Lophiocharon

Lophiocharon was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1933 by the Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley when he described Lophiocharon broomensis, which he designated as the type species of the new genus.{{Cof family|family=Histiophrynidae|access-date=14 April 2024}} L. broomensis was given the type locality of Broome, Western Australia. L. broomensis was later considered to be a synonym of Chironectes trisignatus which had been described in 1844 by Sir John Richardson, also from Broome.{{Cof genus|genus=Lophiocharon|access-date=14 April 2024}} Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Histiophryninae within the family Antennariidae.,{{cite journal |author=Arnold, R. J. |author2=R. G. Harcourt |author3=T. W. Pietsch |name-list-style=and |year=2014 |title=A new genus and species of the frogfish family Antennariidae (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennarioidei) from New South Wales, Australia, with a diagnosis and key to the genera of the Histiophryninae |journal=Copeia |volume=2014 |issue=3 |pages=534–539 |doi=10.1643/CI-13-155}} while others recognise it as the family Histiophrynidae.{{FishBase family|family=Histiophrynidae|month=February|year=2024}} However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Antennariidae, classifying the family within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes.{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=508–518 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}

Lophiocharon has no explained etymology. It is thought to be a combination of Lophius, the type genus of the order Lophiiformes, and may be being used as a general term for anglerfishes, with Charon, the ferryman who ferried the dead across the Styx.{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/lophiiformes1/ |title=Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE |author=Christopher Scharpf |date=14 November 2022 |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:{{FishBase genus | genus = Lophiocharon| month = February | year = 2024}}

• Lophiocharon hutchinsi Pietsch, 2004 (Hutchins' anglerfish)
• Lophiocharon lithinostomus D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1908 (Marble-mouthed frogfish)
• Lophiocharon trisignatus J. Richardson, 1844 (Three-spot frogfish)

Lophiocharon anglerfishes have the second and third dorsal spines free of the skin and not hidden underneath it. All of the fin rays in the caudal fin are bifurcate. The skin has a covering of dermal denticles and the third dorsal spine is joined for more than a quarter of its length to the nape by a membrane or is connected to the soft dorsal fin by skin, and is connected to the second spine at its base. The caudal fin is typically marked with translucent ocelli between every second fin ray. The three-spot frogfish is the largest species in the genus with a maximum published standard length of {{cvt|14.7|cm}} while the smallest is Hutchins' anglerfish with a maximum published standard length of {{cvt|4.9|cm}}.

Lophiocharon anglerfishes are found in the Indo-Pacific in the eastern Indian Ocean and western pacific Ocean from Singapore east to the Philippines and south to Australia.{{FishBase|Lophiocharon|trisignatus|month=February|year=2024}} These are coastal fishes of shallow waters where they can be found on reefs, on sandy or muddy substrates and among seagrass.{{FishBase|Lophiocharon|hutchinsi|month=February|year=2024}}

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Category:Histiophryninae

Category:Marine fish genera

Category:Taxa named by Gilbert Percy Whitley