Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call
{{short description|Communications jamming aircraft version of the C-130H Hercules}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = EC-130H Compass Call
| image = File:73-1580 Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call (framed).jpg
| caption = An EC-130H Compass Call departs Davis-Monthan AFB
| type = Electronic warfare (EW), Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD), offensive counter-information
| manufacturer = Lockheed (airframe)
BAE Systems (prime mission equipment)
L3 Communications (aircraft integration and depot maintenance)
| designer =
| first_flight = 1981
| introduction = 1983 (IOC)
| retired =
| status = 7 in service (2023)
| primary_user = United States Air Force
| more_users =
| produced =
| number_built = 14 (USAF)
| unit cost = $165 million
| developed_from= Lockheed C-130 Hercules
| variants =
}}
The EC-130H Compass Call is an electronic attack aircraft flown by the United States Air Force. Based on the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, the aircraft is heavily modified to disrupt enemy command and control communications, perform offensive counterinformation operations, and carry out other kinds of electronic attacks. Planned upgrades will add the ability to attack early warning and acquisition radars.{{cite web | url = https://www.acc.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/199187/ec-130h-compass-call/ | title = EC-130H COMPASS CALL > Air Combat Command > Display | access-date = 13 January 2018 | publisher = Air Combat Command, Public Affairs Office }} Based at Davis-Monthan AFB in Arizona, EC-130Hs can be deployed worldwide at short notice to support U.S. and allied strategic and tactical air, surface, and special operations forces.
The EC-130H is one of the three main U.S. electronic warfare aircraft, along with the Boeing EA-18G Growler, and F-16CJ Fighting Falcon, all of which can suppress enemy air defenses while jamming communications, radar, and command-and-control targets.{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104550/ec-130h-compass-call/|access-date=8 March 2020|title=EC-130H Compass Call|work=Air Force }}
In September 2017, the Air Force announced that L3 Technologies will serve as the lead systems integrator for a future Compass Call aircraft based on the Gulfstream G550 business jet.{{cite web | url = http://www.defensenews.com/air/2017/09/08/l3-gets-compass-call-contract-names-gulfstream-as-airframe-provider/ | date = 8 September 2017 | title = L3 gets Compass Call contract, names Gulfstream as airframe provider | first = Valerie | last = Insinna | work = Defense News | publisher = Sightline Media Group}} The new Compass Call platform was designated as EA-37B by Air Combat Command on November 14, 2023.{{cite web |title= EC-37B Mission Design Series designation change to EA-37B |url=https://www.acc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3588046/ec-37b-mission-design-series-designation-change-to-ea-37b/ |website=Air Combat Command |date=14 November 2023 |access-date=22 November 2023}}{{cite web |last1=Tirpak |first1=John A. |title=New EC-37B Gets a Designation Change to EA-37B |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/new-ec-37b-designation-change-ea-37b/ |website=Air & Space Forces Magazine |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=22 November 2023}} The EC-130H is based on the C-130 Hercules, which is a mid-sized four turboprop engine military transport originally developed in the 1950s, but has been upgraded many times and been the basis for many specialized versions including for electronic warfare. (see Lockheed EC-130)
Design
= Crew =
The EC-130H aircraft carries a combat crew of 13 people. Four members handle aircraft flight and navigation (aircraft commander, co-pilot, navigator, and flight engineer), while nine members operate and employ the EA mission equipment permanently integrated into the cargo/mission compartment. The mission crew includes the mission crew commander (electronic warfare officer), weapon system officer (electronic warfare officer), mission crew supervisor (an experienced cryptologic linguist), four analysis operators (linguists), one acquisition operator, and an airborne maintenance technician.{{cite web|title=Factsheets : EC-130H Compass Call |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=190 |publisher=United States Air Force |date=5 November 2010 |access-date=25 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720200900/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=190 |archive-date=20 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}
= Aircraft =
The EC-130H fleet is composed of a mix of Baseline 1 and 2 aircraft.
The Block 35 Baseline 1 EC-130H provides the Air Force with additional capabilities to jam communication, Early Warning/Acquisition radar, and navigation systems through higher effective radiated power, extended frequency range, and insertion of digital signal processing compared to earlier EC-130Hs.
Baseline 1 aircraft have the flexibility to keep pace with adversary use of emerging technology. It promotes enhanced crew proficiency, maintenance, and sustainment with a common fleet configuration, new operator interface, increased reliability, and better fault detection.
