Llanerchaeron

{{Infobox historic site

| name = Llanerchaeron

| other_name = Llanayron House

| image = Llanacheron.JPG

| caption =

| type = House

| locmapin = Wales

| map_relief = yes

| coordinates = {{coord|52.21833|-4.22472|display=inline,title}}

| location = Aberaeron, Ceredigion

| area =

| built = 1790s

| rebuilt =

| architect = John Nash

| architecture = Regency villa

| governing_body =

| owner = National Trust

| designation1 = Grade I listed building

| designation1_offname = Llanerchaeron (previously listed as Llanaeron House)

| designation1_date = 1964

| designation1_number = 10715[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-10715 Llanerchaeron] at British Listed Buildings (unofficial website)

| designation2 =

| designation2_offname =

| designation2_date =

| designation2_number =

}}

File:LlaBrew2120.jpg

Llanerchaeron, {{audio|Cy-Llanerchaeron.ogg|pronunciation}} known as "LlanayronAnglicised spelling from the Welsh "Llannerch Aeron" as used in 19th-century public records. Many variant spellings of this place name have been used. House" to its nineteenth-century occupants, is a grade I listed mansion on the River Aeron, designed and built in 1795 by John Nash for Major (later Colonel) William Lewis as a model self-sufficient farm complex located near Ciliau Aeron, some {{frac|2|1|2}} miles south-east of Aberaeron, Ceredigion, Wales. There is evidence that the house replaced an earlier mansion. A later owner, William Lewes, was the husband of Colonel Lewis's inheriting daughter."John and Eliza were the children of William Lewis and Corbetta Williama Powell. The estate passed to Eliza, who married William Lewes and it was their great-grandson John Powell Ponsonby Lewes who left the estate to the National Trust in 1989". – From the Coflein 'Heritage assessment' available in External links below.

The estate is now in the care of the National Trust. The gardens and the parkland are listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. The neighbouring parish church of St Non – also redesigned by Nash – has registers of baptisms and burials dating from 1730 and marriages from 1754.Kelly's Directory, South Wales 1895, cited at [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/CGN/LlannerchAeron/Kellys1895.html GENUKI: Llannerch Aeron - Kelly's Directory 1895]

Service facilities

Much of the historical value derives from the indifference shown by past owners to the farm and outbuildings, which were allowed to remain unimproved and generally untouched with no attempt to demolish or renovate them. As a result it is easy to see and infer exactly where and how essential tasks were performed, often aided by advanced technology, including electricity generated by a water-wheel.

The service facilities include a large laundry and linen-care room, spaces for brewing, butter and cheese making, preparation and salting or smoking of meat and fish, preservation of fruits and vegetables, and a full range of crafts. The estate employed carpenters and a full-time stonemason who designed and built whole buildings as well as overseeing the construction of walls, drying platforms, and other farm requisites.

Walled gardens

File:Llanerch garden.jpg

Llanerchaeron's walled gardens are home to dozens of veteran fruit trees, some 200 years old, which are part of the working farm's ongoing organic production. These trees are also important hosts for all kinds of insects, mosses and lichens, and, coupled with the traditional vegetable and herbaceous flower beds, they are a significant wildlife habitat.[http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chl/w-countryside_environment/w-nature/w-nature-orchards-spring.htm Orchard wildlife] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908233945/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chl/w-countryside_environment/w-nature/w-nature-orchards-spring.htm |date=2009-09-08 }} National Trust webpage The gardens and the parkland are designated Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.{{NHAW|uid=114|num=PGW(Dy)51(CER)|desc=Llanerchaeron|class=HPG|access-date=14 February 2023}}

Public access

The estate's former tenant farmland has now mostly been sold but the house and a considerable area of farm, garden, and parkland are opened to the public at limited hours for most of the year, but pre-booking is recommended, especially at busier times such as weekends and bank holidays.[https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/place-pages/208/pages/opening-times-calendar National Trust website] The Dylan Thomas Trail also passes the estate.

