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Listriodon

{{Short description|Extinct genus of mammals}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = Miocene

| image = Listriodon IVPP.jpg

| image_caption = Skull (IVPP V8285) of L. splendens, Paleozoological Museum of China

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Listriodon

| authority = von Meyer, 1846

| type_species = †Listriodon splendens

| type_species_authority = von Meyer, 1846

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

}}

Listriodon is an extinct genus of pig-like animals that lived in Eurasia during the Miocene.

Description

File:Listriodon splendens.JPG

Listriodon species were generally small in size. In morphology, they show many similarities with peccaries rather than modern pigs.{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen Physical sciences. Series B · Volume 79 |date=1976 |publisher=Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen |page=53}}

The lophodont teeth of Listriodon indicate that it was mostly, if not strictly, herbivorous. Peculiarly, their teeth resemble those of perissodactyls such as horses more than they do that of ruminants. This was the case because unlike ruminants (and much like perissodactyls), pigs lack a complex four-chambered stomach and therefore had to rely on their teeth to break down grasses and herbs.{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Series B, Palaeontology, geology, physics, and chemistry Volume 81 |date=1978 |publisher=University of California}}

Species

Many species of Listriodon have been named over the years, to the point that the genus became a wastebasket taxon. Over the years, many species have been moved into new genera, such as Kubanochoerus, Bunolistriodon{{cite web |title=Bunolistriodon |url=https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1089414/ |website=Biolib}} and Lopholistriodon. Some species were found to be synonymous with others, such as Listriodon theobaldi and Listriodon pentapotamiae representing different genders of a single species.{{cite book |title=Netherlands Journal of Zoology |date=1975 |publisher=E.J. Brill |page=137}}

Prothero (2021) lists four valid species:{{cite book |last1=Prothero |first1=Donald R. |title=The Evolution of Artiodactyls |date=2007 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=9780801887352 |page=144}}

  • Listriodon splendens
  • Listriodon pentapotamiae
  • Listriodon raetamanensis
  • Listriodon bartuensis

= Species now placed in ''Bunolistriodon'' =

  • Listriodon akatikubas
  • Listriodon guptai
  • Listriodon intermedius
  • Listriodon latidens
  • Listriodon lockharti
  • Listriodon meidamon

= Species now placed in ''Lopholistriodon'' =

  • Listriodon juba{{cite book |last1=Werdelin |first1=Lars |last2=Sanders |first2=William Joseph |title=Cenozoic Mammals of Africa |date=2010 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520257214 |page=826}}

= Species now placed in ''Kubanochoerus'' =

  • Listriodon robustus

= Species synonymous with ''L. splendens'' =

  • Listriodon aragoniensis{{cite book |title=Paleontologia i Evolució Volumes 23-25 |date=1989 |publisher=L'Institut |page=86}}
  • Listriodon mongoliensis
  • Listriodon lishanensis
  • Listriodon xinanensis

= Species synonymous with ''L. pentapotamiae'' =

  • Listriodon theobaldi

Palaeoecology

Multiproxy isotopic analysis of the tooth enamel of L. splendens consisting of 87Sr/86Sr, δ18OCO3, and δ13C suggests that although it was primarily a browser, it consumed significant quantities of fruit and at times also fed on grass.{{Cite journal |last1=Aiglstorfer |first1=Manuela |last2=Bocherens |first2=Hervé |last3=Böhme |first3=Madelaine |date=18 February 2014 |title=Large mammal ecology in the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12549-013-0145-5 |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |language=en |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=189–213 |doi=10.1007/s12549-013-0145-5 |issn=1867-1594 |access-date=31 December 2024 |via=Springer Nature Link|url-access=subscription }} Analysis of L. cf. L. splendens and L. aff. L. latidens suggests that the former was a more specialised folivore than the latter.{{Cite journal |last1=Hunter |first1=John P. |last2=Fortelius |first2=Mikael |date=31 March 1994 |title=Comparative dental occlusal morphology, facet development, and microwear in two sympatric species of Listriodon (Mammalia: Suidae) from the middle Miocene of western Anatolia (Turkey) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011541 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=105–126 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1994.10011541 |bibcode=1994JVPal..14..105H |issn=0272-4634 |access-date=14 November 2024 |via=Taylor and Francis Online|url-access=subscription }}

External links

  • [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42395 Listriodon] at Fossilworks

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Suina|Su.|state=collapsed}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3834933}}

Category:Prehistoric Suidae

Category:Miocene Artiodactyla

Category:Fossil taxa described in 1846

Category:Prehistoric Artiodactyla genera

Category:Miocene mammals of Europe

Category:Miocene mammals of Asia

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