Louis Veuillot

Veuillot was born of humble parents in Boynes (Loiret). When he was five years of age, his parents relocated to Paris. With little education, he gained employment in a lawyer's office, and was sent in 1830 to serve with a newspaper of Rouen, and afterwards to Périgueux. Initially, Veuillot supported the July Monarchy of Louis Phillippe criticizing both Republicans and supporters of the deposed Bourbon Dynasty.{{sfn|Gurian|1951|p=387}}

He returned to Paris in 1837, and a year later visited Rome during Holy Week. There he embraced ultramontane sentiments, and became an ardent champion of Catholicism. The results of his conversion were published in Pélerinages en Suisse (1839), Rome et Lorette (1841) and other publications.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Veuillot's embrace of Ultramontanism led to his violent rejection of Bourgeois society and norms.{{sfn|Gurian|1951|p=388–389}} He had little regard for theological nuance and held fast to the overall philosophies of Joseph de Maistre and Louis de Bonald, the original Catholic counter-revolutionary thinkers.{{sfn|Gurian|1951|p=387–388}} Veuillot viewed all issues through the prism of their relationship to the Church and thought any disruption of the faith was a catastrophe. For this reason, he expressed surprise when he learned that his friend Joseph-Théophile Foisset was working on a new edition of Blaise Pascal since he was a Jansenist.{{sfn|Gurian|1951|p=389-390}}

In 1840, Veuillot joined the staff of the newspaper Univers Religieux, a journal created in 1833 by Abbé Migne, and soon helped make it the leading organ of ultramontane propaganda as L'Univers. His methods of journalism, which made great use of irony and ad hominem criticism,"In Paris M. Louis Veuillot has given us another shameful specimen of Ultramontanism. Not satisfied with comparing savants to the phylloxera, he likens Protestantism to a loathsome disease whose name is usually confined to medical works." — [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1875/08/16/79089483.pdf "The Jesuits in France,"] The New York Times, August 16, 1875, p. 4. had already provoked more than one duel, and he was imprisoned for a brief time for his polemics against the University of Paris. In 1848, he became editor of the newspaper, which was suppressed in 1860,[https://www.nytimes.com/1860/04/20/news/topics-paris-greater-excommunication-emperor-pope-new-italian-kingdom-new-consul.html?scp=9&sq=%22Louis+Veuillot%22&st=p "The Greater Excommunication, The Emperor and the Pope,"] The New York Times, April 20, 1860. but revived in 1867, when Veuillot resumed his ultramontane propaganda, causing a second suppression of his journal in 1874.[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1874/09/24/82411910.pdf "The Clerical Press and Marshall Serrano,"] The New York Times, September 24, 1874. Veuillot then occupied himself by writing polemical pamphlets"An impetuous, brutal journalist, whose verve and ardour came from Rabelais and Voltaire through Joseph de Maistre, Louis Veuillot was at the same time an exquisite writer and a violent Christian; he distributed holy water as though it were vitriol and handled the crucifix like a club." — Hanotaux, Gabriel (1905). [https://archive.org/stream/contemporaryfran02hanouoft#page/n3/mode/2up Contemporary France.] London: Archibald Constable & Co., p. 622. against liberal Catholics, the Second French Empire and the Italian government.

His services to the papal see were recognized by Pope Pius IX, on whom he wrote (1878) a monograph.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Matthew Arnold said of him:

M. Louis Veuillot is a polemic worthy of the golden age of polemics. He is singly devoted to ultramontanism; he lives on a small fixed salary from the proprietors of the Univers; he is a man of the purest and simplest domestic life; he is poor, and has a large family, but he has refused all offers of place and salary from the government, and maintains his entire independence.Arnold, Matthew (1960). "England and the Italian Question." In: On the Classical Tradition, R. H. Super (Ed.), University of Michigan Press, p. 89.