=2010 eisteddfod=

Llanerchaeron estate played host to some 100,000 visitors during the 2010 youth cultural festival, the Urdd National Eisteddfod, held between 31 May and 5 June 2010. This compared with the normal attendance rate of about 35,000 visitors annually.[http://www.urdd.org/eisteddfod/cambrian/2009-10-07+Ymddiriedolaeth_Genedlaethol_Llanerchaeron.pdf Llanerchaeron prepares to welcome Urdd National Eisteddfod] Press publicity column

;Archaeological find

Work in preparation for the eisteddfod was temporarily halted by the discovery of medieval relics below the ground.[http://www.lamp.ac.uk/news/press_releases/2010/dig-with-a-difference.htm Dig With a Difference at Urdd Eisteddfod Site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611221858/http://www.lamp.ac.uk/news/press_releases/2010/dig-with-a-difference.htm |date=2011-06-11 }} at University of Lampeter This tallied with established knowledge of a large medieval settlement. (See reference below.) There were also anxieties over the possibility of disturbing the habitat of otters.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/mid_/8634384.stm Otters pose parking threat at Urdd national eisteddfod] BBC News, 21 April 2010

St Non Church

File:StNon LAeron.jpg

File:Llanerchaeron Coachman's Cottage.jpg, who probably remodelled the church]]

The parish church of Llannerchaeron dates back to at least 1284 in the reign of Edward I, when there was a large medieval village in the adjoining parkland which seems to have been deserted around 1500.Mair Lloyd Evans St Non Church Llannerch Aeron in the Diocese of St David, official 12-page booklet, c. 2008[http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-ar3_s_wal.pdf National Trust Annual Archaeological Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907024143/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-ar3_s_wal.pdf |date=2008-09-07 }} (2000-2001), at p. 59 relates that limited magnetometry and excavation [immediately around the church] produced evidence for "thirteenth and fourteenth-century domestic occupation and industrial activity on this site." The cost of the church's remodelling (forty pounds) was met by parishioners, underwritten by Major Lewis. There is no documentation to prove the work was designed by John Nash but it was discussed by a minuted public vestry meeting in 1796, within a year of the completion of Llanayron House. Nash is known to have at least aided design of other peripheral buildings, a minister's house and a coachman's house not far from the church. The internal restoration of the church was paid for in 1878 by Mary Ashby Lewis, the daughter-in-law of William Lewis, who was widowed for 62 years and died in 1917 aged 104. When her husband John had been interred in the family vault on 13 July 1855, it was diaried by an Aberaeron chemist that "There were nine other coffins there; some had been there over 100 years". Since the 1920 disestablishment, the church belongs to the Church in Wales.

Footnotes

=Principal sources=

Evans N, The Llanerchaeron Estate; The built environments, building descriptions and evaluations (1998): unpublished document, National Trust
Laidlaw R & Palmer C Historic park and garden survey, Llanerchaeron (1998): unpublished document, National Trust
Lloyd T, Untitled paper (1990): with Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments, Cardiff
Tithe Award Survey and Schedule of Apportionments (1839): National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth.
Evans Mair Lloyd Llanerchaeron, a tale of 10 generations 1634-1989 (1996).
{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-10715-llanerchaeron-including-rear-service-cour/photos|title= Llanerchaeron, including rear Service Courtyard Ranges (previously listed as Llanaeron House), Ciliau Aeron|publisher= British Listed Buildings|access-date= 23 August 2014}}

External links

[https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/llanerchaeron Llanerchaeron information at the National Trust]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20120219104750/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG168/ Heritage assessment] Ten detailed pages by an unnamed assessor for the [http://www.coflein.gov.uk|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales] (Coflein)
[http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/3024/images/LLANAERON%3B+LLANERCHAERON+HOUSE/ Online images of the house] at Coflein
[http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/408706/details/LLANERCHAERON+DESERTED+MEDIEVAL+SETTLEMENT/ Llanerchaeron deserted medieval settlement] at Coflein
[http://www.gardens-wales.co.uk/ Gardens of Wales] Contains description and photo of Llanerchaeron Gardens

Category:Houses in Ceredigion

Category:Museums in Ceredigion

Category:Country houses in Ceredigion

Category:Gardens in Wales

Category:Historic house museums in Wales

Category:National Trust properties in Wales

Category:Agriculture museums in the United Kingdom

Category:Grade I listed buildings in Ceredigion

Category:Registered historic parks and gardens in Ceredigion

Category:Houses completed in 1795