Favorite Classical Composers|accessdate=2011-05-30}}

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864–1901), French painter{{cite web|url=http://www.toulouse-lautrec-foundation.org/biography.html|title=Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec Biography|publisher=toulouse-lautrec-foundation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}

|

Eugen Sandow (1867–1925), German bodybuilder

|Suspected to have had syphilis{{cite news|url=http://thehumanmarvels.com/blog/?p=138|title=Eugen Sandow—Father of Bodybuilding|last=Tithonus|first=Pednuad, J.|accessdate=2008-09-17|publisher=The Human Marvels|quote=At the time of his death in 1925, a cover story was released stating Sandow died prematurely at age 58 of a stroke shortly after pushing his car out of the mud. The actual cause of death was more likely due to complications from syphilis.}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlYYAAAAIAAJ|title=St. James encyclopedia of popular culture|author=Tom Pendergast and Sara Pendergast|publisher=St. James Press|year=2000|isbn=978-1-55862-404-7|quote=... speculates that the strongman's death may have been the result of an aortic aneurysm brought about by syphilis.}}

Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924), Soviet politician

|Retrospectively diagnosed or suspected to have died of syphilis.{{cite news |last1=Chivers |first1=C. J. |title=A Retrospective Diagnosis Says Lenin Had Syphilis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/22/science/a-retrospective-diagnosis-says-lenin-had-syphilis.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 22, 2004}}

Karen Blixen (1885–1962), Danish writerDonelson, Linda (1998). Out of Isak Dinesen in Africa. Coulsong. {{ISBN|0-9643893-9-8}}.

|

Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), German dictator

|Suspected to have had syphilis{{cite news|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/74776.php|title=Did Hitler Have Syphilis?|work=Medical News Today|accessdate=2010-10-02|quote=An encounter with a Jewish prostitute in Vienna in 1908 may have given Hitler neuro-syphilis and provided the 'deadly logic and blueprint for the Holocaust' as well as giving him a reason to attempt to eliminate the mentally retarded, according to evidence presented at the Royal College of Psychiatrists.}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8wM1Y4opdQC|title=Pox: Genius, Madness, And The Mysteries Of Syphilis|author=Hayden, Deborah|date=4 August 2008|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0786724130|oclc=50725392}}{{cite journal |last1=Retief |first1=Francois |last2=Wessels |first2=A. |title=Did Adolf Hitler have syphilis? |journal=South African Medical Journal |date=22 December 2005 |volume=95 |issue=10 |pages=750–753 |pmid=16341329 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/samj/article/view/13733 }}

Al Capone (1899–1947), American gangster

|Died from syphilis{{cite book|title=Capone: The Man and the Era|url=https://archive.org/details/caponemanera00berg|url-access=registration|last=Bergreen|first=Laurence|publisher=Simon and Schuster Paperbacks|year=1994|isbn=978-0-684-82447-5|location=New York}}

Lavrentiy Beria (1899–1953), Soviet politician & serial rapist

|Admitted before his execution he had been treated for syphilis.

Alger "Texas" Alexander (1900–1954), American blues singer

|Died from syphilis{{cite web|url=http://www.thebluestrail.com/artists/mus_ata.htm|title=Texas Alexander|publisher=Thebluestrail.com|accessdate=2015-08-30}}

Howard Hughes (1905–1976), American aerospace engineer, business magnate, film producer, investor, philanthropist and pilot.

|Diagnosed with neurosyphilis in 1932.Brown and Broeske 1996, p. 183–185

Idi Amin (1928–2003), Ugandan dictator[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries Idi Amin] The Guardian, Obituaries, 18 August 2003: "It's no secret that Amin is suffering from the advanced stages of syphilis, which has caused brain damage".

|

References

{{reflist}}

=Bibliography=

  • Brown, Peter Harry and Pat H. Broeske. Howard Hughes: The Untold Story. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. {{ISBN|0-525-93785-4}}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Syphilis cases}}

Category:Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission

Category:Medical history-related lists

Cases

Category:Retrospective diagnosis

Category:Deaths from syphilis