And Orestes Brownson wrote:

[Veuillot] manifests the temper and breeding of a fanatic, and seems to act on the principle that whoever differs on any important point in history, politics, or philosophy, from himself, must needs be a bad Catholic, or no Catholic at all. We question not his sincerity, we question not his personal piety; but we do question his qualification to be a Catholic leader. His mind is too narrow and one-sided for that, and his leadership, with the best intentions on his part, is fitted only to bring about the very results he most deprecates. Notwithstanding his hostility to those who regret the loss of parliamentary freedom, and his devotion to Imperialism, he has not been able to save his journal from an avertissement; and it would seem that, after having aided in erecting an Absolute government for his country, and in breaking down all the safeguards established by constitutionalism to freedom of thought, freedom of speech, and public discussion, the police have had the cruelty to take him at his word, and give him a taste of the despotism he has been willing to fasten upon others.{{cite book |last1=Greene |first1=Benjamin H. |title=Brownson's Quarterly Review, Volume 2 |date=1857 |publisher=E. Dunigan and Brother |location=New York |page=398}}

Some of his papers were collected in Mélanges Religieux, Historiques et Littéraires (12 vols., 1857–1875), and his {{lang|fr|Correspondance}} (7 vols., 1883–85) has great political interest. His younger brother, Eugène Veuillot, published (1901–1904) a comprehensive and valuable life, Louis Veuillot.

File:Louis Veuillot 2.jpg

After the First Vatican Council, Veuillot's influence began to wane. In 1879 Pope Pius IX{{clarify|date=December 2023|Pius IX already dead, or is the date wrong?}} released a letter praising him, but also regretting his "bitter zeal" in advocating his views. Among the lower clergy Veuillot retained influence. Politically he returned to advocating the restorations of the Bourbon Monarchy under Henri, Count of Chambord.{{sfn|Gurian|1951|p=407–408}}

Veuillot was a virulent anti-Semite. As early as the 1840s, he wrote articles in L'Univers defaming Jews, portraying them as alien vagabonds, accusing them of blood libel, and asserting that the Talmud commanded Jews to hate all Christians.{{cite book |last1=Levy |first1=Richard S. |title=Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1 |date=2005 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=738}}{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Zvi Jonathan |title=Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea?: French Jewry and the Problem of Church and State |date=2009 |publisher=Society of Biblical Lit |page=65}} He contemptuously dismissed Jews who criticized him as "the deicide people", claiming they were a foreign element which plotted to control all of French society.{{cite book |last1=Michael |first1=R. |title=A History of Catholic Antisemitism: The Dark Side of the Church |date=2008 |publisher=Springer |page=128}} Veuillot's hatred intensified during the Mortara case to the point where it put him at odds with Napoleon III whom he had previously supported, causing the latter to temporarily suppress the journal. Veuillot's two-pronged assault on the Jews and liberalism would influence the anti-Semitism of Édouard Drumont, who worked for L'Univers in his youth.{{sfn|Arnoulin|1902|p=73–75}} Drumont, who in his turn was an employer of Charles Maurras, was admired by Karl Lueger, whom Adolf Hitler acknowledged as an influence in Mein Kampf.{{sfn|Birnbaum|1993|p=72}}

A misattributed quote to Veuillot, "When I am weaker than you, I ask you for freedom because that is according to your principles; when I am stronger than you, I take away your freedom because that is according to my principles", is quoted in Frank Herbert's Children of Dune.

