Lubberts effect

{{primary sources|date=March 2015}}

The Lubberts effect is the non-uniform response of an imaging system to X-rays that are absorbed at different depths within the input phosphor. It indicates an input phosphor depth-dependent response of the imaging system. It is named{{cite journal |last1=Howansky |first1=Adrian |last2=Lubinsky |first2=A.R. |last3=Suzuki |first3=Katsuhiko |last4=Ghose |first4=S. |last5=Zhao |first5=Wei |title=An apparatus and method for directly measuring the depth‐dependent gain and spatial resolution of turbid scintillators |journal=Medical Physics |date=October 2018 |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=4927–4941 |doi=10.1002/mp.13177 |pmid=30193407 |pmc=6234053 |bibcode=2018MedPh..45.4927H }} for G. Lubberts, who published a report of it in 1968 while working at Kodak.{{cite journal |first= G. |last= Lubberts |title= Random Noise Produced by X-Ray Fluorescent Screens |journal= J. Opt. Soc. Am. |volume= 58 |issue= 11 |pages= 1475–1482 |year= 1968 |doi= 10.1364/JOSA.58.001475 |bibcode= 1968JOSA...58.1475L }} The Lubberts effect is related to the Swank effect, which relates the signal-to-noise ratio of a scintillator-based imaging system to the amount of random variation in the strength of the emitted photons.{{cite journal |last1=Swank |first1=Robert K. |title=Absorption and noise in x‐ray phosphors |journal=Journal of Applied Physics |date=1 September 1973 |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=4199–4203 |doi=10.1063/1.1662918 |bibcode=1973JAP....44.4199S |url=https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1662918 |access-date=28 April 2022|url-access=subscription }}