Lucien Conein

{{Short description|French-American soldier, spy, businessman and DEA operative}}

{{Infobox military person

| image = Lucien Conein.JPG

| caption = Lucien Conein in uniform

| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|11|29}}

| birth_place = Paris, France

| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|6|3|1919|11|29}}

| death_place = Suburban Hospital
Bethesda, Maryland

| awards = Bronze Star Medal

| servicenumber = 01 322 769

| allegiance = {{flagu|France}}
{{flagu|United States}}

| placeofburial = Arlington National Cemetery

| rank = Lieutenant colonel

| branch = {{army|US}}

}}

Lucien Emile "Lou" Conein (/koˈniːn/ (co-NEEN)Weiner, Tim. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911141748/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/07/world/lucien-conein-79-legendary-cold-war-spy.html "Lucien Conein, 79, Legendary Cold War Spy"] (Obituary). New York Times (Jun. 7, 1998), sec. 1, p. 35. Archived from [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/07/world/lucien-conein-79-legendary-cold-war-spy.html the original.]) (November 19, 1919 – June 3, 1998)Barnes, Bart. [http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/C%20Disk/CIA%20Conein%20Lucius%20E/Item%2001.pdf "Lucien E. Conein Dies at 79: Fabled Agent for OSS and CIA"]. The Washington Post, June 6, 1998. p. B6. was a French-American citizen, noted U.S. Army officer and OSS/CIA operative. Conein is best known for his instrumental role in the November 1963 coup against Ngô Đình Diệm and Diệm's assassination by serving as Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.'s liaison officer with the coup plotters and delivering $42,000 of the known cash disbursements.Prados, John (5 Nov. 2003). [https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/index.htm JFK and the Diệm Coup.] National Security Archive.

Early life

Lucien Conein was born to Lucien Xavier Conein and Estelle Elin in Paris, France at the end of World War I.{{cite journal |last=Rust |first=William J. |date=December 2019 |title=CIA Operations Officer Lucien Conein: A Study in Contrasts and Controversy |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol-63-no-4/pdfs/Conein-Contrasts-and-Controversy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614165548/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol-63-no-4/pdfs/Conein-Contrasts-and-Controversy.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |access-date=June 14, 2020 |journal=Studies in Intelligence |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Center for the Studies of Intelligence |volume=63 |issue=4 |page=44}} When he was five years old, his widowed mother sent him to Kansas City to live with his aunt, who had married a US soldier. Conein attended Wyandotte High School in Kansas City, Kansas,{{cite report |author=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |date=September 25, 1961 |title=Form: Personal History Statement of Conein, Lucien Emile |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32399265.pdf |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |publication-date=July 24, 2017 |editor=Assassination Records Review Board |page=3 |series=JFK Assassination System |id=DocId: 32399265 |access-date=July 1, 2020 }}{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/LucienConeinOSSPersonnelFile |title=Lucien Conein OSS Personnel File |website=ia801302.us.archive.org |access-date=4 August 2021}} dropping out after his junior year.

In 1939, the beginning of World War II, the 20-year-old joined the French Army but switched to the U.S. Army within a year because of the German invasion establishing Vichy France. As a native speaker of French he was asked to volunteer for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). According to biographer William J. Rust, Conein was reported to have had a "flair for exaggeration" and his service in the French Army "was sometimes portrayed as a more romantic-sounding assignment in the French Foreign Legion".{{sfn|Rust|2019|p=43}}{{efn|Although he was never an official member, he was reported to have been a regular at annual French Foreign Legion dinners in Washington.}}

Military career

{{external media

|video1= [http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/vietnam-3abc7d-interview-with-lucien-conein-1981 Extended interview with Lucien Conein] (May 7, 1981). "America's Mandarin (1954-1963)" [Ep. 3]. In: Vietnam: A Television History. WGBH Media Library & Archives. {{OCLC|827298014}}.

}}

In 1944 he was ordered to help the French Resistance during the Allied landings in Normandy. He worked with the Jedburghs, a group directed by the OSS and the British Special Operations Executive.

It was then that Conein began working and living with the Corsican mafia, then called Corsican Brotherhood, an ally of the Resistance. He was quoted:

When the Sicilians put out a contract, it's usually limited to the continental United States, or maybe Canada or Mexico. But with the Corsicans, it's international. They'll go anywhere. There's an old Corsican proverb: 'If you want revenge and you act within 20 years, you're acting in haste.'

He was briefly sent to French Indochina to help organize attacks against the Imperial Japanese Army and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for operations conducted during this period.[https://web.archive.org/web/20170123132156/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0005355259.pdf "Citation."] Central Intelligence Agency FOIA Electronic Reading Room.

