Lop rabbit

File:Darwin Domestic 105.png

The defining feature of the lop rabbit is its ear carriage. Unlike the erect ear of the majority of domestic rabbit breeds, lop breeds have ears loosely drooping, with the opening of the ear facing the skull. Due to the slightly-raised cartilaginous ear base, the head of many lop rabbits (with the exception of English Lops) has a small bulge, referred to as the crown.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} The head of a typical lop rabbit is said to resemble that of a male sheep in profile, thus the German term for a lop rabbit (Widder, meaning Aries [the ram]), the French term (bélier, meaning ram) and the Italian term (ariete, from Latin aries).

A rabbit's ear, with its blood vessels close to the surface, is an essential thermoregulator.{{Cite journal|last1=Fayez|first1=I.|last2=Marai|first2=M.|last3=Alnaimy|first3=A.|last4=Habeeb|first4=M.|editor-last=Baselga|editor-first=M.|editor2-last=Marai|editor2-first=I.F.M.|title=Thermoregulation in Rabbits|url=http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c08/95605277.pdf|journal=Rabbit Production in Hot Climates|series=Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes|location=Zaragoza|publisher=CIHEAM - International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies|date=1994|volume=8|pages=33–41}} The additional weight of a longer or thicker ear is not always fully supported by the rest of the ear structure, resulting in ears that droop. The ears of some young lop rabbits may not achieve their full adult droop until the ear growth is finished. The ears of a lop rabbit prevent them hearing predators and maintaining a healthy body temperature. Both of these disadvantages keep them from surviving outdoor conditions.{{fact|date=June 2021}}

Rabbits are known to carry their ears in one of five ways:{{cite book |last = Whitman |first = Bob D. |title = Domestic Rabbits & Their Histories: Breeds of the World |date = October 2004 |publisher=Leathers Publishing |location = Leawood, KS |isbn = 978-1585972753 }}

• Erect ears (the most common): Both ears are carried upright. Such ears may at times rest atop the rabbit's back, or be temporarily smoothed down by the rabbit when it bathes or grooms itself.
• Full lop ears (less common): Both ears hang fully down, brushing the rabbit's cheeks and shoulders. Such ears may gently undulate as the rabbit hops.
• Half lop ears (uncommon): One ear is carried in a full (or nearly-full) droop, while the other ear is carried erect. Similar in appearance, a now-extinct one-eared rabbit—said to resemble a unicorn—was breeding true around the end of the 18th century, and in 1958 two such healthy specimens were photographed.
• Oar lop ears (uncommon): Both ears are carried roughly horizontal to the ground and out over the rabbit's shoulders. The term comes from the resemblance to a boat's oars at rest. In modern times, these are sometimes referred to as helicopter ears.{{cite web |author = Wolf |title = Rabbit communication: watch those ears! |url = https://smallpetselect.com/uncategorized/rabbit-communication-ears |website = Small Pet Select |access-date = 12 February 2018 |date = 5 June 2016 }}
• Horn lop ears (rare): Both ears are carried roughly horizontal to the ground and out over the rabbit's nose. The term comes from the resemblance to the forward-facing horns of some cows.

File:Rabbit - No lop Erect ears Upright ears - 1862 London Journal of Horticulture 1024x597.jpg|Erect ears.
Illustration by [E. Whimper?], ca. 1862

File:Lepus cuniculus - 1875 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ20600245.tif|Full lop ears
Unknown artist, 1875

File:Rabbit - Half Lop Half-Lop Lop-Eared Lop Eared - 1862 London Journal of Horticulture 1024x600.jpg|Half lop ears
Illustration by E. Whimper, ca. 1862

File:Rabbit - Oar Lop Oar-Lop Lop-Eared Lop Eared - 1862 - London Journal of Horticulture 1024x601.jpg|Oar lop ears
Illustration by E. Whimper, ca. 1862

File:Rabbit - Horn Lop Horn-Lop Lop-Eared Lop Eared - 1862 - London Journal of Horticulture 1024x609.jpg|Horn lop ears
Illustration by E. Whimper, ca.1862

File:Rabbit - French Lop breed.jpg

Longer (or thicker) ears are more likely to droop. Some lop-eared rabbits have been deliberately bred for exaggerated ear length.{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-LJHAQAAMAAJ&q=rabbit+anatomy+lop |title = Rabbit Culture and Standard: A Complete and Official Standard of All the Rabbits |last1=Roth |first1 = William F. |last2=Cornman |first2 = Charles T. |year = 1914 |publisher=Poultry Item Press |access-date=9 February 2018 }} As this can be considered detrimental to the rabbit's health, requirements in Germany "ban rabbits with ears over {{convert|25.5|in|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}}, and in Holland, {{convert|27.5|in|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}} is as long as they can be allowed [in shows] before disqualification." The Guinness World Records award for "Longest ears on a rabbit" was given in 2003 to an English Lop in the United States with ears measuring {{convert|31.125|in|cm|3|order=flip|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |title = Longest ears on a rabbit |url = http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-ears-on-a-rabbit |website = Guinness World Records |access-date=9 February 2018 }}

Though the majority of rabbit breeds have erect ears, lop-eared breeds make up approximately 15% of all the breeds currently recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA){{cite web |title=ARBA Recognized Breeds |url=https://www.arba.net/breeds.htm|website=American Rabbit Breeders Association|access-date=9 February 2018 }} or the British Rabbit Council (BRC).{{cite web |title=Breed Standards 2016-2020 |url=http://www.thebrc.org/Mono%20Breed%20Standards%20Book%20APRIL%202017%20small.pdf |website=The British Rabbit Council |access-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125834/http://www.thebrc.org/Mono%20Breed%20Standards%20Book%20APRIL%202017%20small.pdf |archive-date=21 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}| Such lop-eared breeds include:

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• American Fuzzy Lop
• Cashmere Lop
• Canadian Plush Lop
• Dwarf Lop
• English Lop
• French Lop
• German Lop
• Holland Lop [US]
• Meissner Lop
• Mini Lion Lop
• Mini Lop [US]
• Miniature Cashmere Lop
• Miniature Lop [UK/NL]
• Velveteen Lop

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• List of rabbit breeds

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