Litoral Department (1837–1857)
{{Short description|Department of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = Departamento del Litoral
|conventional_long_name = Department of the Litoral
|subdivision = Department
|nation = South Peru and Peru
|title_leader = Prefect
|leader1 = Manuel Mendiburu
|year_leader1 = 1837–?
|capital = Tacna
|year_start = 1837
|year_end = 1857
|event_start =
|date_start = 25 April
|event_end =
|date_end = 2 January
|event1 = Confederation ended
|date_event1 = 25 August 1839
|era = Confederation
|event_pre =
|date_pre =
|event_post =
|date_post =
|image_flag = Flag of Tacna Regiment (1820 proposal).svg
|image_coat = Sol de Mayo-Bandera de Argentina.svg
|symbol_type =
|symbol =
|image_map = Estado Sud-Peruano.svg
|image_map_caption = Litoral within South Peru (1837–1839)
|p1 = Department of Arequipa (Peru–Bolivian Confederation){{!}}Arequipa Department
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.svg
|s1 = Department of Moquegua{{!}}Moquegua Department
|flag_s1 = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg
|Divisions = Provinces
|DivisionsNames = Tacna & Tarapacá
|DivisionsMap =
|divisions_map_caption =
|membership_title1 = Constituent country
|membership1 = South Peru
}}
The Department of the Litoral ({{langx|es|Departamento del Litoral}}), also known as the Department of Tacna ({{langx|es|Departamento de Tacna}}),{{Cite book |title=CENTRALIDAD GEOGRÁFICA, MARGINALIDAD POLÍTICA: La región de Tacna-Arica y su comercio, 1778-1841 |last=Rosenblitt B. |first=Jaime |publisher=Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana |year=2013 |isbn=978-956-244-071-4 |location=Santiago |pages=280 |language=es |url=https://www.bibliotecanacional.gob.cl/sites/www.bibliotecanacional.gob.cl/files/2022-08/Centralidad%20Geogr%C3%A1fica.pdf}} was a department originally part of South Peru, a constituent country of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, which existed from 1836 to 1839. Created alongside the confederate state, its capital was Tacna, the capital city of the confederation.{{Cite web |url=https://www.leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/constituciones_ordenado/CONSTIT_1837/Lcpb1837.pdf |title=Ley Fundamental de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana |date=1837-05-01 |website=Congreso de la República}} After the state's dissolution, it continued to exist as part of Peru until the creation of the Department of Moquegua in 1857.
History
The department was established when it was part of South Peru, a constituent country of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, through a law issued on April 25, 1837 by Supreme Protector Andrés de Santa Cruz that separated it from the Department of the Law (i.e. Arequipa) while remaining under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arequipa.{{Cite news |title=Secretaría General: De S.E. Andrés Santa-Cruz [...] |url=https://www.leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/LeyesXIX/1837027.pdf |date=1837-04-25 |work=Congreso de la República}} It was formed by the provinces of Tacna and Tarapacá.
In 1839, the Confederate Army was defeated at the Battle of Yungay, and the new Peruvian provisional government of Agustín Gamarra, with the protection of the Chilean Army,{{Cite book |title=Vida de un soldado: desde la Toma de Valdivia (1820) a la victoria de Yungay (1839) |last=Molina Hernández |first=Jorge Javier |publisher=RIL Ediciones |year=2009 |isbn=978-9562846769 |pages=232–253 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nN9OAQAAIAAJ}} declared the dissolution of the Confederation on August 25, 1839, initiating the national restoration period of Peru and creating the New Constituent General Congress of Peru. He substituted the confederate organization with a unitary organization, withdrew Bolivian public workers, and rebuilt Peru's international relations.
In 1857, the law of January 2 created the Department of Moquegua as a separate entity from Arequipa. The new department included the provinces of Moquegua, Tacna, Arica and Tarapacá.{{Cite book |title=Plan vial provincial participativo de Mariscal Nieto |publisher=Gobierno del Perú |year=2004 |pages=14 |language=es |url=https://www.proviasdes.gob.pe/planes/moquegua/pvpp/pvpp_mariscalnieto.pdf}}{{Cite book |title=POBLACIÒN MUJER Y SALUD - MOQUEGUA |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |year=1996 |url=https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/web/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0239/moq0104.HTM |chapter=1.4 Moquegua: Aspectos Geográficos y Políticos Administrativos}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Subdivisions of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation}}