Locustellidae

{{Short description|Family of birds}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Striated Grassbird (Megalurus palustris) in Kolkata W IMG 3399.jpg

| image_caption = Striated grassbird (Megalurus palustris)

| taxon = Locustellidae

| authority = Bonaparte, 1854

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision =

see text

| synonyms = Megaluridae Blyth, 1875

}}

Locustellidae is a recently recognised family of small insectivorous songbirds ("warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler "wastebin" family. It contains the grasshopper warblers, grassbirds, and the Bradypterus "bush warblers". These birds occur mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. The family name is sometimes given as Megaluridae, but Locustellidae has priority.{{cite book | last=Bock | first=Walter J. | year=1994 | title=History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names | series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume= 222 | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | place=New York | page=152 | hdl=2246/830 }}

The name derives from the type genus name Locustella, which is from Latin and is a diminutive of locusta, "grasshopper".{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n229 229]}} Like the English name grasshopper warbler, this refers to the insect-like song of many species of Locustella, most notably the common grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia.{{cite book | last=Lockwood | first=William Burley | title=The Oxford Book of British Bird Names | publisher=Oxford University Press, USA | publication-place=Oxford New York | date=1984 | isbn=0-19-214155-4 | page=72}}

The species are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed; the scientific name of the genus Megalurus in fact means "the large-tailed one" in plain English. They are less wren-like than the typical shrub-warblers (Cettia), but they are similarly drab brownish or buffy all over. They tend to be larger and slimmer than Cettia though, and many have bold dark streaks on wings and/or underside. Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth or pursuing it on the ground; they are perhaps the most terrestrial of the "warblers". Very unusual for Passeriformes, the beginning of an evolution towards flightlessness is seen in some taxa.del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.) (2006). Handbook of Birds of the World (Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-96553-06-X}}

Among the "warbler and babbler" superfamily Sylvioidea, the Locustellidae are closest to the Malagasy warblers, another recently recognised (and hitherto unnamed) family. The black-capped donacobius (Donacobius atricapillus) is a South American relative derived from the same ancestral stock and not a wren as was long believed.{{ cite journal | last1=Alström | first1=P. | last2=Ericson | first2=P.G.P. | last3=Olsson | first3=U. | last4=Sundberg | first4=P. | year=2006 | title=Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=38 | issue=2 | pages=381–397 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015 | pmid=16054402 | bibcode=2006MolPE..38..381A }}

A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of the grassbird family Locustellidae published in 2018 found that many of the genera, as then defined, were non-monophyletic. The resulting revision of the genus level taxonomy involved many changes including the resurrection of the genera Poodytes and Cincloramphus as well as the description of a new genus Helopsaltes. The former genera Megalurulus and Buettikoferella become junior synonyms of Cincloramphus.{{ cite journal | last1=Alström | first1=P. | last2=Cibois | first2=A. | last3=Irestedt | first3=M. | last4=Zuccon | first4=D. | last5=Gelang | first5=M. | last6=Fjeldså | first6=J. | last7=Andersen | first7=M.J. | last8=Moyle | first8=R.G. | last9=Pasquet | first9=E. | last10=Olsson | first10=U. | year=2018 | title=Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the grassbirds and allies (Locustellidae) reveals extensive non-monophyly of traditional genera, and a proposal for a new classification | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=127 | pages=367–375 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.029 | pmid=29625229 | bibcode=2018MolPE.127..367A | s2cid=4645834 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/2587007 }}