Lobor concentration camp

The Lobor concentration camp was established on 9 August 1941, mostly for Serb and Jewish children and women.{{harv|Goldstein|Lengel-Krizman|1997|p=97}}: "9 August 1941 - a camp was established in Loborgrad for about 1,700 women and children; "{{harv|Centre|1998|p=41}}: "Loborgrad was specifically designated for Serb and Jewish women and children;{{harv|Čulinović|1970|p=316}} The camp was established in the deserted palace of the Keglevich family.{{harv|Croatia|1990|p=95}} It was established, operated, and controlled by the Ustasha Surveillance Service subordinated to the Main Ustaša Headquarters and the guards were members of the German ethnic community (Volksdeutsche), 16 in total.{{harv|Croatia|1990|p=95}} The maximum capacity of this camp was 800 prisoners.{{harv|Croatia|1990|p=95}}

Because of the significant proportion of children among its prisoners, this camp was categorized as a children's concentration camp, along with Jablanac, Mlaka, Bročica brickyard, Uštica, Sisak, Jastrebarsko and Gornja Rijeka.{{harv|Bulajić|1988|p=257}}: "Dječji koncentracioni logori bili su u Loboru, Jablancu kod Jasenovca, u Mlaki kod Jasenovca, na ciglani Bročica kod Jasenovca, u Uštici, u Staroj Gradiški, u Sisku, u Jastrebarskom i u Gornjoj Rijeci u varaždinskom kotaru. " According to some sources, the total number of children held in concentration camps in Croatia in 1942 was at least 24,000.{{harv|Bulajić|1988|p=257}}: "Prema izjavama same djece nekim drugim podacima koje sam uspio prikupiti, izračunao sam da je u to vrijeme u 1942 godini bilo u tim logorima najmanje 24000 djece, a od tog broja mi smo dobili iz logora jedva polovinu." The first contingent of inmates numbering 1,300 people was transported to Lobor camp from Kruščica concentration camp.{{harv|Boban|1976|p=884}}: ".. kada stiže u Lobor prvi transport od 1300 osoba iz logora Krušćica" The number of women and children inmates in Lobor camp reached 1,500.{{harv|Miletić|1986|p=713}}: " Zatim da se u Lobor-gradu nalazilo 1.500 žena i dece," All younger female inmates of the Lobor camp were subjected to rapes by the commanding officers and guards,{{harv|Gerolymatos|2003|p=242}}: "In the Loborgrad camp, 1,500 Jewish women and girls were subjected to repeated rapes by the commandant and his guards." which resulted in pregnancies in girls as young as 14 years old.{{harv|Antonić|2001|p=345}} Besides systematic rapes, the inmates were subjected to torture, robbery and murder of "undisciplined" individuals.{{harv|Centre|1998|p=41}}: "in addition to robbery, torture and rape, individual killings of 'undisciplined' inmates were carried out" there." At least 200 women and children died in Lobor camp.{{harv|Goldstein|Lengel-Krizman|1997|p=97}}: "9 August 1941 - a camp was established in Loborgrad for about 1,700 women and children; over 200 people died in the camp," There was no mass killing of inmates in Lobor but 150 inmates died because of typhoid epidemy.{{harv|Bauer|1981|p=281}}

Around 2,000 Jewish women and children were inmates of this concentration camp during its existence.{{harv|Premerl|1988|p=218}}: "....koncentracioni logor u Lobor-gradu, kroz koji je prošlo oko 2000 židovskih žena i djece...." In the period between 13 and 28 August 1942 all children and women that survived were transported to Auschwitz concentration camp where they all were killed.{{harv|Institut|1988|p=162}}: "... dok su žene i djeca iz logora Loborgrad u kolovozu 1942. prebačeni u logor Auschwitz, gdje su svi likvidirani."{{harv|Skolnik|Berenbaum|2007|p=414}}: "A year later, the Loborgrad camp suffered a similar fate, and those who had survived the first year were now..."{{harv|Goldstein|Lengel-Krizman|1997|p=97}}: " between 13 and 28 August 1942 the survivors were handed over to the Germans and taken to Auschwitz."

