Lloyd Triestino
File:LLoyd Triestino 2007-12.jpg and the Trieste seafront. The building displays the name "Lloyd Triestino" below the emblem.]]
Lloyd Triestino was a major shipping company, created in 1919 when the city of Trieste became part of Italy in the settlement after the First World War. It ran passenger services on ocean liners around the world. Seriously harmed by Second World War, in which it lost 68 ships, it recovered to run passenger services with new ships on routes as far as Australia. In 2006, with the business by then mainly container freight, the company's name was changed to Italia Marittima.
Background
{{main|Österreichischer Lloyd}}
The company was founded as Österreichischer Lloyd (also called Lloyd Austriaco{{cite web |title=Lloyd Austriaco |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG182535 |publisher=British Museum |access-date=12 March 2023}} or "Austrian Lloyd") as an insurance company in 1833. In 1836 the company went into shipping. It became one of the world's biggest shipping companies by managing most of Austria-Hungary's overseas trade and passenger travel until 1918. It ran regular services from Trieste to the Near East, India, China and the Far East, Brazil, the US and Northern Europe. It was one of the first companies to use steamships.{{cite book |last1=Barbano |first1=Matteo |editor1=Apostolos Delis |editor2=Jordi Ibarz |editor3=Anna Sydorenko |editor4=Matteo Barbano |title=Mediterranean Seafarers in Transition: Maritime Labour, Communities, Shipping and the Challenge of Industrialization 1850s — 1920s |date=2023 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-51419-5 |pages=447–477 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004514195/BP000026.xml |chapter=15. Steamers for the Empire: Austrian Lloyd and the Transition from Sail to Steam in the Austrian Merchant Marine (1836–1914) |chapter-url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004514195/BP000026.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312132948/https://brill.com/display/book/9789004514195/BP000026.xml |archive-date=12 March 2023 }}
Company
= Between the wars =
File:SS Duilio.jpg (maiden voyage 1923), chartered from Italian Line 1933, acquired 1936, one of Lloyd Triestino's largest ships of the period, at 24,881 GRT]]
Österreichischer Lloyd's name was changed to Lloyd Triestino in 1919, when Trieste became a part of Italy.{{cite web |title=Lloyd Triestino / Società di Navigazione Lloyd Triestino / Società Anonima di Navigazione Lloyd Triestino / (from 1936) Lloyd Triestino di Navigazione SpA |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/lloydtriestino.shtml |website=The Ships List |access-date=27 April 2022}} At that time, the company faced major restructuring to recover losses incurred during World War I. During this period (1919/21), special chartered sea voyages were undertaken, covering Asia, Africa and Oceania, with very distinguished passengers on board, in parallel with the delayed founding of the League of Nations.{{cite book |last=Goldschmidt |first=Victor M & Leontine |title=WeltReisen fuer Kultur und Frieden |date=1922 |publisher=VolkerKunde Museum, Verlag Lambert Schneider |location=Heidelberg |pages=7-27}} By the end of the 1930s, Lloyd Triestino, with its offshoot Italia di Navigazione, was once again a major world shipping power, owning a fleet of 85 vessels with 17 services to east Africa,{{cite web |title=Marittima Italiana: Bombay Line |work=World Digital Library|access-date=12 March 2023 |date=1936 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/13046/ }} southern Africa, Asia, and Australia.{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/italia.shtml |last1=Swiggum |first1=Susan |last2=Kohli |first2=Marjorie |title=Società Italia Flotte Riuniti / Italia Società Anonima di Navigazione |work=TheShipsList |date=3 February 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116003508/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/italia.shtml |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}
File:Four kinds of fish-knife for First Class Lloyd Triestino passengers.jpg|Four kinds of fish knife for passengers on SS Victoria, 1931
File:Cocktail service for Lloyd Triestino passengers.jpg|Cocktail service for passengers on SS Victoria, 1931
= Second World War and after =
The company was crippled by the devastation of the Second World War, losing 68 ships and 1,000 sailors, including one of its most recent and famous ship, the MS Victoria which was sunk in January 1942 by British torpedoes off the coast of Libya.{{cite web | url=https://derbysulzers.com/shipvictorialt.html | title=Victoria sulzer powered ships }} At the end, they were reduced to a fleet of just five ships, and were again faced with a massive recovery operation.