After 1945 during the Cold War period, he infiltrated spies and saboteurs into the Eastern European Warsaw Pact countries of the Soviet bloc. In 1951, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) tasked Conein to establish a base in Nuremberg, assisted by Ted Shackley. Later Conein worked with William King Harvey in Berlin.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

In 1954, he was sent to work against the government of Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam, at first in a propaganda campaign to persuade Southern Vietnamese not to vote for the communists and then to help with arming and training local tribesmen, called the Montagnards working under CIA station chief William Colby.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Conein was an intelligence agent in Vietnam in 1961 and 1962. Allen Ginsberg described him as "the crucial person" in the CIA's link with the Southeast Asian opium trade.Long, Steve. [https://archive.org/download/new-light-on-leary-by-steve-long-berkeley-barb-vol.-21-no.-15-apr.-25-1975-p.-9-20/New%20Light%20on%20Leary%2C%20by%20Steve%20Long%20%28Berkeley%20Barb%2C%20vol.%2021%2C%20no.%2015%2C%20Apr.%2025%2C%201975%29%2C%20p.%209%2C%2020.pdf "New Light on Leary."] Berkeley Barb, vol. 21, no. 15 (Apr. 25, 1975), [https://archive.org/download/new-light-on-leary-by-steve-long-berkeley-barb-vol.-21-no.-15-apr.-25-1975-p.-9-20/New%20Light%20on%20Leary%2C%20by%20Steve%20Long%20%28Berkeley%20Barb%2C%20vol.%2021%2C%20no.%2015%2C%20Apr.%2025%2C%201975%29%2C%20p.%209%2C%2020.pdf p. 9, 20.] During the November 1963 coup against Ngô Đình Diệm which resulted in Diệm's assassination, he served as Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.'s liaison officer with the coup plotters and delivered $42,000 of cash disbursements.Prados, John. [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/index.htm "JFK and the Diệm Coup."] National Security Archive (Nov. 5, 2003).

In 1968, Conein left the CIA and became a businessman in South Vietnam.{{cite web |url=https://gangsterreport.com/mafia-comes-asia/ |title=The Mafia Comes to Asia, Santo Trafficante Visited Saigon in '68 |work=Gangster Report |date=31 December 2014 |access-date=16 April 2021}} In 1972, President Nixon appointed Conein as chief of covert operations for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).Weiner, Tim. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210911141748/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/07/world/lucien-conein-79-legendary-cold-war-spy.html "Lucien Conein, 79, Legendary Cold War Spy"] (Obituary). New York Times (Jun. 7, 1998), sec. 1, p. 35. Archived from [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/07/world/lucien-conein-79-legendary-cold-war-spy.html the original.] He was considered by former CIA colleague E. Howard Hunt for the group that undertook the 1972 Watergate burglary of the Democratic National Committee. Conein told Stanley Karnow, "If I'd been involved, we'd have done it right."

Conein retired from the DEA in 1984.{{sfn|Rust|2019|p=56}}

Personal life

Conein married Elyette B. Conein in 1957. They had three children. At the time of his death, he was survived by six sons, one daughter, 11 grandchildren, and one great-grandchild.

Death

Conein died of a heart attack, aged 78, at Suburban Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland in June 1998.

Note

References

=Bibliography=

Hougan, Jim (1978). [https://archive.org/download/spooks-the-haunting-of-america-the-private-use-of-secret-agents-by-jim-hougan-william-morrow-1978/Spooks%20-%20The%20Haunting%20of%20America%E2%80%94The%20Private%20Use%20of%20Secret%20Agents%2C%20by%20Jim%20Hougan%20%28William%20Morrow%2C%201978%29.pdf Spooks: The Haunting of America & the Private Use of Secret Agents.] New York: William Morrow. {{ISBN|978-0688033552}}.

External links

[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0174491/ Lucien Conein] at IMDb
[https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgZjb25laW4SBmx1Y2llbg--/ Lucien Conein] at Arlington National Cemetery
[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucien-E-Conein Lucien Conein] at Encyclopedia Britannica
[http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=ML_conein_bkp Lucien Conein] at Military.com
[https://web.archive.org/web/20220226000946/http://www.namebase.net:82/names/nn01.cgi?Na=Conein Lucein Conein] at NameBase
[http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/C%20Disk/CIA%20Conein%20Lucius%20E/ Lucien Conein] at Weisberg Collection
[https://archive.org/download/LucienConeinOSSPersonnelFile/Lucien%20Conein%20OSS%20Personnel%20File.pdf Lucien Conein's OSS Personnel File]