Liu Yijun (guitarist)

Liu was born in Tianjin, China.{{Cite news|url=http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20150112/40940082_0.shtml|title=专访前唐朝乐队吉他手刘义军：北京乐与画|last=Xu|first=Gehui|date=12 January 2015|work=凤凰网}} Most sources list his birth year as 1962, although one source{{Cite web|url=http://www.yaogun.com/artist/tangchao/member/laowu.htm|title=老五/劉義軍|date=2009|website=中国摇滚}} specifies his birthday as 10 January 1963. "Lao Wu" was the fifth child in the family, and acquired the nickname early in his youth. The family moved to nearby Langfang in 1971, during the Cultural Revolution.{{Cite web|url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c4fef6b01008j87.html|title=亚洲最伟大吉他手激情依旧？|date=4 March 2008|website=竞报体育}} Liu's older sister was involved in an arts-and-literature propaganda team; as a result, he grew up surrounded by musical instruments.{{Cite news|url=https://www.jiemian.com/article/1490554.html|title=唐朝乐队的前吉他手，如今提起了画笔|date=22 July 2017|work=界面}} He studied the erhu for two years during primary school. At the end of 1976, Liu got his first guitar.

Upon failing the cutoff for the gaokao by ten points, Liu realized that music was the only way he could make a living, and threw himself into practicing guitar up to fifteen hours a day. Liu's father, who initially disapproved of his son's career path, changed his mind after witnessing Liu's dedication, and agreed to support him.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/av28490444/|title=唐朝乐队早期采访|date=1992|website=Bilibili|access-date=4 August 2018}}

Around 1982 or 1983, Liu left Langfang and moved to Beijing, living in a house with fellow musician Liu Junli. There, he continued to practice guitar, working odd jobs to make ends meet. Liu lived in poverty for over four years, surviving on instant noodles and becoming hospitalized on at least one occasion due to malnutrition.

Liu formed a band called White Angel ({{zh|c=白天使乐队|p=Bái Tiānshǐ Yuèduì|s=|t=}}) in 1986 with Zang Tianshuo, Liu Junli, Feng Maintain, and Cheng Jin.{{Cite web|url=http://www.yaogun.com/artist/album/angel.htm|title=白天使楽隊|date=2000|website=中国摇滚}} The group released one album, Past Rock n' Roll ({{Lang-zh|c=过去的摇滚|s=|t=|p=Guòqù De Yáogǔn}}) in 1989, which sold a few hundred copies. White Angel disbanded later that year when Liu Junli left to play bass in Cui Jian's band. Liu briefly played in a group called Shixiao ({{Lang-zh|c=时效乐队|s=|t=|p=Shíxìao Yuèduì}}), a band set up to advertise a local travel agency of the same name. Shixiao featured future Tang Dynasty members Gu Zhong and Zhao Nian at various points.{{Cite web|url=http://www.yaogun.com/artist/1980s/shixiao.htm|title=時效楽隊|date=2000|website=中国摇滚}}

Soon after arriving in Beijing, Liu befriended future Tang Dynasty frontman Ding Wu. Having heard that Ding played guitar, Liu searched all over Beijing on a borrowed bicycle until he tracked down the latter teaching basic art at Beijing's No. 132 Secondary School.{{Cite web|url=http://www.qikan.com/article/493A7B4A-604C-4FFA-AAC0-F761F5CCAFE6|title=丁武：摇滚后的那些事儿|last=张|first=宁|website=北光人物}} This meeting would prove pivotal; after the Tiananmen Square protests forced founding Tang Dynasty guitarist Kaiser Kuo to flee China, Ding Wu invited Liu to replace him.{{Cite book|title="A Dream Return to Tang Dynasty": Masculinity, Male Camaraderie, and Chinese Heavy Metal in the 1990s.|last=Wong|first=Cynthia|work=Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music Around the World|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0822347330|location=Durham, United States|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/metalrulesglobeh00wall}}

