Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge

{{Short description|Wildlife refuge and National Historic Landmark in northern California, United States}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}

{{Infobox protected area

| name = Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge

| iucn_category = IV

| photo = File:Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, January 2022-2001.jpg

| photo_caption = Winter scene at Lower Klamath NWR

| map = USA

| relief = 1

| map_caption =

| location = Siskiyou County, California / Klamath County, Oregon, United States

| nearest_city = Klamath Falls, OR

| coordinates = {{coord|41.9487624|N|121.6966630|W|region:US-OR_source:GNIS|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| coords_ref = {{cite gnis |id=263025 |name=Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge |access-date=2011-08-21}}

| area_acre = 50913

| area_ref = {{FWS area|2009}}

| established = 1908

| visitation_num =

| visitation_year =

| governing_body = United States Fish and Wildlife Service

| website = [http://www.fws.gov/refuge/lower_klamath/ Lower Klamath NWR]

| embedded1 = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=NRHP|designation1_number=66000238|designation2=NHL|designation2_date=January 12, 1965}}

}}

The Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States on the border between California and Oregon. It is operated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The refuge was designated a National Historic Landmark on October 16, 1965.{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=142&ResourceType=Site|title=Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge|access-date=2008-07-05|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222209/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=142&ResourceType=Site|archive-date=2007-11-14}}

Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908, was the first waterfowl refuge in the United States. It is located in the Klamath Basin near Klamath Falls, Oregon. It has a total area of {{convert|50912.68|acre|km2|2}}, of which {{convert|44294.55|acre|km2|2}} are in California and {{convert|6618.13|acre|km2|2}} are in Oregon. The refuge includes shallow freshwater marshes, open water, grassy uplands, and croplands that are intensively managed to provide foraging and breeding habitat for waterfowl and other animals. The market hunting of migratory birds in the late 19th century created the need for preservation and creation of a wildlife refuge.{{cite book | title=a River Never the Same | publisher=Shaw Historical Library | author=Huston, Anne E. | last2=Huston | first2=Anne E. | year=1999 | location=Klamath Falls, OR | pages=59–60 | isbn=0-9667919-1-6}}

Refuge objectives include the protection of habitat for flora and fauna, including migrating waterfowl, and preserving the biodiversity of the Klamath Basin. It works to integrate wetlands and sustainable agriculture and promote integrated pest management. The refuge provides wildlife-related public services, including education, hunting, and viewing and photography opportunities.

Avian species on the refuge include the bald eagle, golden eagle, American white pelican, white-faced ibis, snow goose, Ross's goose, greater white-fronted goose, Canada goose, peregrine falcon, northern pintail, mallard, gadwall, canvasback, western grebe, eared grebe, black tern, and tricolored blackbird.

Conservation and management activities include the maintenance of a local water infrastructure and the monitoring of the interaction between agriculture and habitat. Issues in focus include the loss of wetland habitat, the degradation of water quality, drought, and water rights.