• [https://archive.org/stream/correspondance01veui#page/n7/mode/2up Correspondance,] [https://archive.org/stream/correspondance02veui#page/n7/mode/2up Tome II], [https://archive.org/stream/correspondance03veui#page/n7/mode/2up Tome III], [https://archive.org/stream/correspondance04veui#page/n7/mode/2up Tome IV], [https://archive.org/stream/correspondance05veui#page/n7/mode/2up Tome V], [https://archive.org/stream/correspondancede07veui#page/n3/mode/2up Tome VII], Société Générale de Librairie Catholique, 1885.
• [https://archive.org/stream/a611673900veuiuoft#page/n3/mode/2up Rome et Lorette,] J. Casterman, 1841.
• [https://archive.org/stream/a594665000veuiuoft#page/n1/mode/2up De l'Action des Laiques dans la Question Religieuse,] Au Bureau de L'Univers, 1843.
• [https://archive.org/stream/laviedenotreseig00veuiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Vie de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ,] Librairie Catholique de Périsse Frérés, 1864 [1st Pub. 1846].
• [https://archive.org/stream/leslibrespenseur00veuiuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Les Libres-Penseurs,] Jacques Lecoffre et Cie., 1850.
• [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k56678780 La Légalité: Dialogue Philosophique,] Plon Frères, 1852.
• [https://archive.org/stream/ledroitduseigne00veuigoog#page/n8/mode/2up Les Droits du Seigneur au Moyen Âge,] L. Vivés, 1854.
• [https://archive.org/stream/a611629500veuiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Le Parti Catholique,] L. Vivés, 1856.
• [https://archive.org/stream/lepapeetladiplom00veui#page/n1/mode/2up Le Pape et la Diplomatie,] Gaume Frères et J. Duprey, 1861.
• [https://archive.org/stream/waterloo00veuigoog#page/n5/mode/2up Waterloo,] Gaume Frères et J. Duprey, 1861.
• [https://archive.org/stream/satires00veuiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Satires,] Gaume Frérés et J. Duprey, 1863.
• [https://archive.org/stream/legupieritalie00veui#page/n11/mode/2up Le Guêpier Italien,] Victor Palmé, 1865.
• A Propos de la Guerre, Palmé, 1866.
• [https://archive.org/stream/VeuilIotlluslibgoog#page/n4/mode/2up L'Illusion Libérale,] Palmé, 1866.
• [https://archive.org/stream/lesodeursdepari00veuigoog#page/n9/mode/2up Les Odeurs de Paris,] Palmé, 1867.
• [https://archive.org/stream/couleuvres00veui#page/n7/mode/2up Les Couleuvres,] Victor Palmé, 1869.
• [https://archive.org/stream/corbinetdaubecou00veuiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Corbin et d'Aubecourt,] Victor Palmé, 1869.
• [https://books.google.com/books?id=-V4NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3 La Liberté du Concile,] Victor Palmé, 1870.
• [https://archive.org/stream/parispendantles00veuigoog#page/n5/mode/2up Paris Pendant les Deux Sièges,] Victor Palmé, 1871.
• [https://archive.org/stream/leparfumderom01veui#page/n5/mode/2up Le Parfum de Rome,] Victor Palmé, 1871.
• [https://archive.org/stream/mlangesreligieu10veuigoog#page/n9/mode/2up Mélanges Religieux, Historiques et Littéraires,] [https://archive.org/stream/mlangesrelig02veui#page/n7/mode/2up Tome II], [https://archive.org/stream/mlangesreligieu09veuigoog#page/n9/mode/2up Tome III], [https://archive.org/stream/mlangesrelig04veui#page/n7/mode/2up Tome IV], [https://archive.org/stream/mlangesreligieu07veuigoog#page/n9/mode/2up Tome V], [https://archive.org/stream/mlangesreligie06veuiuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Tome VI], L. Vivés, 1857–1875.
• [https://archive.org/stream/molireetbourda00veui#page/n7/mode/2up Molière et Bourdaloue,] Société Générale de Librairie Catholique, 1877.
• [https://archive.org/stream/laguerreetlhomme00veui#page/n7/mode/2up La Guerre et l'Homme de Guerre,] Victor Palmé, 1878.
• [https://archive.org/stream/aetlaveui01veuiuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Çá et Lá,] Société Générale de Librairie Catholique, 1883.
• [https://archive.org/stream/historiettesetfa00veuiuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Historietes et Fantaisies,] Société Générale de Librairie Catholique, 1883.
• [https://archive.org/stream/tudessurvictor00veuiuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Études sur Victor Hugo,] Société Générale de Librairie Catholique, 1886.

