Lupinus nipomensis

{{short description|Nipomo Mesa lupine endemic to Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes, California}}

{{Speciesbox

| status = LE

| status_system = ESA

| genus = Lupinus

| species = nipomensis

| authority = Eastw.

| image = Lupinus nipomensis flower.jpg

| image_alt = Flowering Lupinus nipomensis in its extant population - Photo provided by Justin Luong

}}

Lupinus nipomensis is a species of lupine known by the common name Nipomo Mesa lupine. It is endemic to the Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes on the California Central Coast. Specifically, the plant is limited to the Guadalupe Dunes at the southern border of San Luis Obispo County. There are five to seven colonies growing in a strip of sand dunes measuring less than three square miles in area.{{cite web|url=http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=2724|title=Plant Profile: Lupinus nipomensis |website=Center for Plant Conservation}} These colonies are generally considered to make up a single population.USFWS. [http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr3546.pdf Final Rule for Endangered Status for Four Plants from South Central Coastal California]. Federal Register March 20, 2000. The number of individual plants remaining has been observed to vary between 100 and 1,800, its abundance is not correlated to precipitation, is highly variable and exact mechanisms driving abundance unknown. This is a California state and federally listed endangered species.{{Cite web|title=Nipomo Lupine Recovery |url=https://www.ccber.ucsb.edu/news-events/nipomo-lupine-recovery|access-date=2020-10-24|website=Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration|date=May 6, 2017}}

Nipomo Mesa lupine is a small, spreading annual herb with a stem reaching 10 to 50 centimeters in length. Each palmate leaf is made up of 5 to 7 narrow, succulent leaflets between 1 and 1.5 centimeters long and just a few millimeters wide. The herbage is hairy in texture, but can sometimes be glaborous and new stems emerge in equidistant sets of threes.{{Cite journal|last1=Walters|first1=Dirk|last2=Walters|first2=Bonnie|title=Taxonomy, Demography and Ecology of Lupinus nipomensis Eastwood|journal=Department of Biology at Calpoly SLO}} When first emerging the seedlings have a reddish/purple hue from anthocyanin to help reduce ultraviolet damage. The inflorescence is a small, crowded raceme of flowers each 6 to 7 millimeters long. The flower is pink with a lighter, sometimes yellowish spot on its banner. The fruit is a legume pod up to 2 centimeters long. No traditional pollinators have been found to be associated with this plant - however, it does host a diverse suite of other arthropod interactions.{{cite journal |last1=Motta |first1=Carina I. |last2=Luong |first2=Justin C. |last3=Seltmann |first3=Katja C. |title=Plant–arthropod interactions of an endangered California lupine |journal=Ecology and Evolution |date=March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=e8688 |doi=10.1002/ece3.8688| pmid=35342564 |pmc=8928892 |doi-access=free }} Notably, they are visited by Trigonoscuta (Sand weevil) species which are potentially rare and endemic to sand dunes. It was found that they are negatively impacted by, a gall maggot from the family Anthomyiidae, Delia lupini. D. lupini creates galls on the plant and when vacated, have been observed to host other pests such as Scaphomorphus beetles.