Lithium vanadium phosphate battery
{{Short description|Proposed type of battery}}
A lithium vanadium phosphate (LVP) battery is a proposed type of lithium-ion battery that uses a vanadium phosphate in the cathode. {{As of|2016}} they have not been commercialized.
Research
Vanadium phosphates have been investigated as potential cathodes for Li-ion batteries: including lithium vanadium phosphate, Li3V2(PO4)3;{{citation| title = Performance characteristics of lithium vanadium phosphate as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries| first1 = M.Y.|last1 = Saıdi| first2 = J.| last2 = Barker| first3 = H.|last3 = Huang| first4 = J.L.|last4= Swoyer | first5 = G.|last5 = Adamson|journal = Journal of Power Sources| volume =119–121| date = 1 June 2003 |pages = 266–272|doi = 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00245-3| bibcode = 2003JPS...119..266S}} Selected papers presented at the 11th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries{{citation| title = Nanostructured Composites: A High Capacity, Fast Rate Li3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries| first1 = H. |last1 = Huang| first2 = S.-C. |last2 = Yin | first3 = T. |last3 = Kerr | first4 = N. |last4 = Taylor | first5 = L.F. |last5 = Nazar| doi = 10.1002/1521-4095(20021104)14:21<1525::AID-ADMA1525>3.0.CO;2-3| journal = Adv. Mater.|volume = 14|issue = 21|pages = 1525–1528 |year = 2002|doi-access =free| bibcode = 2002AdM....14.1525H }} the same material prepared by sol gel methods showed lithium insertion/removal over a 3.5 to 4.1 V range, with evidence of three stages of insertion/removal.{{citation| title = Synthesis and performance of lithium vanadium phosphate as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries by a sol–gel method |first1 = X.J. | last1 = Zhu |first2 = Y.X. |last2 = Liu |first3 = L.M. |last3 = Geng | first4 = L.B. |last4 = Chen| doi = 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.007 | journal =Journal of Power Sources | volume = 184| issue = 2| date = 1 October 2008|pages = 578–582|bibcode = 2008JPS...184..578Z }}
ɛ-VOPO4 has been studied as a cathode material and has a two stage lithium insertion/removal process.{{citation| title = Some transition metal (oxy)phosphates and vanadium oxides for lithium batteries
|first1 = M. | last1 = Stanley Whittingham
|first2 = Yanning | last2 =Song
|first3 = Samuel | last3 =Lutta
|first4 = Peter Y. | last4 = Zavalija
|first5 = Natasha A.| last5 = Chernovaa
|journal = J. Mater. Chem.| year = 2005| volume = 15| issue = 33 | pages = 3362–3379| doi = 10.1039/B501961C }} Nanostructured ɛ-VOPO4 has been studied as a potential redox material.{{cite journal|title=Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured ε-VOPO4 over Two Redox Plateaus|journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society|date=2013|volume=160|issue=10|page=A1777|doi=10.1149/2.064310jes|last1=Chen|first1=Zehua|last2=Chen|first2=Qiyuan|last3=Chen|first3=Liquan|last4=Zhang|first4=Ruibo|last5=Zhou|first5=Hui|last6=Chernova|first6=Natasha A.|last7=Whittingham|first7=M. Stanley|doi-access=free}}