• In The Irish Monthly, Vol. 5, 1877.
• [https://archive.org/stream/irishmonthly10unkngoog#page/n423/mode/2up "The Graves of a Breton Household,"] pp. 417–418.
• [https://archive.org/stream/irishmonthly10unkngoog#page/n751/mode/2up "The Legend of the Red Lillies,"] pp. 756–757.
• [https://archive.org/stream/lifeofourlordjes00veui#page/n7/mode/2up The Life of Our Lord Jesus Christ.] New York: Peter F. Collier, 1878.
• [https://archive.org/stream/stephanietrbyjb00veuigoog#page/n2/mode/2up Stephanie.] Dublin: M.H. Gill and Son, 1883.
• "The Essence of Giboyer (A Retort to 'Giboyer's Son')." In: The Universal Anthology, Vol. XXVII. London: The Clarke Company, Ltd., 1899.
• In Béla Menczer (Ed.), Catholic Political Thought, 1789–1848, University of Notre Dame Press, 1962.
• "[https://archive.org/stream/catholicpolitica00menc#page/196/mode/2up The True Freedom of Thought]," pp. 196–205.
• The Liberal Illusion. Kansas City, Mo.: Angelus Press, 2005.

File:Louis Veuillot, by André Gil.jpg|Caricature of Louis Veuillot, by André Gil, from La Lune, 21 April 1867.

File:Portrait of Louis Veuillot.jpg|Portrait of Louis Veuillot, n.d.

File:Louis Veuillot.jpg|Picture by Nadar, 1850s.

File:L. Veuillot.jpg|Portrait of Louis Veuillot, n.d.

File:La Petite Lune - 37.jpg|"Masque pour Mardi-Gras." Caricature of Louis Veuillot, La Petite Lune, No. 37, 1878–1879.

File:La Petite Lune - 02.jpg|"Pâquerette." Caricature of Louis Veuillot, La Petite Lune, No. 2, 1878–1879.

File:Caricature of Louis Veuillot.jpg|"Les Hommes D'Église." Caricature of Louis Veuillot, by Faustin Betbeder, 1870–1871.

File:Louis Veuillot 2.jpg|Picture of Louis Veuillot, During the 1870s.

File:Louis Veuillot, by Nadar.jpg|Pictures of Louis Veuillot, by Nadar, 1856.

File:Les deux aveugles.jpg|"Les Deux Aveugles," (Vermorel and Veuillot), by Claude Guillaumin, La Rue, 26 October 1867.

File:Centenary of Louis Veuillot.jpg|Centennial Celebration of the Birth of Louis Veuillot, 5 October 1913.

File:Veuillot's House.jpg|Louis Veuillot Birthplace, in Boynes, Loiret, n.d.

File:Veuillot's Tombstone.jpg|Veuillot's Tombstone, Montparnasse Cemetery, n.d.

File:Louis Veuillot and his Family.jpg|Veuillot, his two Daughters, Agnès and Marie, and his Sister, Élise, 1858.

File:Veuillot's Wife and Daughters.jpg|Wife and Daughters of Louis Veuillot, n.d.

File:Veuillot's Monument.jpg|Monument in the Church of Voeu National, in Montmartre.

• Charles Forbes René de Montalembert
• Henri, Count of Chambord
• Our Lady of La Salette
• Catholic Church in France
• Ultramontanism
• Pope Pius IX