In 1950, Lloyd Triestino launched three 13,140 GRT ocean-going passenger liners for its service to Australia: the Australia, the Oceania, and the Neptunia. All three were moved to the Italian Line in 1963, replaced by two new liners, the Guglielmo Marconi and the Galileo Galilei, each twice the size of the "trio" ships at 27,905 GRT.{{cite web |title=The Lloyd Triestino Trio |url=https://museumsvictoria.com.au/article/the-lloyd-triestino-trio/ |publisher=Museums Victoria |access-date=27 April 2022}}
By 1956, the fleet had grown to 31 ships. A total of 199 ships were owned by Lloyd Triestino between 1919 and 2006.
File:SS Australia (1950) model Trieste Maritime Museum.jpg|SS Australia (1950), one of the "Lloyd Triestino trio" liners for the Australia route. Model in Trieste Maritime Museum.
File:Galileo Galilei - Gugliemo Marconi.jpg|SS Guglielmo Marconi, launched 1961, maiden voyage 1963, one of the two liners that replaced the trio in 1963.
''Sul Mare'' magazine
The illustrated travel magazine Sul Mare (Italian for 'On the Sea') was distributed on Lloyd's ships and other outlets from March 1925 to 1944, and revived after the Second World War; 148 issues were produced. Their covers were decorated with four-colour illustrations by Italian artists, many of them from Trieste, including {{ill|Giorgio Settala|it}}, {{ill|Vittorio Cocever|it}}, Gianni Brumatti, {{ill|Glauco Cambon|it}}}, Augusto Černigoj, Marcello Claris, Marcello Dudovich, Ugo Flumiani, {{ill|Giovanni Giordano Lanza|it}}, Lauro Laghi, {{ill|Piero Lucano|it}}, Guido Marussig, Argio Orell, and Antonio Quaiatti. The contents were written in Italian, French, English, and German.{{cite web |title='Sul Mare' |url=http://eng.lloydtrieste.it/route/sul-mare/ |website=Lloyd Trieste |access-date=27 April 2022}}{{cite web |title=Lloyd Triestino: Brochures and Folders |url=https://www.italianliners.com/lloyd-triestino-en |website=Italian Liners |access-date=27 April 2022}}
File:Sul Mare Venice Canal and Gondolas 1939 by Tonci Fantoni (1898-1943).jpg|Lloyd Triestino's Sul Mare magazine cover of Venice Canal and Gondolas 1939 by Tonci Fantoni (1898-1943)
File:Sul Mare Middle-east 1939 by Marcello Claris (1897-1949).jpg|Sul Mare magazine cover of Middle-east 1939 by Marcello Claris (1897-1949)
Partnership with Evergreen Marine
File:CSCL Saturn, Container Ships in Hamburg (10901085226).jpg
Lloyd Triestino entered into a partnership with Taiwanese shipping giant, Evergreen Marine, Corp., in 1993.{{cite web |title=Lloyd Triestino |work=The Ships List |access-date=2014-04-13 |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/lloydtriestino.shtml }}
The partnership grew over the years, until Evergreen bought Lloyd Triestino outright in 1998, running it in parallel to its other European affiliate, the British-based line Hatsu Marine, created in 2000.
Successor company
{{main|Italia Marittima}}
On March 1, 2006, Lloyd Triestino's name was changed to Italia Marittima. Ship names were changed from the prefix "LT" to "Ital" (e.g., LT Cortesia to Ital Contessa)."[http://www.italiamarittima.it Home]." Italia Marittima. Retrieved on September 21, 2011. "Sede legale: Passeggio S. Andrea, 4 - 34123 Trieste (IT)"