Liuboml

Liuboml is situated {{convert|200|mi}} southeast of Warsaw and {{convert|290|mi}} west of Kyiv, in a historic region known as Volhynia; not far from the border with Belarus to the north, and Poland to the west. Because of its strategic location at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe, Liuboml had a long history of changing rule, dating back to the 11th century. The territory of Volhynia first belonged to Kyivan Rus', then to the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Russian Empire, interwar Poland, the USSR, and finally to sovereign Ukraine.{{cite web | url=http://www.luboml.org/luboml.htm | title=Luboml | publisher=Minneapolis Jewish Community Center | work= Remembering Luboml — Images of a Jewish Community | date=1999 | accessdate=17 September 2015 | author=the Luboml exhibit | at=Homepage}}

File:Синагога м. Любомль.jpg, historic photograph]]

The settlement was first mentioned in written documents from the 13th century.Любомль // Советский энциклопедический словарь. редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 4-е изд. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1986. стр.734

The 4th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in Luboml in 1794.{{cite book|last=Gembarzewski|first=Bronisław|title=Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831|year=1925|language=pl|publisher=Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej|location=Warszawa|page=27}}

During the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Luboml was annexed by Imperial Russia, within which it was located in Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd of Volhynia Governorate until the Russian Revolution of 1917. From 1921 to September 1939 it was an administrative centre of an urban county in the Wołyń Voivodeship of Poland.

A local newspaper is published here since 1939.№ 2640. Советская жизнь // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986—1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр. 346

Before the ensuing Holocaust, Luboml was a town with the highest percentage of Jews anywhere in the country by 1931, exceeding 94% of the total population of over 3,300 people.{{cite book|url=http://www.igipz.pan.pl/wydaw/Monografie_5/rozdz8.pdf |title=Distribution of Jewish population (by religion) in Poland in 1921 and 1931 |publisher=Polish Academy of Sciences |work=Język, narodowość, wyznanie |date=2005 |location=Warsaw |accessdate=17 September 2015 |author=Andrzej Gawryszewski |at=282 (44/80 in PDF) |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122200031/http://www.igipz.pan.pl/wydaw/Monografie_5/rozdz8.pdf |archivedate=22 November 2009 }}

In Yiddish, the town was called Libivne. During World War II, Liuboml was occupied twice. It remained under the German occupation from 25 June 1941 until 19 July 1944 in the years following the anti-Soviet Operation Barbarossa. It was administered as a part of the Nazi German Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The entire Jewish community of Liuboml was annihilated in a mass shooting action conducted in 1942 on the outskirts of town in the deadliest phase of the Holocaust. The town's Jews along with refugees from western Poland estimated at around 4,500 people, were taken by the German Einsatzgruppen aided by the local Ukrainian collaborators and Auxiliary Police to nearby pits and shot. There were 51 known survivors from the virtually eradicated town. Liuboml was repopulated during the postwar repatriations.{{cite web | url=http://www.jta.org/2006/04/26/archive/u-s-students-discover-holocaust-through-short-stories-of-polish-shtetl | title=U.S. Students Discover Holocaust Through Short Stories of Polish Shtetl | publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency | date=April 26, 2006 | location=JTA | accessdate=17 September 2015 | author=Florida Chapter of the American Society for Yad Vashem}}

In January 1989 the population was 10,124 people.[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу]Любомль // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.736

The town's landmarks include St. George's Church, built in the 16th century in place of a 13th-century Orthodox church which previously occupied the site, and the Trinity Church, which goes back to 1412, but was subsequently rebuilt, with a belfry from 1640. Prior to the Second World War, the grand synagogue was a dominant landmark as well, before its meticulous destruction.

File:Luboml'_Gorodysche Zamchysche 02 (YDS_7186).jpg|Site of Ancient Settlement with the castle hill and fosse (“Fossia”) in the city centre, 13th–13th centuries

File: Luboml'_Gorodysche Zamchysche 01 (YDS_7181).jpg|Sign of Ancient Settlement of 13th–14th centuries in the city centre

File:Liuboml Volynska-archeological site Gord-Settlement-first&second.jpg|Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, X cent.

File:Liuboml Volynska-archeological site Gord-Settlement-first sign-2.jpg|Sign of Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, 10th century

File:Luboml' Georgiyivs'ka Tserkva 03 (YDS 7223).jpg|Saint George Church (1264), entrance view

File:Luboml' Georgiyivs'ka Tserkva 01 (YDS 7179).jpg|Saint George Church (1264), side view

File:Church of the Holy Trinity in Lyuboml with bell tower 2.JPG|Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412) with bell tower (1764), complex

File:Catholic church in Lyuboml. View from south side.JPG |Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412), side view

File:The bell tower of the church of the Holy Trinity in Lyuboml.JPG|Bell Tower (1764) of Kostel of the Holy Trinity, entrance view

File:Luboml' Tserkva Rizdva Bogorodytsi 01 (YDS 7208).jpg|Nativity of Virgin Mary Church (wooden, 1884)

File:Luboml' Tserkva Rizdva Bogorodytsi 03 (YDS 7211).jpg|Nativity of Virgin Mary Church, entrance view

File:Luboml' Palats Branyts;kyh 01 (YDS 7241).jpg|Palace of polish counts Branicki (2nd half of XVIII cent)

File: Luboml' Palats Branyts'kyh 03 (YDS 7238).jpg|Palace of polish counts Branicki, back view

File:Синагога м. Любомль.jpg|Great Synagogue (1510) ruined in 1947

File:Luboml' Zabudova Tsentral'noui Ploschi 01 (YDS 7221).jpg|Historical central square buildings (faced)

File:Luboml' Zabudova Tsentral'noui Ploschi 02 (YDS 7222).jpg|Historical market place buildings

File:Пам’ятник Б. Хмельницькому у м. Любомль.JPG|Statue of Bohdan Khmelnytskiy

• Luboml: My Heart Remembers, a documentary film that describes Jewish life in Liuboml between the two World Wars and mourns the town's Jewish population, lost during World War II.
• Sonia Orbuch A Jewish resistance fighter from Luboml.

{{commons category|Liuboml}}

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.luboml.org Luboml.org] website in remembrance of the vanished Jewish community.

{{Volyn Oblast}}

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Category:Cities in Volyn Oblast

Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine

Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine

Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine

Category:Kovel Raion