Loughton incinerator thefts
{{Short description|1988–1992 bank incinerator thefts in England}}
{{Infobox news event
| title = Loughton incinerator thefts
| image =
| image_name = Bank of England printing at Debden.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = The Bank of England Printing Works, where the thefts took place
| alt = refer to caption
| date = {{circa|{{Start date|df=yes|1988|4}}}} – {{circa|{{End date|df=yes|1992|3}}}}
| place = Loughton, Essex
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.6487|0.0905|region:GB_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| also known as =
| participants = {{Flatlist|
- Christine Gibson
- Peter Gibson
- Kenneth Longman
- Janet Longman
- Michael Nairne
- Sharon Nairne
- Kevin Winwright
}}
| outcome = Between £600,000–£700,000 stolen
| suspects =
| charges =
| verdict = Guilty
| convictions = Winwright sentenced to 18 months in prison; remaining participants ordered to repay £500,000 to the bank
}}
The Loughton incinerator thefts occurred between 1988 and 1992 at the Bank of England's incinerator plant at Debden in Loughton, Essex – four employees of the plant stole more than {{GBP|600,000|link=yes}} in a series of regular thefts. The four participants and their spouses were arrested in 1992, with only one being prosecuted in criminal court. In a civil suit, the remaining members of the group were ordered to repay half a million pounds to the bank. The story of the case has been adapted into two feature-length films.
Thefts
Between 1988 and 1992, four employees of the Bank of England's incinerator plant at Debden in Loughton, Essex, conspired to steal around £600,000 in banknotes that were due to be destroyed, in a series of thefts.{{Cite journal | last1 = Cannon | first1 = L. M. | title = Civil remedies for theft — issues for banks | doi = 10.1108/eb025652 | journal = Journal of Financial Crime | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 290–294 | year = 1995 }} They changed padlocks on locked doors in order to be able to steal from piles of notes which had been taken out of circulation.{{cite web |title=Bank of England Finally Closes Underwear Robbery Case That Spawned Diane Keaton Movie |url=https://observer.com/2018/04/bank-robbery-england-mad-money-diane-keaton/ |website=Observer |access-date=29 November 2020 |date=26 April 2018}} One participant, Christine Gibson, smuggled the notes out of the plant by stuffing them into her underwear.{{Cite news|title=Banknotes 'stuffed in woman's underwear': Bank sues families over 'stolen' pounds 600,000|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/banknotes-stuffed-in-womans-underwear-bank-sues-families-over-stolen-pounds-600000-1369661.html|newspaper=The Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media|location=London|issn=0951-9467|oclc=240904920|date=13 April 1994|access-date=17 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204050/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/banknotes-stuffed-in-womans-underwear-bank-sues-families-over-stolen-pounds-600000-1369661.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} Gibson initially worked in collaboration with just two other employees, Kenneth Longman and Michael Nairne, before the trio were approached and joined by a fourth individual, Kevin Winwright, who acted as their "look-out" and distracted the guards.{{Cite news|title=Bank had deal with employee over thefts|first=James|last=Cusick|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/bank-had-deal-with-employee-over-thefts-1369852.html|newspaper=The Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media|location=London|issn=0951-9467|oclc=240904920|date=14 April 1994|access-date=17 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305080514/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/bank-had-deal-with-employee-over-thefts-1369852.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} During this time, the group and their spouses lived a "life of Riley", spending their gains on expensive cars, motorcycles and jewellery.{{Cite news|title=Banknote thieves told to repay pounds 1/2 m: Families' extravagant lifestyle ends with court order to give up ill-gotten gains|first=Ian|last=MacKinnon|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/banknote-thieves-told-to-repay-pounds-12-m-families-extravagant-lifestyle-ends-with-court-order-to-give-up-illgotten-gains-ian-mackinnon-reports-1372676.html|newspaper=The Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media|location=London|issn=0951-9467|oclc=240904920|date=27 April 1994|access-date=17 December 2012|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129165632/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/banknote-thieves-told-to-repay-pounds-12-m-families-extravagant-lifestyle-ends-with-court-order-to-1372676.html|url-status=live}}
Arrest and trial
The criminal gang was brought to the attention of the police after Gibson's husband, Peter, attempted to make a deposit of £100,000 at the Ilford branch of the Reliance Mutual Insurance Society entirely in £20 and £50 notes. Nairne also attempted to make a deposit of £30,000 at the same branch. All four colleagues and their respective partners were soon arrested, but only Winwright was prosecuted – he admitted to stealing £170,000 from the plant and received an 18-month prison sentence.
The six remaining participants were then sued by the Bank of England at the High Court of Justice in April 1994. The civil case, Bank of England v Gibson, was overseen by Judge Norman Rudd, with Winwright giving evidence on behalf of the bank. After a two-week trial, Rudd delivered his judgment on 26 April 1994, ordering the three families to repay more than half a million pounds to the bank.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucc.ie/law/restitution/archive/englcases/boe.htm|title=Judgement – Bank of England v. Gibson|publisher=University College Cork|location=Cork|url-status=live|access-date=19 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021002143/http://www.ucc.ie/law/restitution/archive/englcases/boe.htm|archive-date=21 October 2012|df=dmy-all}} As no witnesses who had given evidence in the High Court were willing to speak to the police, all three couples escaped criminal convictions. The Bank of England finally closed the case in 2018.
Film adaptations
The story of the thefts was adapted into two films: first in 2001 as Hot Money, a television movie made for ITV starring Caroline Quentin,{{Cite news|title=Stealing from the Bank of England|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dEAhAAAAIBAJ&pg=4703,5786250|newspaper=New Straits Times|publisher=Media Prima|location=Kuala Lumpur|date=19 October 2002|page=19|access-date=18 December 2012}} then again as Mad Money, a 2008 film based on ITV's production, starring Diane Keaton.{{Cite journal|date=25 January 2007|title=Thursday News Round-Up (January 25)|journal=Empire|publisher=Bauer|issn=0957-4948|oclc=40516612|access-date=18 December 2012|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20290|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104433/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20290|archive-date=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
Similar crime
A similar crime was committed in 2000, when two bank clerks stole 110 sacks of notes valued at £23,000 that were due to be incinerated – the two participants were sent to prison for six and nine months.{{Cite news|title=Bank clerks jailed for stealing notes|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1373100/Bank-clerks-jailed-for-stealing-notes.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|issn=0307-1235|oclc=613316876|date=4 November 2000|access-date=18 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227132633/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1373100/Bank-clerks-jailed-for-stealing-notes.html|archive-date=27 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://www.lawindexpro.co.uk/lip/cLitiP1994.shtml#78155 Bank of England v Gibson] at Law Index Pro {{Subscription required}}{{dead link|date=July 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}