In 2002 the Home for Mentally ill Adults Lobor-Grad was established at the location which housed the camp. According to its website, during the World War II its building was the almshouse of The Society for the Suppression of begging and supporting sick.{{Cite web|url=http://www.lobor-grad.hr/POVIJEST%20DOMA.html |title=Povijest Doma |website=www.lobor-grad.hr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425090630/http://www.lobor-grad.hr/POVIJEST%20DOMA.html |archive-date=2017-04-25 |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-02-05 }}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin|20em}}

• {{cite book|last=Premerl|first=Nada|title=Židovi na tlu Jugoslavije: Muzejski prostor Zagreb, 14.IV.-12.VI.1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4QYAAAAYAAJ|year=1988|publisher=MTM}}
• {{cite book|last=Boban|first=Ljubo|title=Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zEwDAAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Zajednica općina memorijalnog područja Kalnik}}
• {{cite book|last=Bulajić|first=Milan|title=Ustaški zločini genocida i suđenje Andriji Artukoviću 1986. godine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FnzAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Rad|isbn=9788609001475}}
• {{Cite book|last=Bulajić|first=Milan|author-link=Milan Bulajić|title=The Role of the Vatican in the break-up of the Yugoslav State: The Mission of the Vatican in the Independent State of Croatia|series=Ustashi Crimes of Genocide|year=1994|location=Belgrade|publisher=Stručna knjiga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GS4_OgAACAAJ}}
• {{Cite book|last=Bulajić|first=Milan|author-link=Milan Bulajić|title=Jasenovac: The Jewish-Serbian Holocaust (the role of the Vatican) in Nazi-Ustasha Croatia (1941-1945)|year=2002|location=Belgrade|publisher=Fund for Genocide Research, Stručna knjiga|isbn=9788641902211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgJnAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last=Čulinović|first=Ferdo|title=Okupatorska podjela Jugoslavije|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CjkBAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Vojnoizdavački}}
• {{cite book|last=Miletić|first=Antun|title=Koncentracioni logor Jasenovac 1941-1945: dokumenta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SaOEAAAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Narodna knjiga|isbn=9788633100250}}
• {{cite book|last=Institut|title=Historical contributions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jK9QAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Institut}}
• {{cite book|last=Jelić-Butić|first=Fikreta|title=Ustaše i Nezavisna Država Hrvatska: 1941-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5tnAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Sveučiliǎna naklada Liber; Školska knjiga}}
• {{cite book|last=Croatia|title=Časopis za suvremenu povijest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cplpAAAAMAAJ|year=1990}}
• {{cite book|last=Antonić|first=Zdravko|title=Dokumenta o genocidu nad Srbima u Bosni i Herzegovini od aprila do avgusta 1941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQAiAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Republike Srpske}}
• {{cite book|last=Gerolymatos|first=Andre|title=The Balkan Wars: Conquest, Revolution, and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond|url=https://archive.org/details/balkanwarsconque0000gero|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/balkanwarsconque0000gero/page/242 242]|date=20 March 2003|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-02732-3}}
• {{cite book|last1=Skolnik|first1=Fred|last2=Berenbaum|first2=Michael|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkAOAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|isbn=978-0-02-865949-7}}
• {{cite book|last=Centre|title=Jews in Eastern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUwuAQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=The Centre}}
• {{cite book|last1=Goldstein|first1=Ivo|last2=Lengel-Krizman|first2=Narcisa|title=Anti-semitism, Holocaust, anti-Fascism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbQwAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Jewish Community|isbn=978-953-96836-1-8}}
• {{cite book|last=Bauer|first=Yehuda|title=American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOd3rLul-LcC&pg=PA281|year=1981|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=0-8143-1672-7}}

{{refend}}

• {{cite book|last=Švob|first=Melita|title=Jews in Croatia: Jewish communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNg7AAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Izvori|isbn=978-953-203-181-2}}

{{Concentration camps in Independent State of Croatia}}

{{The Holocaust}}

{{Genocide of Serbs}}

{{Serbian minority institutions and organizations in Croatia}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lobor, concentration camp}}

Category:Concentration camps of the Independent State of Croatia

Category:Jewish Croatian history

Category:The Holocaust in Yugoslavia

Category:History of the Serbs of Croatia