{{Main|Tang Dynasty (band)}}

Liu joined Tang Dynasty in October 1989. In 1990, the band signed with Magic Stone Records, which launched a multinational marketing campaign to promote the band. Tang Dynasty quickly attracted international attention. In 1992, Spin magazine labeled Liu "hands-down the best guitarist in China"{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Andrew|date=October 1992|title=Beijing Bastards|journal=Spin|volume=8| issue = 7}} – an assessment often repeated by Chinese rock fans and journalists. The band's self-titled debut album was released internationally in December 1992, and cemented Tang Dynasty's place in history as one of China's most influential rock bands. Liu's "lightning-fast"{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinamusicgroup.com/cmg_artist_details.php?artist_id=3685|title=Tang Dynasty|website=China Music Group}} guitar work was central to the band's sound, which combined Western metal and progressive rock with overt influences from Chinese literary, martial, and musical traditions. Over the next three years, Tang Dynasty toured China, as well as overseas in Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong.{{Cite web|url=http://tangchao.ent.163.com/case/|title=唐朝乐队大事记|date=2008|website=唐朝乐队 官方网站|access-date=8 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826114940/http://tangchao.ent.163.com/case/|archive-date=26 August 2018|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.guitarchina.com/5/club.htm|title=老五教室|date=2006|website=Guitar China}}

However, Liu eventually became dissatisfied with the band's music, feeling that it was "too Westernized" and "lacked originality".{{Cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2015-04/20/content_20483890.htm|title=Liu Yijun's journey from guitar strings to painting show|last=Chen|first=Nan|date=29 April 2015}} While Tang Dynasty were writing their second album, he stopped playing guitar for about six months, leading his bandmates to think Liu had lost his mind. The death of bassist Zhang Ju in May 1995 dealt a severe blow to the band. Liu subsequently developed personal and artistic conflicts with Ding Wu, who asked him to leave Tang Dynasty in August 1996.{{Cite book|title=Snapshot: China's Rock Pioneers – Ten Years Later|last=Wong|first=Cynthia|work=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: East Asia: China, Japan, and Korea|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|isbn=1351544292|location=London, UK}}

After leaving Tang Dynasty, Liu remained active as a guitar teacher. His first solo album, 1997's Walking in the Fog ({{Lang-zh|c=雾中行集|s=|t=|p=Wù Zhōng Xíng Jí}}), featured appearances from several of his students. The title track and "Dance" (舞) were featured on the compilation China Fire III, released in 1998. Liu released his second solo album, Return Again ({{Lang-zh|c=再渡归来|s=|t=|p=Zài Dù Guī Lái}}) in 1999. The music was largely instrumental and folk-oriented. Both albums were released under the moniker "唐朝老五" ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=|t=|p=Tángcháo Lǎo Wǔ|l=}}; lit. "Tang Dynasty's Old Five").{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} In 2000, he helped establish the School of Modern Culture and Art ({{Lang-zh|c=新时空文化艺术学校|s=|t=|p=Xīn Shíkōng Wénhuà Yìshù Xuéxiào}}), a contemporary music school in Beijing, where he served as principal. Liu formed a solo band which performed sporadically throughout 2001, but disbanded the group at the end of the year.

Liu rejoined Tang Dynasty at the beginning of 2002, sharing lead guitar duties with guitarist Chen Lei. Tang Dynasty's third album, Romantic Knight, was released on 13 June 2008. The album showcased deeper Chinese musical influences than had been on the group's earlier releases.{{Cite web|url=http://www.yaogun.com/artist/tangchao/tangchao_album3.htm|title=浪漫骑士|date=2009|website=中国摇滚}} In a 2007 interview with Culture Express, Liu explained that "each member tries to cultivate himself in traditional Chinese culture by reading ancient poetry, playing the guqin, practicing calligraphy, and painting. Without these elements absorbed by the heart and soul, everything would be superficial".{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGUtUmQeTus |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/nGUtUmQeTus |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Tang Dynasty Band for 2008 New Album Ethnic Prog Art Rock|last=Ji|first=Xiaojun|date=2007|work=Culture Express}}{{cbignore}} The album sold around 50,000 copies within the first three to four months of release.

On 16 January 2009, Liu announced his second departure from Tang Dynasty due to "personal reasons" and "in cooperation with the idea of music with the band."{{Cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2009-01-16/15362346114.shtml|title=唐朝乐队发公告宣布老五刘义军离队|date=16 January 2009|website=新郎音乐}} The same year, he collaborated with Sainkho Namtchylak on an unreleased album.{{Cite web|url=http://www.tangchaolaowu.com/page/2511/|title=发展历程 / Development History|date=2015|website=tangchaolaowu.com}}

Liu composed the soundtrack for the 2012 drama film Beijing Flickers ({{Lang-zh|c=有种|s=|t=|p=Yǒu Zhǒng}}), directed by Zhang Yuan.

Liu continues to give solo performances under the name "唐朝老五". In 2012, he joined Liu Sola and Friends, a musical collective which combines Chinese folk music with American jazz and blues.

