Lough Scur

Fanciful folklore of the 19th century claimed Lough Scur was named from Oscar son of Oisín, and his grave lay at Aghascur, "the field of the Scur".{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} However, it is pointed out the word "Scur" ({{langx|ga|Scor, genitive scuir}}) has various meanings, and probably translates to "{{em|lake of the horse-stud}}". O'Donovan suggests {{lang|ga|Scuir}} means '{{em|lake of the camp}}', and the {{em|placenames database of Ireland}} suggests Lough Scuir means 'lake of the horses, pasturage, troop'.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}}

File:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg

Lough Scur is about {{convert|1|km|1}} northwest of Keshcarrigan. It covers an area of {{convert|1.14|km2|1}}.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Lough Scur is deep with generally a soft mud or compact peat bottom, the shallowest portion is the northern reach, between Driny and Drumcong, probably due to the large quantity of detritus carried into it by a mountain stream at Kiltubrid townland. Beyond the roscarbon shoal there is an isolated rock almost level with the summer water surface, nearly circular, measuring {{nobreak|{{circa|10|15}}ft across}}. Lough Marrave might be considered a continuation of Lough Scur, as they share the same level and connected by a half-mile channel.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=22}} Keshcarrigan lough is connected to Lough scur by a small stream about {{convert|250|metre|1}} in length. Carrickaport Lough drains into Lough Scur by a {{convert|450|m|1}} stream running through Drumcong townland.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} Drumaleague Lough, lying {{convert|1|km|1}} to the south west, is connected via the Shannon–Erne Waterway. Sub-glacial Rogen moraine landforms are evident in the valley between Slieve Anierin and Lough Scur, caused by ice age glaciers moving northeast to southwest over millions of years, the Morainic drift heaping up thousands of drumlins in the surrounding lowlands.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}}

Fish present in Lough Scur include "roach-bream hybrids" (54%), Roach (22%), Perch (9%), Bream (9%, including. Skimmers), Pike (6%), nine-spine stickleback, and Eel.{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} The large proportion of hybrids results from the Pike here preferring Roach (86%), Stickleback (9%), and Perch (4%) in their overall diet.{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=15}} The pike population is the "native Irish strain" ({{langx|ga|liús}} meaning 'Irish Pike') not the other European Pike strain ({{langx|ga|gailliasc}} meaning 'strange or foreign fish').{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} Large pike have been caught here weighing {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} or more.{{sfn|anglingireland}} When surveyed in 2002, no zebra mussels were reported at the highest water level,{{sfn|Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}}{{refn|group=n|White-clawed crayfish are typically not present where a zebra mussel infestation is found to exist; Carrickaport Lough nearby at Drumcong has zebra mussel infestation.|name=crayfish}} and {{nobreak|in 2005}} the water quality was rated as mesotrophic.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|Trophic states of "Oligotrophic" and "Mesotrophic" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated 'Eutrophic' or 'Hypertrophic' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

Lough Scur forms part of the Shannon–Erne Waterway, lying at the summit of the canal connecting Lough Scur to the River Shannon, just south of Leitrim village. The original canal was constructed in the 1840s, fell into decline as the rail network prospered, but was reopened in 1994 to develop the region's tourism industry.{{sfn|iRBD|2008|pp=56}} The levels of Lough Scur are controlled by Waterways Ireland via two Spillways. The recording of large numbers of ancient dug-out canoes from county Leitrim remind us that waterways have always been a key means of transport in Ireland.{{sfn|O'Drisceoil|Leenane|Davis|Fitzgibbon|2014|p=3}}

The primary human settlements at Lough Scur are the villages of Keshcarrigan and Drumcong.

{{See also|Prehistoric Ireland|Drumaleague Lough|Tuatha Dé Danann}}

File:Lake dwelling.jpg)]]

Mesolithic hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}BC}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years BP ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five Lithic flakes, a polished shale axe, a dolerite axe roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout canoe.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably Mesolithic.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small Stone Age crannogs were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400 cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png]]

There was a Bronze Age human settlement at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}BC}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white sandstone found on the Lough-Scur crannog,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped Palstave on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of Iron sourced from Sliabh an Iarainn for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain Celt (tool) {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a Celt {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

Lough Scur contains five or six crannogs (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the Royal Irish Academy museum and National Museum of Ireland-

• Five Lithic flakes, shale axe, dolerite axe roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur canoe was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
• The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
• The {{em|Lough-Scur Quern-stone}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the crannog.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
• The Kiltubrid Shield discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
• The Keshcarrigan Bowl discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and Lough Marrave.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
• Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur crannog.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}

File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg

An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and Slieve Anierin, it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a megalithic tomb, but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a Druids altar before Christianity. There is also a Cist located here.

In 1265AD, Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the Conmhaícne of Muintir Eolais from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive Battle of Áth an Chip.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Crannogs occurred at Lough Scur through the Middle Ages,{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the Irish Annals allude to a fortified crannog at Lough Scur.

• "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
• "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a crannog here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}

{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a 'Castle' at Gowly townland on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the Irish Rebellion of 1641) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of Castle Sean ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as national monument, tourist, or heritage site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791

Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view

Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791

On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of county Leitrim. They constructed a 'prison' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once Carrick-on-Shannon gaol became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five Metalsmiths from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan Fiants {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

• Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
• Charles O'Flynn.
• Toole O'Fenane.
• Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as Tinker metal workers.

In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

"Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]".

[text:{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}} query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]

"I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905]

[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]

• List of loughs in Ireland
• The Keshcarrigan Bowl
• Kiltubrid Shield

{{Reflist|82em|group=n}}

{{Reflist|42em}}

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• {{cite report

|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT

|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf

|year=2014

|publisher=

|first1=C

|last1=O'Drisceoil

|first2=M

|last2=Leenane

|first3=S

|last3=Davis

|first4=B

|last4=Fitzgibbon

|first5=M

|last5=Teehan

|volume=1 of 2

|access-date=2017-02-18

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf

|archive-date=2017-02-18

|url-status=dead

}}

• {{cite book

|title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland

|volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan

|first=Theodore William

|last=Moody

|editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove

|edition=illustrated, reprint

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|year=1976

|isbn=978-0198217374

}}

• {{cite web

|title=Legend of Lough Scurr

|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224

|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439

|pages=268–269

|last=Rowley

|first=Thomas

|year=1937

|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim

|publisher=Duchas

|edition=Online

}}

• {{cite web

|title=Local ruins

|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211

|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819

|pages=384–5

|last=Whelan

|first=Thomas

|year=1938

|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim

|publisher=Duchas

|edition=Online

}}

• {{cite web

|title=Lough Scur

|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209

|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511

|pages=312

|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc

|year=1938

|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim

|publisher=Duchas

|edition=Online

}}

• {{cite news

|title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival

|newspaper = Leitrim Observer

|url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/

|year = 1970

|author = Leitrim Observer

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/

|archive-date = 2017-02-02

}}

• {{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}}
• {{cite web

|title=The Annals of Ulster

|first1=Pádraig

|last1=Bambury

|first2=Stephen

|last2=Beechinor

|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html

|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)

|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt

|year=2003

}}

• {{cite web

|title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction

|last=Hazard

|first=Benjamin

|year=2012

|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html

|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition

}}

{{refend}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite web

|url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/

|title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim

}}

• {{cite web

|url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx

|title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly

}}

• {{cite web

|title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim

|url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm

|year=2002

}}

{{refend}}

{{County Leitrim}}

Scur

Category:Archaeological sites in County Leitrim

Category:Megalithic monuments in Ireland

Category:Castles in County Leitrim

Category:Places of Conmaicne Maigh Nissi