Ludwig Lewisohn
{{short description|American novelist}}
File:Ludwig Lewisohn and his wife Mary Arnold.jpg
Ludwig Lewisohn (May 30, 1882 – December 31, 1955) was a novelist, literary critic, the drama critic for The Nation and then its associate editor. He was the editor of the New Palestine, an American Zionist journal. He taught at the University of Wisconsin and at Ohio State University as well as serving as professor of German and Comparative Literature at Brandeis University. Lewisohn produced some 40 full-length fiction and non-fiction books, nearly as many translations, wrote numerous magazine and journal articles and edited countless other written works.{{cite journal|last=Kessner|first=Carole S.|title=The life and work of Ludwig Lewisohn (review)|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/31462|journal=Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies|publisher=Purdue University|date=Winter 2002|volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=179–182 |doi=10.1353/sho.2001.0148 |s2cid=170215473 }}
Biography
Lewisohn was born in Berlin, Germany to a highly assimilated, upper-middle class Jewish family. His parents Jacques Lewisohn and Minna (Eloesser) immigrated to the United States in 1890. The family settled in St. Matthews, South Carolina and then in 1892 moved to Charleston.{{cite book|title=The life and work of Ludwig Lewisohn|last=Melnick|first=Ralph|volume=I : A touch of wildness|year= 1998|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location= Detroit, MI|isbn= 0814326927|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kVulUT-HfTcC&q=Ludwig+Lewisohn+1955&pg=PA23|accessdate=July 11, 2010}} Lewisohn's mother was the daughter of a rabbi, but when the family moved to America they settled in an area where there was not a practicing Jewish congregation. He was sent to a Methodist Sunday school to improve his English. He integrated well into the Methodist community and its church and subsequently became an active Methodist. After graduating with honors from the College of Charleston, he went to Columbia University in 1902 to continue with graduate work. He received the degree of A.M. in 1903.
In 1904 he was told by his advisers that a Jew would never be hired to teach English literature at an American university. The bitter irony in this advice led Lewisohn to return to Judaism and he became an outspoken critic of American Jewish assimilation.{{Cite book|last=Rubin|first=Steven Joel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chJaMwj0g_QC&pg=PA20|title=Writing Our Lives: Autobiographies of American Jews, 1890-1990|date=1991|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|isbn=978-0-8276-0393-6|page=20|language=en}} In 1948 Lewisohn was among the founding faculty members of Brandeis University where he taught until his death.{{cite web|last=Chyet|first=Stanley|title=Ludwig Lewisohn : the years of becoming|url=http://americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1959_11_02_00_chyet.pdf}}{{cite book |title= The Life and Work of Ludwig Lewisohn|last= Melnick|first= Ralph|volume=II: "This Dark and Desperate Age" |year= 1998|publisher= Wayne State University Press|location= Detroit, MI|isbn= 0814327656|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RTBVqPTXx30C&q=Ludwig+Lewisohn+1955&pg=PA523|accessdate=July 11, 2010}}
Following his graduation from Columbia, Lewisohn worked for Doubleday, Page & Co. in New York as a member of the editorial staff. The following year, 1905, he left Doubleday to become a free-lance magazine writer. In 1910, with the strong recommendation of his close friend William Ellery Leonard he became an instructor of German at the University of Wisconsin. He remained there for one year and then accepted the position of professor of German language and literature at Ohio State University. He served at the University until 1917 when war time sentiments forced his separation. Upon leaving Ohio State University Lewisohn became drama critic at the Nation and then was promoted to associate editor in 1920. He continued to write for The Nation until 1924. He translated from the German into English works of Gerhart Hauptmann, Jakob Wassermann and Franz Werfel.
In 1943 he became the editor of The New Palestine (magazine), working with them until 1948.{{Cite web|title=Ludwig Lewisohn Collection|url=http://collections.americanjewisharchives.org/ms/ms0166/ms0166.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=collections.americanjewisharchives.org}} He then began his work at Brandeis University.
Lewisohn was a member of the Jewish Academy of Arts and Sciences and was an honorary secretary of the Zionist Organization of America. Lewisohn
strongly supported the Zionist cause and he lectured and wrote widely on its behalf.{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Josh|title=Comeback kid|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/979/comeback-kid}}
Personal life
When he first came to Columbia, Lewisohn had an affair with George Sylvester Viereck. He was married three times; to Mary Arnold in 1906, to Edna Manley in 1940 and to Louise Wolk in 1944. His first two marriages ended in divorce and he was survived in death by his third wife. Lewisohn also had a son, James Elias Lewisohn, by Thelma Spear, a concert singer with whom he had lived and had a relationship with for many years.{{cite web|last=Shenker|first=Israel|title=Maine poet|website=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/19/archives/maine-poet-convicted-of-killing-his-wife-adjusts-to-role-as.htmlwig|date=2016}} Spear actually burst in on his wedding to Edna Manley at a Baltimore synagogue, insisting that he first marry and then divorce her or she would sue him for bigamy. New York Herald Tribune, 6 February 1940 Lewisohn died in Miami Beach, Florida on December 31, 1955.
Selective Bibliography
- The Broken Snare (1908)
- A Night in Alexandria (1909)
- Up Stream (1922)
- The Creative Life (1924)
- Israel (1925)
- The Case of Mr. Crump (1926)
- The Island Within (1928)
- Expression in America (1931)
- The Last Days of Shylock (1931) Illustrated by Arthur Szyk
- Rebirth (1935)
- Trumpet of Jubilee (1937)
- He commented on: "The Jew and the Book", in Samuel Caplan and Harold U. Ribalow, ed., The Great Jewish Books (New York , Horizon, 1952), pp. 11–17.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9U3AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Samuel+Caplan%22|title=The Dalhousie Review|date=1971|publisher=Dalhousie University Press|pages=558|language=en}}
References
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External links
{{Wikisource author}}
- {{Gutenberg author |id=4904| name=Ludwig Lewisohn}}
- {{Internet Archive author |sname=Ludwig Lewisohn}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20081013043244/http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/findingguides/xml/lewisohn.html Ludwig Lewisohn Collection, 1883-1955]
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=TsOVzi53_VgC&dq=%22Ludwig+Lewisohn+%22+rebirth&pg=PA274 Rebirth - A Book of Modern Jewish Thought]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719083009/http://www.secession-verlag.de/autor/ludwig-lewisohn Ludwig Lewisohn short biographie (German)]
- [http://www.tabletmag.com/arts-and-culture/books/979/comeback-kid/ Tablet Magazine: Comeback Kid]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110107232402/http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/detail/continue-reading-ludwig-lewisohn Jewish Ideas Daily: Retrieving American Fiction: Ludwig Lewisohn]
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Category:20th-century American novelists
Category:American male novelists
Category:German emigrants to the United States
Category:Brandeis University faculty
Category:College of Charleston alumni
Category:Columbia University alumni
Category:Writers from Charleston, South Carolina
Category:Novelists from Massachusetts
Category:Jewish American novelists
Category:American people of German-Jewish descent
Category:Analysands of A. A. Brill
Category:20th-century American translators