Liu took up painting around 1992. He works primarily with pencils, ballpoint pens, and ink brushes. In 2015, he opened his first solo exhibit, which contained over thirty paintings dating back as far as 1993. Liu augmented the exhibition by playing a sounding stone during the event. On working within two mediums – art and music – Liu states "I don't belong to rock and roll and I don't belong to art. I belong to my own nature, and I am satisfied if I can mold it into something beautiful."

Liu is considered to be one of China's first shredders,{{Cite web|url=http://www.smartbeijing.com/articles/community/beijing-ren-kaiser-kuo|title=Sex, drugs, and Rush tapes: an extended conversation with musician, writer, Baidu.com evangelist Kaiser Kuo.|last=Feola|first=Josh|date=18 January 2013|website=Smart Beijing|access-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142236/http://www.smartbeijing.com/articles/community/beijing-ren-kaiser-kuo|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=dead}} and his style was a defining aspect of Tang Dynasty's influential sound. Andrew Jones, in his writeup for Spin, noted that Liu could "wrench new sounds out of his instrument that have the power to shock with their strange beauty", while Black Panther guitarist Li Tong described Liu's playing as "ferocious" and "full of power". A saying among contemporary Chinese rock circles went "the South has Laozai, the North has Laowu" – with "Laozai" referring to Zhejiang-born guitarist Wu Liqun. Liu's early influences include Eddie Van Halen, Steve Vai, Michael Angelo Batio, Yngwie Malmsteen, Queensrÿche, and King Crimson. He has played with Marty Friedman, Paul Gilbert, and Stu Hamm.

As time went on, Liu's playing became increasingly influenced by Chinese folk styles, which can be heard in both Tang Dynasty's music and his own solo compositions. He often employs a technique that involved him strumming with his thumb and index finger while using the remaining three fingers to pluck the strings – an approach similar to hybrid picking. His solo work heavily utilizes the acoustic guitar, on which he often takes a guqin-inspired approach, and incorporates extended techniques such as tapped harmonics and drumming on the guitar's body.{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7YolRQHOgE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/v7YolRQHOgE |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Liu Yijun: Guitar Is My Life|website=YouTube |date=4 June 2016}}{{cbignore}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.guitarchina.com/news/gc/gc02/c_20020311/old_004556.htm|title=吉他中国专访中国第一代摇滚杰出吉他手刘义君（唐朝老五）|date=11 March 2002|website=吉它中国}} Liu was notably one of the first guitarists in China to make use of a seven-string guitar, which can be heard in his solo work. As early as 1992, Liu expressed a desire to "come up with something that goes beyond the boundaries" through reconnecting with Chinese musical traditions. He stated that "[Modern] Chinese culture has never lived up to the tradition because it's been ruined by all the Western influence. We have to get back to our roots...that's what the mission of [Chinese rock] should be about."{{Cite book|title=Marx or Market|last=de Kloet|first=Jeroen|work=Multiple Modernities: Cinemas and Popular Media in Transcultural East Asia|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2003|isbn=1566399866|location=Philadelphia, US}}

On 3 July 2004, Liu married Chen Xiaomu, his longtime girlfriend of 11 years.{{Cite news|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/2004-07-05/1053434854.html|title=结束11年的爱情长跑 "唐朝老五"结婚了|date=5 July 2004|work=Sina Entertainment}}

A full list of Liu's credits can be found [http://www.yaogun.com/artist/tangchao/member/laowu.htm here:]

• 1992 – 唐朝 (Tang Dynasty)
• 2008 – 浪漫骑士 (Romantic Knight)

• 1997 – 雾中行集 (Walking in the Fog) – tracks: "舞"; "雾中行"
• 1998 – 再度归来 (Return Again)

• 1989 (reissued 1995) – 过去的摇滚 (Past Rock n' Roll)

• 1991 – 流浪 (Wandering)

• 1994 – 垃圾场 (Garbage Dump)

• 1996 – 往生 (Samsara) – tracks: "招魂"

• 1995 – 告别的摇滚 (A Tribute to Teresa Teng) – tracks: "独上西楼"
• 1997 – 再见张炬 (Goodbye Zhang Ju) – tracks: "那一天"; "活在你的梦里"; "我的睫毛都快被吹掉了"; "月梦"; "愛和自由的翅膀－喜馬拉雅之旅"
• 2005 – 礼物 (Gift) – tracks: "礼物"; "春蚕"

• 2012 – 有种 (Beijing Flickers)

• Chinese rock

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Category:1962 births

Category:Living people

Category:Chinese guitarists

Category:Chinese rock musicians

Category:Chinese heavy metal guitarists

Category:20th-century Chinese musicians

Category:Musicians from Tianjin