Lonar
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lonar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Marathi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Lonar Sarovar lake Maharastra.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of Lonar crater lake in Buldhana district (Maharashtra)
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.98|N|76.52|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Buldhana
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder = Indian ecological dept
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 563
| population_total = 20082
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Marathi, Hindi
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 443302{{cite web|url=https://pin-code.net/in-loc/lonar-pin-code/365799/|title=Lonar Pin code|publisher=pin-code.net|accessdate=19 July 2021}}
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
Lonar is a town, just 79 km from Buldhana city and municipal council in Buldhana district of Vidarbha region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The town is the headquarter of Lonar taluka and is located near Mehkar.
Lonar is famous for Lonar crater and Lonar Lake, which is located at {{Coord|19|58|N|76|30|E |region:IN-MH_type:waterbody |name=Lonar Lake}}. It is a meteorite crater created in the Pleistocene Epoch. The crater contains salt water lake is 1.8 km in diameter and is about 137 m below the level of the crater rim. A small fresh water stream drains into the lake. Due to evaporite effects, the lake is mineral rich and salty and sodium and potassium salts are extracted from it.
Geography
Lonar is situated around 360 km from Nagpur, around 100 km from Buldhana, around 100 km from Akola, 550 km from Mumbai, around 160 km from Aurangabad and around 140 km southeast of the Ajanta Caves, about 4½ hours drive via Buldhana.{{cite web |url=http://www.theindia.info/travel/lonarcrater.htm |title=Lonar Meteorite Crater, Maharastra - The India Info: Speaking about Life and Travel in India |website=www.theindia.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510045028/http://www.theindia.info/travel/lonarcrater.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10}}
Lonar town is located at {{Coord|19|59|06|N|76|31|23|E |scale:20000_region:IN-MH_type:city |name=Lonar}}.[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Lonar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Lonar] It has an average elevation of 563 m (1847 feet).
Demographics
As of the 2001 Indian census,{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}} Lonar had a population of 20,082. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lonar has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 58%. In Lonar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year ! rowspan="2" |Male ! rowspan="2" |Female ! rowspan="2" |Total Population ! rowspan="2" |Change ! colspan="8" |Religion (%) |
| Hindu
!Muslim !Christian !Sikhs !Buddhist !Jain !Other religions and persuasions !Religion not stated |
|---|
| 2001[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].
| style="text-align:right;" |10388 | style="text-align:right;" |9694 | style="text-align:right;" |20082 | style="text-align:center;" | - | style="text-align:right;" |55.089 | style="text-align:right;" |32.243 | style="text-align:right;" |0.080 | style="text-align:right;" |0.045 | style="text-align:right;" |8.127 | style="text-align:right;" |4.258 | style="text-align:right;" |0.105 | style="text-align:right;" |0.055 |
| 2011[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].
| style="text-align:right;" |12114 | style="text-align:right;" |11302 | style="text-align:right;" |23416 | style="text-align:right;" |0.166 | style="text-align:right;" |52.985 | style="text-align:right;" |35.194 | style="text-align:right;" |0.056 | style="text-align:right;" |0.004 | style="text-align:right;" |8.071 | style="text-align:right;" |3.557 | style="text-align:right;" |0.004 | style="text-align:right;" |0.128 |
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| y2Title=Muslim
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| y5Title=Buddhist
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| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
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| y8Title=Religion not stated
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Lonar crater
{{main|Lonar crater}}
{{wide image|Lonar Panorama.JPG|900px|Panoramic view of Lonar Crater|center}}
The Lonar crater is the world's only salt water lake in basaltic rock, believed to have been caused by a meteorite hitting Earth around 52,000 years ago.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ismej.2010.70 | volume=4 | title=Active methylotrophs in the sediments of Lonar Lake, a saline and alkaline ecosystem formed by meteor impact | year=2010 | journal=The ISME Journal | pages=1470–1480 | last1 = Paul Antony | first1 = Chakkiath | last2 = Kumaresan | first2 = Deepak | last3 = Ferrando | first3 = Lucia | last4 = Boden | first4 = Rich | last5 = Moussard | first5 = Hélène | last6 = Fernández Scavino | first6 = Ana | last7 = Shouche | first7 = Yogesh S | last8 = Murrell | first8 = J Colin| issue=11 | pmid=20555363 | doi-access = free }} It is surrounded by forests with a large variety of birds, particularly peacocks, owls, red-wattled lapwings and ducks.
=Flora and fauna=
Lonar has its own ecological system. As the sun sets, the entire lake appears differently. The lake water sweeps across the shore like sea water, and the birds, wolves, peacocks and other creatures start making their presence felt. It is a wonderful scene to watch the sun rising or setting below the lake walls. The lake has a remarkable presence of splinters of glass confirming the meteorite's impact, which caused the enormous temperature rise thereby turning the sand into glass.
Ambar lake
This lake was formed by a small meteor which might have been separated from the main meteor. Shags
Temples
{{main|Lonar crater lake#Religious setting}}
Numerous temples surround the lake, around the rim of the crater and further down around the lake, most of which stand in ruins today, except for the temple of Daitya Sudan at the centre of the Lonar town, which was built in honour of Vishnu's victory over the giant Lonasur. It is a fine example of early Hindu architecture.[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Buldhana/home.html] Central Provinces Buldana district Gazetteer Vishnumandir, Wagh Mahadev, Mora Mahadev, Munglyacha Mandir and Goddess Kamalaja Devia are the other temples found inside the crater.[http://lonarcrater.blogspot.com/search/label/lonar%20crater] –Lonar more 29 March Lillyn Kamath
Transport and tourism
File:Maharashtra Tourism Information Board at Lonar Crater.jpg
The nearest train stations are Shegaon near Khamgaon and Malkapur near Bhusawal railway-junction, on the Mumbai-Bhusawal-Nagpur route of Central Railway of Indian Railways and is around 100 km from Lonar. Buses also run to Lonar from Nagpur, Akola, Buldhana, Malkapur, Jalna and Nanded.
If travelling from Nagpur, one must take a bus till Mehkar near Washim and then head to Lonar. From Mumbai or Pune, the most convenient route is to first reach Aurangabad via bus (Mumbai and Pune) or train/flight (from Mumbai only) and then take a state transport bus to Lonar. From Pune, air-conditioned and regular buses run every hour from the Shivajinagar bus stand to Aurangabad.
Maharashtra Tourism runs a resort just 50 meters from the lake. The property is affordable, modern, and well-maintained. There are also several decent and budget-friendly lodges available in the town.
The food available in Lonar has influence from both Khandesh and Marathwada cuisines. It is unique and simple but spicy.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Lonar
|North = Mehkar
|Northeast = Washim
|East = Risod(Washim district)
|Southeast =
|South = Mantha
|Southwest = Partur,(Jalna district)
|West = Sindkhed Raja, Bibi, Sultanpur
|Northwest = Chikhali
}}
{{Buldhana district}}