Baseline 2 has several upgrades to ease operator workload and improve effectiveness. Improved external communications allow Compass Call crews to maintain situational awareness and connectivity in dynamic operational and tactical environments. Aircraft communication capabilities are improved with the expansion of satellite communications connectivity compatible with emerging DoD architectures, increased multi-asset coordination nets, and upgraded data-link terminals.
Delivery of Baseline-2 provides the Air Force with the equivalent of a "fifth generation electronic attack capability," providing improved aircraft performance and survivability.
A majority of the improvements found in the EC-130H Compass Call Baseline-2 are classified modifications to the mission system that enhance precision and increase attack capabilities.
Operational history
{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}
File:42d Electronic Combat Squadron EC-130H Compass Call 1986.jpg, West Germany in 1986]]
The Compass Call had its first flight in 1981, was delivered to the Air Force in 1982, and reached initial operating capability in 1983.
All EC-130H Compass Call aircraft are assigned to Air Combat Command. The EC-130H is operated by the 55th Electronic Combat Group (ECG) consisting of two operational squadrons (41st and 43rd Electronic Combat Squadron (ECS)), a formal training unit (the 42nd ECS), the 755th Operations Support Squadron (OSS), and the 755th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (AMXS). The 55th ECG is a tenant unit of the 355th Fighter Wing at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. Although located at Davis-Monthan, the group reports to the 55th Wing at Offutt AFB, Nebraska.
Compass Call has been used in Yugoslavia, Haiti, Panama, Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere.
From 2002 to 2015, EC-130Hs participating in Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan and Operation Freedom's Sentinel flew over 40,000 hours during 6,900 combat sorties.{{cite web |title=41st EECS Scorpions defend the force with Compass Call |url=https://www.afcent.af.mil/Units/455th-Air-Expeditionary-Wing/News/Display/Article/616833/41st-eecs-scorpions-defend-the-force-with-compass-call/ |first=Tony |last=Wickman |work=U.S. Air Forces Central Command |date=11 September 2015 |access-date=25 July 2016}}
On 15 January 2020, the first EC-130H Compass Call (serial number 73-01587) was retired from active service. The aircraft was the first EC-130H Compass Call delivered to the Air Force in March 1982.{{cite web|url=https://theaviationgeekclub.com/first-final-flight-for-compass-call-usaf-retires-its-first-specially-modified-ec-130h-aircraft/|access-date=8 April 2020|title=First Final Flight For Compass Call: USAF Retires its First Specially Modified EC-130 Aircraft|date=20 February 2020 }}
Operators
Specifications (EC-130H)
File:Tennessee Air National Guard - Lockheed EC-130H - 89-1185 - "Music 85" (4096811243).jpg
File:EC-130H Compass Call 060617.jpg
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Air Force Link: EC-130H Compass Call
|prime units?=imp
|crew=13
|length ft=98
|length in=9
|length note=
|span ft=132
|span in=7
|span note=
|height ft=38
|height in=3
|height note=
|wing area sqft=37
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=root: NACA 64A318; tip: NACA 64A412{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}
|empty weight lb=101000
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=155000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=around 100000 liters
|more general=
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=Allison T56-A-15
|eng1 type=turboprop engines
|eng1 shp=4591
|eng1 note=
|prop blade number=4
|prop name= constant-speed fully feathering reversible propellers
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=13
|prop dia in=6
|max speed mph=
|max speed note=
|cruise speed mph=300
|cruise speed note= (M0.5)
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=2641
|range note=
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling ft=25000
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/weight=
|more performance=
|avionics=
}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call}}
- [https://www.af.mil/News/story/storyID/123030212/ Air Force Link: Air Force news story (Compass Call continues to 'Jam' enemy)]
- [https://www.af.mil/News/story/storyID/123025124/ Air Force Link: Air Force news story ('Bats' shield Airmen from harm)]
- [https://www.af.mil/News/story/storyID/123011849/ Air Force Link: Air Force news story (Airpower supports Afghan elections)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327213333/http://tech.military.com/equipment/view/89728/ec-130h-compass-call.html Military.com: EC-130H Compass Call]
- [http://www.aircraftguru.com/aircraft/aircraft-information.php?craftid=19 AircraftGuru.com: EC-130H Compass Call]
{{Lockheed Hercules}}
{{Lockheed}}
Category:1980s United States electronic warfare aircraft
Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Four-engined turboprop aircraft