{{reflist}}

{{Refbegin|30em}}

• {{EB1911|wstitle= Veuillot, Louis| volume=28 }}
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• Boureau, Alain (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=88ksVAafymIC&dq=Louis%20Veuillot&pg=PA79 "God's Party in the Great Combat."] In: The Lord's First Night: The Myth of the Droit de Cuissage. University of Chicago Press.
• Brown, Marvin L., Jr. (1977). Louis Veuillot: French Ultramontane, Catholic Journalist and Layman, 1813–1883. Durham, N.C.: Moore Publishing Company.
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• Fernessole, Pierre (1923). [https://archive.org/stream/lesorigineslitt00fernuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Les Origines Littéraires de Louis Veuillot, 1813-1843.] Paris: J. de Gigord.
• Foucart, Claude (1978). L'Aspect Méconnu d'un Grand Lutteur. Atelier National de Reproduction des Thèses, Université de Lille III.
• Gough, Austin (1996). Paris et Rome. Les Catholiques Français et le Pape au XIXe Siècle. Paris: Éditions de l'Atelier.
• {{citation |last=Gurian |first=Waldemar |date=1951 |title=Louis Veuillot |journal=Catholic Historical Review |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=385–414}} {{JSTOR|25015203}}
• Isser, Natalie (1979). "The Mortara Affair and Louis Veuillot," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 7, pp. 69–78.
• Laurioz, Pierre-Yves (2005). Louis Veuillot: Soldat de Dieu. Éd. de Paris, 2005.
• Le Roux, Benoît (1984). Louis Veuillot: Un Homme, un Combat. Paris: Téqui, 1984.
• MacCaffrey, James (1905). [https://archive.org/stream/irishecclesiast08unkngoog#page/n446/mode/2up "Louis Veuillot,"] The Irish Ecclesiastical Record 16, pp. 430–441; [https://archive.org/stream/irishecclesiast03unkngoog#page/n336/mode/2up Part II], [https://archive.org/stream/irishecclesiast03unkngoog#page/n554/mode/2up Part III], The Irish Ecclesiastical Record 17, pp. 323–334, 541–555.
• MacCaffrey, James (1910). [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092366396#page/n259/mode/2up "The Church in France."] In: History of the Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century. M.H. Gill & Son, pp. 233–251.
• McMillan, James F. “Remaking Catholic Europe: Louis Veuillot and the Ultramontane Project.” Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 14, no. 1 (2001): 112–22. {{JSTOR|43100025}}
• Menczer, Béla (1962). [https://archive.org/stream/catholicpolitica00menc#page/192/mode/2up "Louis Veuillot."] In: Catholic Political Thought, 1789-1848. University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 192–196.
• Mirecourt, Eugène de (1856). Louis Veuillot. Paris: Gustave Havard.
• Murray, Eustace Clare Grenville (1873). [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924086007931#page/n207/mode/2up "M. Louis Veuillot."] In: Men of the Third Republic. London: Strahan & Co., pp. 188–201.
• Myers, Rev. E. (1903). [https://archive.org/stream/catholicworld01unkngoog#page/n626/mode/2up "Louis Veuillot,"] The Catholic World 77, pp. 597–610.
• Neill, Thomas Patrick (1951). [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89018101790;seq=315;view=1up;num=299 "Louis Veuillot."] In: They Lived the Faith; Great Lay Leaders of Modern Times. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, pp. 299–324.
• Nielsen, Fredrik Kristian (1906). The History of the Papacy in the XIXth Century, [https://archive.org/stream/a600761302nieluoft#page/n7/mode/2up Vol. 2]. London: John Murray.
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• Parsons, Reuben (1901). [https://archive.org/stream/studiesinchurchh04pars#page/426/mode/2up "Louis Veuillot."] In: Studies in Church History. New York: F.R. Pustet & Co., pp. 427–440.
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• Sparrow-Simpson, W.J. (1918). [https://archive.org/stream/a608926200sparuoft#page/106/mode/2up "Louis Veuillot."] In: French Catholics in the Nineteenth Century. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, pp. 107–121.
• Spencer, Philip (1954). Politics of Belief in Nineteenth-Century France: Lacordaire, Michon, Veuillot. London: Faber and Faber.
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• Teeling, T.T. (1905). [https://archive.org/stream/dolphinecclesias08newyuoft#page/546/mode/2up "Louis Veuillot and L'Univers,"] [https://archive.org/stream/dolphinecclesias08newyuoft#page/692/mode/2up Part II], The Dolphin 8, pp. 546–558, 693–706.
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• Catholic Encyclopedia: [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15394b.htm Louis Veuillot]
• Encyclopædia Britannica: [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627108/Louis-Veuillot Louis Veuillot]
• Dr. John C. Rao: [http://jcrao.freeshell.org/LouisVeuillot.html Louis Veuillot – Icon and Iconoclast]

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